A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the facility for atmospheric remote sensing. Part V: Cloud structural properties

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 64, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 2483-2501

  Sassen, Kenneth ^a   Wang, Likun ^a,b   Starr, David O'C ^c   Comstock, Jennifer M ^d   Quante, Markus ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b QSS GROUP INC   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^d PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^e INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; CLIMATOLOGY; GRAVITY WAVES; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; OPTICAL RADAR; REMOTE SENSING; WAVELET ANALYSIS;

ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING; CIRRUS CLOUD; OPTICAL DEPTH;

CLOUDS;

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; GRAVITY WAVES; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; OPTICAL RADAR; REMOTE SENSING; WAVELET ANALYSIS;

CIRRUS; CLIMATOLOGY; GRAVITY WAVE; LIDAR; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; MIDLATITUDE ENVIRONMENT; REMOTE SENSING; WAVELET ANALYSIS;

NORTH AMERICA; SALT LAKE CITY; UNITED STATES; UTAH;

EID: 34547761727     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3949.1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Auria, R., and B. Campistron, 1987: Origin of precipitation and dynamic organization in wavelike precipitation bands. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3329-3340.
2. Barker, H. W., 1996: A parameterization for computing grid-averaged solar fluxes for inhomogeneous marine boundary layer clouds. I: Methodology and homogeneous biases. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2289-2303.
3. Cahalan, R. F., W. Ridgway, W. J. Wiscombe, and T. L. Bell, 1994: The albedo of fractal stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2434-2455.
4. Carlin, B., Q. Fu, U. Lohmann, G. G. Mace, K. Sassen, and J. M. Comstock, 2002: High-cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and solar albedo bias. J. Climate, 15, 2321-2339.
5. Chatfield, C., 1996: The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. 5th ed. Chapman and Hall, 283 pp.
6. Comstock, J. M., and K. Sassen, 2001: Retrieval of cirrus cloud radiative and backscattering properties using combined lidar and infrared radiometer (LIRAD) measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1658-1673.
7. Demoz, B. B., D. O'C. Staff, K. R. Chan, and S. W. Bowen, 1998: Wavelet analysis of dynamical processes in cirrus clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1347-1350.
8. Dunkerton, T. J., 1997: Shear instability of internal inertia gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1628-1641.
9. Farge, M., 1992: Wavelet transforms and their applications to turbulence. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 24, 395-457.
10. Fritts, D. C., and M. J. Alexander, 2003: Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere. Rev. Geophys., 41, 1003, doi:10.1029/2001RG000106.
11. Gilman, D. L., F. J. Fuglister, and J. M. Mitchel Jr., 1963: On the power spectrum of "red noise." J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 182-184.
12. Grund, C. J., and E. W. Eloranta, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Cloud optical properties determined by high spectral resolution lidar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2344-2355.
13. Gultepe, I., and D. O'C. Starr, 1995: Dynamical structure and turbulence in cirrus clouds: Aircraft observations during FIRE. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4159-4182.
14. Gultepe, I., D. O'C. Starr, A. J. Heymsfield, T. Uttal, T. P. Ackerman, and D. Westphal, 1995: Dynamical characteristics of cirrus clouds from aircraft and radar observations in micro and mesogamma scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4060-4078.
15. Harshvardhan, and D. A. Randall, 1985: Comments on "The parameterization of radiation for numerical weather prediction and climate models." Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1832-1833.
16. Heymsfield, A. J., 1975: Cirrus uncinus generating cells and the evolution of cirriform. clouds. Part II: The structure and circulations of the cirrus uncinus generating head. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 809-819.
17. Khvorostyanov, V. I., and K. Sassen, 1998: Cirrus cloud simulation using explicit microphysics and radiation. Part II: Microphysics, vapor and mass budgets, and optical and radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1822-1845.
18. Lane, T. P., J. D. Dolye, R. Plougonven, M. A. Shapiro, and R. D. Sharman, 2004: Observations and numerical simulations of inertia-gravity waves and shearing instabilities in the vicinity of a jet stream. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2692-2706.
19. Lion, K.-N., and N. Rao, 1996: Radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part IV: On cloud geometry, inhomogeneity and absorption. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3046-3065.
20. Ludlam, F. H., 1948: The forms of ice clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 74, 39-56.
21. Ludlam, F. H., 1956: The forms of ice clouds: II. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 82, 257-265.
22. Nastrom, G. D., and D. C. Fritts, 1992: Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part I: Topographic excitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 101-110.
23. Oddie, B. C. V., 1959: Some cirrus observations made by the Westminster Shiant Isles Expedition. Weather, 4, 204-208.
