Reservoirs and Other Artificial Water Bodies

The Lakes Handbook

Volumn 2-2, Issue , 2007, Pages 300-327

  Straškraba, Milan ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Artificial water bodies; Limnology of reservoirs; Morphological zonation; Natural lakes; Reservoirs

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547753337     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470750506.ch12     Document Type: Chapter

References (130)

1. Agostinho, A.A., Miranda, L.E., Bini, L.M., et.al (1999) Patterns of colonization in neotropical reservoirs and prognoses on aging. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Sao Carlos, 227-65.
2. Alasaarela, E., Virtanen, M. & Koponen, J. (1993) The Bothnian Bay Project-past, present and future. Aqua Fennica, 23, 117-24.
3. Ambrose, R.B., Wool, P.E.T.A., Connoly, J.P. & Schanz, R.W. (1988) ASP 4, a Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model: Model Theory, User's Manual and Programmer's Guide. Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 48 pp.
4. Arruda, J.A., Marzolf, G.R. & Faulk, R.T. (1983) The role of suspended sediments in the nutrition of zooplankton in turbid reservoirs. Ecology, 64, 1225-35.
5. Asaeda, T., Priyantha, D.G.N., Saitoh, S. & Gotoh, K. (1996) A new technique for controlling algal blooms in the withdrawal zone of reservoirs using vertical curtains. Ecological Engineering, 7, 95-104.
6. Avakyan, A.B. & Iakovleva, V.B. (1998) Status of global reservoirs: the position in the late twentieth century. Lakes and Reservoirs, Research and Management, 3, 45-52.
7. Balon, E.K. & Coche, A.G. (eds)(1974) Lake Kariba: a Man-made Tropical Ecosystem. Dr W Junk, The Hague, 247 pp.
8. Barbosa, F.A.R., Padisák, J., Espíndola, E.L.G. et.al (1999) The cascading reservoir continuum concept (CRCC) and its application to the River Tieté basin, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Sao Carlos, 425-37.
9. Bedford, K.W., Sykes, R.M. & Libicki, C., 1983. Dynamic advective water quality model for rivers. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 109, 535-54.
10. Beeton, A.M. (1984) The world's great lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 10, 106-13.
11. Benndorf, J. (1973) Prognose des Stoffhaushaltes von Staugewässern mit Hilfe kontinuerliche und semikon-tinuerliche biologischer Modelle. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 58, 1-18.
12. Benndorf, J. & Recknagel, F. (1982) Problems of application of the ecological model SALMO to lakes and reservoirs having various trophic status. Ecological Modelling, 17, 129-45.
13. Benndorf, J., Zesch, M. & Weisner, E.M. (1975) Prognose der Phytoplankton-entwicklung in geplanten Talsperren durch Kombination von wachsturmkinerischen Modellvorstellungen und Analogiebetrachtungen zu bestehenden Talsperren. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 60, 737-58.
14. Bernhardt, H. & Schell, H. (1979) The technical concept of phosphorus elimination at the Wahnbach estuary using floc-filtration (The Wahnbach system). Zeitschrift fhr Wasser-und Abwasser Forschung, 12, 78-88.
15. Berzins, B. & Bertilsson, J. (1989) On limnic micro-crustaceans and trophic degree. Hydrobiologia, 185, 95-100.
16. Biggs, B.J.F., Duncan, M.J., Jowett, I.G., et.al (1990) Ecological characterization, classification and modeling New Zealand rivers; an introduction and synthesis. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Science, 24, 277-304.
17. Biggs, B.J.F., Stevenson, J.R. & Lowe, R.L. (1998) A habitat matrix conceptual model for stream periphyton. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 143, 21-56.
18. Carvalho, N. de O. (1988) Sediment yield in the Velhas River (Minas Gerais, Brazil). In: Bordas, M.P. & Walling, D.E. (eds), Sediment Budgets. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, 369-75.
19. Cassidy, R.A. (1989) Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity control in reservoir releases. In: Gore, J.A. & Petts, G.E. (eds), Alternatives in River Regulation Management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 27-62.
20. Chalar, G. & Tundisi, J.G. (1999) Main processes in the water column determined by wind and rainfall at Lobo (Broa) Reservoir. Implications for phosphorus cycling. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Säo Carlos, 53-65.
