메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 24, 1999, Pages 4206-4224

Effects of cloud heterogeneities on shortwave radiation: Comparison of cloud-top variability and internal heterogeneity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPROXIMATION THEORY; LIGHT EXTINCTION; LIGHT REFLECTION; SOLAR RADIATION;

EID: 17544397298     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<4206:EOCHOS>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (113)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 0000514869 scopus 로고
    • Reflection of solar radiation from an array of cumuli
    • Ajda, M., 1977: Reflection of solar radiation from an array of cumuli. J. Meteor. Soc, Japan, 55, 174-181.
    • (1977) J. Meteor. Soc, Japan , vol.55 , pp. 174-181
    • Ajda, M.1
  • 2
    • 0028583787 scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative transfer for wind-sheared cumulus cloud fields
    • Barker, H. W., 1994: Solar radiative transfer for wind-sheared cumulus cloud fields. J. Atmos. Sei., 51, 1141-1156.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.51 , pp. 1141-1156
    • Barker, H.W.1
  • 3
    • 0027100511 scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative fluxes for stochastic, scale-invariant broken cloud fields
    • _, and J. A. Davies, 1992a: Solar radiative fluxes for stochastic, scale-invariant broken cloud fields. J. Atmos. Sei., 49, 1115-1126.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.49 , pp. 1115-1126
    • Davies, J.A.1
  • 4
    • 0027009027 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus cloud radiative properties and the characteristic of satellite radiance wavenumber spectra
    • _, and _, 1992b: Cumulus cloud radiative properties and the characteristic of satellite radiance wavenumber spectra. Remote. Sens. Environ., 42, 51-64.
    • (1992) Remote. Sens. Environ , vol.42 , pp. 51-64
  • 5
    • 0000323262 scopus 로고
    • Lidar observations of the fine-scale variability of marine stratocumulus clouds
    • Boers, R., J. D. Spinhirne, and W. D. Hart, 1988: Lidar observations of the fine-scale variability of marine stratocumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 797-810.
    • (1988) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.27 , pp. 797-810
    • Boers, R.1    Spinhirne, J.D.2    Hart, W.D.3
  • 6
    • 0027084624 scopus 로고
    • Reflectance of broken cloud fields: Simulation and parameterization
    • Bréon, F.-M., 1992: Reflectance of broken cloud fields: Simulation and parameterization. J. Atmos. Sei., 49, 1221-1232.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.49 , pp. 1221-1232
    • Bréon, F.-M.1
  • 9
    • 0024855897 scopus 로고
    • Marine stratocumulus structure
    • _, and J. B. Snider, 1989: Marine stratocumulus structure. Remote Sens. Em-iron., 28, 95-107.
    • (1989) Remote Sens. Em-iron. , vol.28 , pp. 95-107
    • Snider, J.B.1
  • 11
    • 0029413992 scopus 로고
    • Liquid water path and plane-parallel albedo bias during ASTEX
    • _, D. Silberstein, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Liquid water path and plane-parallel albedo bias during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sei., 52, 3002-3012.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.52 , pp. 3002-3012
    • Silberstein, D.1    Snider, J.B.2
  • 12
    • 0000054013 scopus 로고
    • Line transfer in two dimensions
    • Cannon, J. C., 1970: Line transfer in two dimensions. Astrophys. J., 161, 255-264.
    • (1970) Astrophys. J. , vol.161 , pp. 255-264
    • Cannon, J.C.1
  • 13
    • 0030974801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of the independent pixel approximation for satellite estimates of oceanic boundary layer cloud optical depth
    • Chambers, L. H., B. A. Wielicki, and K. F. Evans, 1997: Accuracy of the independent pixel approximation for satellite estimates of oceanic boundary layer cloud optical depth. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1779-1794.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 1779-1794
    • Chambers, L.H.1    Wielicki, B.A.2    Evans, K.F.3
  • 14
    • 0342713869 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 220 pp. [Available from Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 728 State St., Madison, WI 53706.]
    • Davies, R., 1976: The three-dimensional transfer of solar radiation in clouds. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 220 pp. [Available from Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 728 State St., Madison, WI 53706.]
    • (1976) The Three-dimensional Transfer of Solar Radiation in Clouds.
    • Davies, R.1
  • 15
    • 0000750645 scopus 로고
    • The effect of finite geometry on the three-dimensional transfer of solar irradiance in clouds
    • _, 1978: The effect of finite geometry on the three-dimensional transfer of solar irradiance in clouds. J. Almos. Sei., 35, 1712-1725.