24. Percival, D. B., 1995: On estimation of the wavelet variance. Biometrika, 82, 619-631.
25. Qiu, L.-J., and M.-H. Er, 1995: Wavelet spectrogram of noisy signals. Int. J. Electr., 79, 665-677.
26. Quante, M., and D. O'C. Starr, 2002: Dynamical process in cirrus clouds: A review of observational results. Cirrus, D. K. Lynch et al., Eds., Oxford University Press, 346-374.
27. Quante, M., G. Teschke, M. Zhariy, P. Maaß, and K. Sassen, 2002: Extraction and analysis of structural features in cloud radar and lidar data using wavelet based methods. Proc. Second European Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Delft, Netherlands, European Meteorological Society, 95-103.
28. Reuss, J. H., 1967: Großräumige Cirrus-Bänder als Merkmale von Luftmassengrenzen der hohen Troposphäre und ihrer Eigenschaften. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 36, 7-15.
29. Sassen, K., 1995: Lidar cloud research. Rev. Laser Eng., 23, 148-153.
30. Sassen, K., 2002: Cirrus clouds: A modern perspective. Cirrus, D. K. Lynch et al., Eds., Oxford University Press, 11-40.
31. Sassen, K., and J. R. Campbell, 2001: A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Part I: Macrophysical and synoptic properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 481-496.
32. Sassen, K., and S. Benson, 2001: A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Part II: Microphysical properties derived from lidar depolarization. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2103-2112.
33. Sassen, K., and J. M. Comstock, 2001: A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Part III: Radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2113-2127.
34. Sassen, K., D. O'C. Starr, and T. Uttal, 1989: Mesoscale and microscale structure of cirrus clouds: Three case studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 371-396.
35. Sassen, K., C. J. Grund, J. D. Spinhirne, M. M. Hardesty, and J. M. Alvarez, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: A five lidar overview of cloud structure and evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2288-2312.
36. Sassen, K., J. M. Comstock, Z. Wang, and G. G. Mace, 2001: Cloud and aerosol research capabilities at FARS: The Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 1119-1138.
37. Sassen, K., W. P. Arnott, D. O'C. Starr, G. G. Mace, Z. Wang, and M. R. Poellot, 2003a: Midlatitude cirrus clouds derived from Hurricane Nora: A case study with implication for ice crystal nucleation and shape. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 873-891.
38. Sassen, K., J. Zhu, and S. Benson, 2003b: A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Part IV: Optical displays. Appl. Opt., 42, 332-341.
39. Smith, S. A., and P. R. Jonas, 1997: Wavelet analysis of turbulence in cirrus clouds. Ann. Geophys., 15, 1447-1456.
40. Smith, S. A., and A. D. DelGenio, 2001: Analysis of aircraft, radiosonde, and radar observations in cirrus clouds observed during FIRE II: The interaction between environment structure, turbulence, and cloud microphysical properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 451-461.
41. Smith, W. L., Jr., P. F. Hein, and S. K. Cox, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE cirrus case study: In situ observation of radiation and dynamic properties of a cirrus cloud layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2389-2401.
42. Starr, D. O'C., and D. P. Wylie, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE cirrus case study: Meteorology and clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2259-2287.
43. Starr, D. O'C., C. L. Korb, G. K. Schwemmer, and C. Y. Weng, 1992: Observation of height-dependent pressure structure of a strong mesoscale gravity wave. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2808-2820.
44. Stephens, G. L., 1985: Reply. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1834-1835.
45. Torrence, C., and G. P. Compo, 1998: A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 79, 61-78.
46. Uccellini, L. W., and S. E. Koch, 1987: The synoptic setting and possible energy sources for mesoscale wave disturbances. Mon. Wea Rev., 115, 721-729.
47. Várnai, T., and R. Davies, 1999: Effects of cloud heterogeneities on shortwave radiation: Comparison of cloud-top variability and internal heterogeneity. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4206-4224.
48. Wang, L., 2004: Midlatitude cirrus cloud structural properties analyzed from the extended Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing dataset. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 219 pp.
49. Wang, L., and K. Sassen, 2006: Cirrus mammatus properties derived from an extended remote sensing dataset. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 712-725.
50. Wang, Z., and K. Sassen, 2001: Cloud type and macrophysical property retrieval using multiple remote sensors. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1665-1683.
51. Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences: An Introduction. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 59, Academic Press, 467 pp.
52. Yagi, T., 1969: On the relation between the shape of cirrus clouds and the static stability of cloud level-studies of cirrus clouds: Part IV. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 47, 59-64.
53. Yagi, T., T. Harimaya, and C. Magono, 1968: On the shape and movement of cirrus uncinus clouds by the trigonometric method using stereophotographs-Studies of cirrus clouds: Part II. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 46, 266-271.