21. Chang, N.-B., Wen, C.G., Chen, Y.L. & Yong, Y.C. (1996) A grey, fuzzy multiobjective programming approach for the optimal planning of a reservoir watershed. Part A: theoretical development. Water Research, 30, 2329-34.
22. Chapra, S.C. & Canale, R.P. (1991) Long term phenologi-cal model of phosphorus and oxygen for stratified lakes. Water Research, 25, 707-15.
23. Chorus, I. & Bartram, J. (1999) Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water. E.& F.N. Spon, London, 416 pp.
24. Codd, G.A. (1995) Cyanobacterial toxins: occurrence, properties and biological significance. Water Science and Technology, 32, 149-56.
25. Cullen, P. (1991) Responses to changing nutrient inputs over a twenty-year period in Lake Burley-Griffin. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 24, 1471-76.
26. DePinto, J.V. & Rodgers, P.W. (1994) Development of GEO-WAMS: a modelling support system for integrating GIS with watershed analysis models. Lake and Reservoir Management, 9, 68-9.
27. Dolman, W.B. (1990) Classification of Texas Reservoirs in relation to limnology and fish community associations. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, 511-20.
28. Falkner, G., Falkner, R. & Schwab, A. (1989) Bioenergetic characterisation of transient state phosphate uptake by the Cyanobacterium. Anacystis nidulans. Archives of Microbiology, 152, 353-61.
29. Ferguson, A.J.D. & Harper, D.M. (1982) Rutland Water phytoplankton-development of an asset or a nuisance? Hydrobiologia, 88, 117-33.
30. Fernando, C.H., Holcik, J. (1991) Fish in reservoirs. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 76, 149-67.
31. Filho, M.C.A., de Jesus, J.A.O., Branski, J.M. & Hernandez, J.A.M. (1990) Mathematical modelling for reservoir water quality management through hydraulic structures: a case study. Ecological Modelling, 52, 73-85.
32. Fisk, D.W. (1989) Wetlands: Concerns and Successes. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD, 212 pp.
33. Fontane, D.F., Labadie, J.W. & Loftis, B. (1981) Optimal control of reservoir discharge quality through selective withdrawal. Water Resources Research, 17, 1594-604.
34. Gaillard, J. (1984) Multilevel withdrawal and water quality. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 110, 123-5.
35. Goda, T. & Matsuoka, Y. (1986) Synthesis and analysis of a comprehensive lake model-with the evaluation of diversity of ecosystems. Ecological Modelling, 31, 11-32.
36. Gons, H.J., Burger-Wiersma, T., Otten, J.H. & Rijkboer, M. (1992) Coupling of phytoplankton and detritus in a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Loosdrecht, The Netherlands). Hydrobiologia, 233, 51-9.
37. Gorham, E. & Boyce, F.M. (1989) Influence of lake surface area and depth on thermal stratification and the depth of the summer thermocline. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 15, 233-45.
38. Grimard, Y. & Jones, H.G. (1982) Trophic upsurge in new reservoirs; a model for total phosphorus concentrations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 1473-83.
39. Haindl, K. (1973) Suitable location of bottom outlets of dams and oxidation outlets for the improvement of water quality in rivers. In. Research and Practice in the Water Environment, Vol. II, Fifteenth Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Istanbul, 1973. State Hydraulic Works of Turkey, Istanbul, 187-94.
40. Hamilton, D.P. & Schadlow, S.G. (1997) Prediction of water quality in lakes and reservoirs. Part I. Model description. Ecological Modelling, 96, 91-110.
41. Hammer, D.A. & Knight, R.L. (1994) Designing constructed wetlands for nitrogen removal. Water Science and Technology, 29, 15-27.
42. Hanna, M. (1990) Evaluation of models for predicting mixing depth. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 940-7.
43. Hanson, M.J. & Stefan, H.G. (1984) Side effects of 58 years of copper sulphate treatment of the Fairmont Lakes, Minnesota. Water Resources Bulletin, 20, 889-900.
44. Henry, R. (1999) Heat budgets, thermal structure and dissolved oxygen in Brazilian reservoirs. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, São Carlos, 125-51.
45. Hocking, G. & Straškraba, M. (1994) An analysis of the effect of an upstream reservoir by means of a mathematical model of reservoir hydrodynamics. Water Science and Technology, 30, 91-8.