    • (1978) J. Almos. Sei. , vol.35 , pp. 1712-1725
  • 16
    • 0021639555 scopus 로고
    • Reflected solar radiances from broken cloud scenes and the interpretation of scanner measurements
    • _, 1984: Reflected solar radiances from broken cloud scenes and the interpretation of scanner measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1259-1266.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 1259-1266
  • 17
    • 0021638922 scopus 로고
    • Spectral absorption of solar radiation in cloudy atmospheres: A 20 cm"1 model
    • _, \V. L. Ridgway, and K.-E. Kirn, 1984: Spectral absorption of solar radiation in cloudy atmospheres: A 20 cm"1 model. J. Atmos. Sei., 13,2126-2137.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sei. , pp. 2126-2137
    • Ridgway, V.L.1    Kirn, K.-E.2
  • 19
    • 0030829069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Landsat scale break in stratocumulus as a three-dimensional radiative transfer effect: Implications for cloud remote sensing
    • _, A, Marshak, R. Cahalan, and W. Wiscombe, 1997: The Landsat scale break in stratocumulus as a three-dimensional radiative transfer effect: Implications for cloud remote sensing. J. Atmos. Sei., 54, 241-260.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.54 , pp. 241-260
    • Marshak, A.1    Cahalan, R.2    Wiscombe, W.3
  • 20
    • 0030410094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerosol and horizontal inhomogeneity on the broadband albedo of marine stratus: Numerical simulations
    • Duda, D. P., G. L. Stephens, B. Stevens, and W. R. Cotton, 1996: Effects of aerosol and horizontal inhomogeneity on the broadband albedo of marine stratus: Numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sei., 53, 3757-3769.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.53 , pp. 3757-3769
    • Duda, D.P.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Stevens, B.3    Cotton, W.R.4
  • 21
    • 0030481240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer methods for calculating domain-averaged solar fluxes in inhomogeneous clouds
    • Gabriel, P. M., and K. F. Evans, 1996: Radiative transfer methods for calculating domain-averaged solar fluxes in inhomogeneous clouds. J. Almos. Sei., 53, 858-877.
    • (1996) J. Almos. Sei. , vol.53 , pp. 858-877
    • Gabriel, P.M.1    Evans, K.F.2
  • 22
    • 0028810599 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of solar radiation by stratocumulus clouds: Aircraft measurements and theoretical calculations
    • Hayasaka, T., N. Kikuchi, and M. Tanaka, 1995: Absorption of solar radiation by stratocumulus clouds: Aircraft measurements and theoretical calculations. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1047-1055.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.34 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Hayasaka, T.1    Kikuchi, N.2    Tanaka, M.3
  • 23
    • 0030430463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiative properties of inhomogeneous boundary layer cloud: Observations and modelling
    • Hignett, P., and J. P. Taylor, 1996: The radiative properties of inhomogeneous boundary layer cloud: Observations and modelling. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1341-1364.
    • (1996) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.122 , pp. 1341-1364
    • Hignett, P.1    Taylor, J.P.2
  • 24
    • 0024256278 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of reflectivity for broken cloud fields
    • Kobayashi, T., 1988: Parameterization of reflectivity for broken cloud fields. J. Atmos. Sei.. 45, 3034-3045.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sei.. , vol.45 , pp. 3034-3045
    • Kobayashi, T.1
  • 25
    • 33745516891 scopus 로고
    • Effects due to cloud geometry on biases in the cloud albedo derived from radiance measurements
    • _, 1993: Effects due to cloud geometry on biases in the cloud albedo derived from radiance measurements. J. Climate, 6, 120128.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 120128
  • 26
    • 16344382960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angular dependence of observed radiation field: A comparison with plane-parallel theory
    • Loeb, N. G., and R. Davies, 1996a: Angular dependence of observed radiation field: A comparison with plane-parallel theory. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6865-6881
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 6865-6881
    • Loeb, N.G.1    Davies, R.2
  • 27
    • 33745574017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of plane-parallel model biases at low sun elevations
    • _, and _, 1996b: Observational evidence of plane-parallel model biases at low sun elevations. J. Geophys. Res., 101,16211634.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 16211634
  • 28
    • 0032004167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of marine stratus cloud optical depths from satellite measurements: Does ID theory apply? J
    • _, and J. A. Coakley Jr., 1998: Inference of marine stratus cloud optical depths from satellite measurements: Does ID theory apply? J. Climate, 11, 215-233.
