Muscle strain is modulated more with running slope than speed in wild turkey knee and hip extensors

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 210, Issue 14, 2007, Pages 2510-2517

  Roberts, Thomas J ^a   Higginson, Brian K ^b   Nelson, Frank E ^c   Gabaldón, Annette M ^d  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^d Malik and Seeme Hasan School of Business   (United States)

Author keywords

Bird; Energetics; Locomotion; Muscle

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; MUSCLE TONE; PHYSIOLOGY; RUNNING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TIME; TURKEY (BIRD);

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; EXERTION; FEMALE; MUSCLE TONUS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS; TURKEYS;

ANIMALIA; AVES; MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO;

EID: 34547765354     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.003913     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Barclay, C. J. (1994). Efficiency of fast- and slow-twitch muscles of the mouse performing cyclic contractions. J. Exp. Biol. 193, 65-78.
2. Barclay, C. J. (1997). Initial mechanical efficiency in cyclic contractions of mouse skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Biomech. 13, 418-422.
3. Biewener, A. A., McGowan, C., Card, G. M. and Baudinette, R. V. (2004) Dynamics of leg muscle function in tammar wallabies (M. eugenii) during level versus incline hopping. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 211-223.
4. Butterfield, T. A., Leonard, T. R. and Herzog, W. (2005). Differential serial sarcomere number adaptations in knee extensor muscles of rats is contraction type dependent. J. Appl. Physiol. 99, 1352-1358.
5. Carlson-Kuhta, P., Trank, T. V. and Smith, J. L. (1998). Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. II. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for upslope and level walking. J. Neurophvsiol. 79, 1687-1701.
6. Carrier, D. R., Gregersen, C. S. and Silverton, N. A. (1998). Dynamic gearing in running dogs. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 3185-3195.
7. Curtin, N. A. (1997). First catch the fish: efficiency during stretch-shortening cycles that mimic natural locomotion. J. Appl. Biomech. 13, 429-432.
8. Daley, M. A. and Biewener, A. A. (2003). Muscle force-length dynamics during level versus incline locomotion: a comparison of in vivo performance of two guinea fowl ankle extensors. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 2941-2958.
9. Ellerby, D. J. and Marsh, R. L. (2006). The energetic costs of trunk and distal-limb loading during walking and running in guinea fowl Numida meleagris. II. Muscle energy use as indicated by blood flow. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2064-2075.
10. Gabaldón, A. M., Nelson, F. E. and Roberts, T. J. (2004). Mechanical function of two ankle extensors in wild turkeys: shifts from energy production to energy absorption during incline versus decline running. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 2277-2288.
11. Gatesy, S. M. (1999a). Guineafowl hind limb function. I: Cineradiographic analysis and speed effects. J. Morphol. 240, 115-125.
12. Gatesy, S. M. (1999b). Guineafowl hind limb function. II: Electromyographic analysis and motor pattern evolution. J. Morphol. 240, 127-142.
13. Gillis, G. B. and Biewener, A. A. (2002). Effects of surface grade on proximal hindlimb muscle strain and activation during rat locomotion. J. Appl. Physiol. 93, 1731-1743.
14. Gillis, G. B., Flynn, J. P., McGuigan, P. and Biewener, A. A. (2005). Patterns of strain and activation in the thigh muscles of goats across gaits during level locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 4599-4611.
15. Griffiths, R. I. (1989). The mechanics of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in the freely hopping wallaby (Thylogale billardierrii). J. Exp. Biol. 147, 439-456.
16. Lichtwark, G. A. and Wilson, A. M. (2006). Interactions between the human gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon during incline, level and decline locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4379-4388.
17. McGowan, C. P., Duarte, H. A., Main, J. B. and Biewener, A. A. (2006). The effects of load carrying on metabolic cost and hindlimb muscle dynamics in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). J. Appl. Physiol. 101, 1060-1069.
18. Roberts, T. J. and Belliveau, R. A. (2005). Sources of mechanical power for uphill running in humans. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1963-1970.
19. Roberts, T. J. and Scales, J. A. (2004). Adjusting muscle function to demand: joint work during acceleration in wild turkeys. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 4165-4174.
20. Roberts, T. J., Marsh, R. L., Weyand, P. G. and Taylor, C. R. (1997). Muscular force in running turkeys: the economy of minimizing work. Science 275, 1113-1115.
21. Smith, J. L., Carlson-Kuhta, P. and Trank, T. V. (1998). Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. III. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for downslope and level walking. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 1702-1716.
22. Taylor, C. R. (1994). Relating mechanics and energetics during exercise. In Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine. Vol. 38A (ed. J. H. Jones), pp. 181-215. San Diego: Academic Press.
23. van Ingen Schenau, G. J., Bobbert, M. F. and de Haan, A. (1997). Does elastic energy enhance work and efficiency in the stretch-shortening cycle. J. Appl. Biomech. 13, 389-415.
24. Wickler, S. J., Hoyt, D. F., Biewener, A. A., Cogger, E. A. and De La Paz, K. L. (2005). In vivo muscle function vs speed. II. Muscle function trotting up an incline. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1191-1200.