46. Holz, J.C., Hoagland, K.D., Spawn, R.L., et.al (1997) Phytoplankton community response to reservoir aging, 1968-1992. Hydrobiologia, 346, 183-92.
47. Horstman, H.K., Copp, R.S. & Browne, F.X. (1983) Use of predictive phosphorus model to evaluate hypolim-netic discharge scenarios of Lake Wallenpupack. In. Lake and Reservoir Management. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, 165-70.
48. Howarth, R.W., Billen, G., Swaney, D., et.al (1996) Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry, 20, 1-65.
49. Hrbáček, J., Dvořaková J., Kořĺnek, V. & Procháková, L. (1961) Demonstration of the effect of fish stock on the species composition of zooplankton and the intensity of the whole plankton association. Verhandlungen International Vereinigung Limnologie, 14, 192-5.
50. Hughes, R.M., Whittier, T.R., Thiele, S.A. & Pollard J.E. (1992) Lake and stream indicators for U.S. EPA's environmental monitoring and assessment program. In: McKenzie, D. (ed.) Ecological Indicators. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 305-36.
51. ICOLD (1984) World Register of Dams. International Commission On Large Dams, Paris.
52. Imberger, J. & Patterson, J.C. (1981) A dynamic reservoir simulation model, DYRESM-5. In: Fischer, H.G. (ed.), Transport Models for Inland and Coastal waters. Academic Press, New York, 310-61.
53. Imberger, J. & Patterson, J.C. (1990) Physical limnology. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 27, 303-475.
54. Istvánovics, V. & Somlyódy, L. (1998) The role of sediments in P retention of the Kis-Balaton reservoir. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 83, 225-33.
55. Izaguirre, G. & Devall, J. (1995) Resource control and management of taste-and-odor problems. In: Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J. & Kawczynski, E. (eds), Advances in Taste-and-odor Treatment and Control. American Waterworks Association, Denver, 23-74.
56. Javornický, P. (1966) Light as the main factor limiting the development of diatoms in the Slapy Reservoir, 1958-1960. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 16, 701-12.
57. Kelly, C.A., Rudd, J.W.M., Hesslein, R.H., et.al (1987) Prediction of biological acid neutralization in acid-sensitive lakes. Biogeochemistry, 3, 85-90.
58. Kennedy, R.H. (1999) Reservoir design and operation: limnological implications and management opportunities. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Säo Carlos, 1-28.
59. Kimmel, B.L. & Groeger, A.W. (1986) Limnological and ecological change associated with reservoir ageing. In: Hall, G.E. & Van Den Avyle, M.J. (eds), Reservoir Fisheries Management. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, 103-9.
60. Kirk, J.T.O. (1994) Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 528 pp.
61. Kubečka, J. (1993) Succession of fish communities in reservoirs of central and eastern Europe. In: Straškraba, M., Tundisi, J.G. & Duncan, A. (eds), Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 153-68.
62. Magmedov, V.G., Zacharenko, M.A., Yakovleva, L.I. & Ince, M.E. (1996) The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment and runoff and drainage waters: the UK and Ukraine experience. Water Science and Technology, 33, 315-24.
63. Malin, V. (1984) A general lake water quality index. Aqua Fennica, 14, 139-45.
64. Margalef, R. (1960) Ideas for synthetic approach to the ecology of running waters. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 45, 133-53.
65. Margalef, R. (1975) Typology of reservoirs. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 19, 1841-8.
66. Margalef, R., Planas, D., Armengol, J., et.al (1976) Lim-nologia de los embalses españoles. Dirección General des Obras Hidrólicas, Madrid, 421 pp.
67. Matsumura-Tundisi, T. & Rocha, O. (1983) Occurrence of copepods (Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacti-coida) from Broa Reservoir (Säo Carlos, Säo Paulo, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biológia, 13, 1-17.
68. Mazumder, A. & Taylor, W.D. (1994) Thermal structure of lakes varying in size and water clarity. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 968-76.
69. Mitchell, D.S., Pieterse, A.H. & Murphy K. (1990) Aquatic weed problems and management in Africa. In: Pieterse, A.H. & Murphy, K. (eds), Aquatic Weeds. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 341-54.
70. Mobley, M.H. & Harshbarger, E.D. (1987) Epilimnetic pumps to improve reservoir releases. In: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Proceedings of a Workshop on Reservoir Releases. U.S Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, 133-5.