    • (1998) Climate , vol.11 , pp. 215-233
    • Coakley Jr., J.A.1
  • 29
    • 3843093720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar zenith angle dependence of solar radiation reflected from inhomogeneous clouds
    • _, T. Vârnai, and R. Davies, 1997: Solar zenith angle dependence of solar radiation reflected from inhomogeneous clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9387-9395.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 9387-9395
    • Vârnai, T.1    Davies, R.2
  • 30
    • 0032463891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sub-pixel scale cloud-top structure on reflectances from overcast stratiform cloud layers
    • _, T. Vârnai, and D. M. Winker, 1998: Influence of sub-pixel scale cloud-top structure on reflectances from overcast stratiform cloud layers. J. Almos. Sei., 55, 2960-2973.
    • (1998) J. Almos. Sei. , vol.55 , pp. 2960-2973
    • Vârnai, T.1    Winker, D.M.2
  • 32
    • 0029473114 scopus 로고
    • The verisimilitude of the independent pixel approximation used in cloud remote sensing
    • _, _, _, and G. Titov, 1995b: The verisimilitude of the independent pixel approximation used in cloud remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ., 52, 71-78.
    • (1995) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.52 , pp. 71-78
    • Titov, G.1
  • 33
    • 0031701880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlocal independent pixel approximation: Direct and inverse problems
    • _, _, R. F. Cahalan, and W. Wiscombe, 1998: Nonlocal independent pixel approximation: Direct and inverse problems. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 192-205.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.36 , pp. 192-205
    • Cahalan, R.F.1    Wiscombe, W.2
  • 34
    • 0001509710 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of visible radiation by finite clouds
    • McKee, T. B., and S. K. Cox, 1974: Scattering of visible radiation by finite clouds. J. Atmos. Sei., 31, 1885-1892.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.31 , pp. 1885-1892
    • McKee, T.B.1    Cox, S.K.2
  • 35
    • 0024527493 scopus 로고
    • Viewing zenith angle dependence of cloudiness determined from coincident GOES east and west data
    • Minnis, P., 1989: Viewing zenith angle dependence of cloudiness determined from coincident GOES east and west data. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2303-2320.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 2303-2320
    • Minnis, P.1
  • 36
    • 0028792703 scopus 로고
    • Systematic effects of randomness in radiative transfer
    • Newman, W. I., J. K. Lew, G. L. Siscoe, and R. G. Fovell, 1995: Systematic effects of randomness in radiative transfer. J. Atmos. Sei., 52, 427-435.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.52 , pp. 427-435
    • Newman, W.I.1    Lew, J.K.2    Siscoe, G.L.3    Fovell, R.G.4
  • 38
    • 0031656790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plane-parallel albedo biases from satellite observations. Part I: Dependence on resolution and other factors
    • _, and R. Davies, 1998: Plane-parallel albedo biases from satellite observations. Part I: Dependence on resolution and other factors. J. Climate, 11, 919-932.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 919-932
    • Davies, R.1
  • 40
    • 0027526811 scopus 로고
    • Universal multifraclals: Theory and observation for rain and clouds
    • Tessier, Y., S. Lovejoy, and D. Schertzer, 1993: Universal multifraclals: Theory and observation for rain and clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 223-250.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.32 , pp. 223-250
    • Tessier, Y.1    Lovejoy, S.2    Schertzer, D.3
  • 42
    • 0021639145 scopus 로고
    • Stratocumulus cloud field reflected fluxes: The effect of cloud shape
    • Welch, R. M., and B. A. Wielicki, 1984: Stratocumulus cloud field reflected fluxes: The effect of cloud shape. J. Atmos. Sei., 41, 3085-3102.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.41 , pp. 3085-3102
    • Welch, R.M.1    Wielicki, B.A.2
  • 43
    • 0002242748 scopus 로고
    • Solar Radiation and Clouds. Meteor
    • Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • _, S. K. Cox, and J. M. Davis, 1980: Solar Radiation and Clouds. Meteor. Monogr., No. 39, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96 pp.
    • (1980) Monogr., No. , vol.39 , pp. 96
    • Cox, S.K.1    Davis, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 0342713844 scopus 로고
    • Albedo and reflected radiance of horizontally inhomogeneous clouds
    • Wendung, P., 1977: Albedo and reflected radiance of horizontally inhomogeneous clouds. J. Atmos. Sei., 34, 642-650.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sei. , vol.34 , pp. 642-650
    • Wendung, P.1
  • 45
    • 0032571198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the validity of the independent pixel approximation for boundary layer clouds observed during ASTEX
    • Zuidema, P., and K. E Evans, 1998: On the validity of the independent pixel approximation for boundary layer clouds observed during ASTEX. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6059-6074.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 6059-6074
    • Zuidema, P.1    Evans, K.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.