71. Molot, L.A., Dillon, P.J., Clark, B.J. & Neary, B.P. (1992) Predicting end-of-summer oxygen profiles in stratified lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and aquatic Sciences, 49, 2363-72.
72. Neiff, J.J. (1986) Aquatic plants of the Paraná system. In: Davies, B.R. & Walker, K.F. (eds), The Ecology of River Systems. Dr W. Junk bv, Dordrecht, 557-71.
73. Newrkla, P. & Duncan, A. (1984) The biology and density o. Ehirava fluviatilis (Clupeoid) in Parakrama Samudra (Sri Lanka). Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 22, 1572-78.
74. Nilssen, J.P. (1984) Tropical lakes: functional ecology and future development. The need for a process-orientated approach. Hydrobiologia, 113, 231-42.
75. Oda, T., Sakagami, M. & Ito, H. (2000) Size-selective continuous-flow filtration method for the detection o. Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Water Research, 34, 4477-81.
76. Ostrofsky, M.L. (1978) Trophic changes in reservoirs; an hypothesis using phosphorus models. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 64, 481-99.
77. Padisák J. (1997) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolszynska) Seenayya et Suba Raju, an expanding, highly adaptive Cyanobacterium: worldwide distribution and review of its ecology. Archiv für Hydrobiologie (Supplement), 107, 563-93.
78. Pařĺzek, J. (1984) Využitĺ efekt. (čisté vrstvy. In: Straškraba, M., Brandl, Z. & Porcalová (eds), Hydrobiologie a kvalita vody údolnich nadrží. ČSTVS, České Budějovice, 72-83.
79. Prairie, Y.T., Duarte, C.M. & Kalff, J. (1989) Unifying nutrient-chlorophyll relationships in lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1176-82.
80. Pütz, K. (1995) The importance of pre-reservoirs for the water-quality management of reservoirs. Aqua, 44, 50-5.
81. Quintero, J.E. & Garton J.E. (1973) A low energy lake destratifies. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 16: 973-8.
82. Quirós, R. (1998) Fish effects on trophic relationships in the pelagic zone of lakes. Hydrobiologia, 361, 101-11.
83. Quirós, R. & Boveri, M.B. (1999) Fish effects on reservoir trophic relationships. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Sao Carlos, 529-46.
84. Recknagel, F., Hosomi, M., Fukushima, T. & Kong, D.-S. (1995) Short-and long-term control of external and internal phosphorus loads in lakes -a scenario analysis. WaterResearch, 29, 1767-79.
85. Reynolds, C.S. (1992a) Dynamics, selection and composition of phytoplankton in relation to vertical structure in lakes. Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 35, 13-31.
86. Reynolds, C.S. (1992b) Eutrophication and the management of planktonic algae: what Vollenweider couldn't tell us. In: Sutcliffe, D.W. & Jones, J.G. (eds), Eutrophication: Research and Application to Water Supply. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, 4-29.
87. Reynolds, C.S. (1996) Phosphorus recycling in lakes: evidence from large limnetic enclosures for the importance of shallow sediments. Freshwater Biology, 35, 623-45.
88. Reynolds, C.S. (1999) Phytoplankton assemblages in reservoirs. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, Sao Carlos, 439-56.
89. Riley, M.J. & Stefan, H.G. (1988) Development of the Minnesota lake water quality management model, Minlake. Lake and Reservoir Management, 4, 73-84.
90. Sakamoto, M. (1966) Primary production by the phytoplankton community in some Japanese lakes and its dependence upon lake depth. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 62, 1-28.
91. Sale, M.J., Brill, E.D. & Herricks, E.E. (1982) An approach to optimising reservoir operation for downstream aquatic resources. Water Resources Research, 18, 705-12.
92. Sas, H. (ed, 1989) Lake Restoration by Reduction of Nutrient Loading; Expectations, Experiences, Extrapolations. Academia Verlag Richarz, Skt Augustin, 496 pp.
93. Scheffer, M. (1998) Ecology of Shallow Lakes. Chapman and Hall, Chichester, 357 pp.
94. Scheffer, M., Hosper, H.S., Meijer, M.-L., et.al (1993) Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 275-9.
95. Schindler, Z. & Straškraba, M. (1982) OptimálnÍ řÍzenÍ eutrofizace údolnich nádržÍ. Vodohospodársky (časopis SAV, 30, 536-48.
96. Schulte, T.L. & Lackey, R.T. (1973) Effect of rate of water discharge on phytoplankton in Claytor Lake, Virginia. Proceedings of the Annual Conferences of the South Eastern Association of Game and Fisheries Commissioners, 27, 402-14.
97. Søballe, D.M., Kimmel, B.L., Kennedy, R.H. & Gaugash, R.F. (1992) Reservoirs. In: Hackney, C.T., Adams, S.M. & Martin, W.H. (eds), Biodiversity of the Southern United States: Aquatic Communities. Wiley & Sons, New York, 421-74.
98. Søndergaard, M. & Moss, B. (1998) Impact of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton in shallow lakes. In: Jeppesen, E., Søndergaard, M., Søndergaard, M. & Christoffersen, K. (eds), The Structuring Role of Submerged Macrophytes in Lakes. Springer-Verlag, New York, 115-32.
99. Stauffer, R.E. (1987) Effects of oxygen transport on the areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit. Water Resources Research, 23, 1887-92.
100. Steel, J.A. & Duncan, A. (1999) Modelling the ecological aspects of bankside reservoirs and implications for management. Hydrobiologia, 395/396, 133-47.
101. Stefan, H.G., Hondzo, M., Eaton, J.G. & McCormick, J.H. (1995) Predicted effects of global climate change on fishes in Minnesota lakes. In Beamish, R.J., (ed). Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 57-72.
102. Straškraba, M. (1973) Limnological basis for modelling reservoir ecosystems. In: Ackerman, C., White, E.G. & Worthington, E.B. (eds), The Functioning of Freshwater Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 517-35.
103. Straškraba, M. (1991) Geographical differences of lake and reservoir productivity. Biologia acuatica, 15, 36-7.
104. Straškraba, M. (1999) Retention time as a key variable of reservoir limnology. In: Tundisi, J.G. & Straškraba, M. (eds) Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. International Institute for Ecology, São Carlos, 385-410.
105. Straškraba M. & Gnauck, A. (1985) Freshwater Ecosystems, Modelling and Simulation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 309 pp.
106. Straškraba, M. & Mauersberger, P. (1988) Some simulation models of water quality management of shallow lakes and reservoirs and a contribution to ecosystem theory. In: Mitsch, W.J., Straškraba, M. & Jørgensen, S.-E. (eds), Wetland Modelling. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 153-76.
107. Straškraba, M. & Tundisi, J.G. (1999) Guidelines of Lake Management, Vol.9, Reservoir Water Quality Management. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation, Kusatsu, 229 pp.
108. Straškraba, M., Tundisi, J.G. & Duncan, A. (eds)(1993a) Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management. Developments in Hydrobiology, Vol. 77, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 291 pp.
109. Straškraba, M., Tundisi, J.G. & Duncan, A. (1993b). State-of-the-art of reservoir limnology and water quality management. In Straškraba, M., Tundisi, J.G. & Duncan, A. (eds), Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management. Developments in Hydrobiology, Vol. 77, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 213-88.
110. Straškraba, M., Dostálková, M., Hejzlar, J. & Vynhálek, V. (1995) The effect of reservoirs on phosphorus concentration. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 80, 403-13.
111. Straškrabová, V. (1976) Self-purification of impoundments. Water Research, 9, 1171-7.
112. Straškrabová, V., Komárková, J. & Vynhálek, V. (1993) Degradation of organic substances in reservoirs. Water Science and Technology, 28, 95-104.
113. Strycker, L. (1988) Decaying dam holds tide of trouble. The Register-Guard, Eugene, Oregon, 121, 1-8.
114. Suffet, I.H., Ho, J., Chou, D., et.al (1995) Resource control and management of taste-and-odor problems. In: Suffet, I.H., Mallevialle, J. & Kawczynski, E. (eds), Advances in Taste-and-odor Treatment and Control. American Waterworks Association, Denver, 1-21.
115. Szewzyk, U., Szewzyk, R. & Manz, W. (2000) Microbiological safety of drinking water. Annual Reviews of Microbiology, 54, 81-127.
116. Talling, J.F. (1976) The depletion of carbon dioxide from lake water by phytoplankton. Journal of Ecology, 64, 79-121.
117. Thanh, N.C. & Biswas, A. (1990) Environmentally-Sound Water Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
118. Thornton, K.W., Kimmel, B.L. & Payne, F.E. (1990) Reservoir Limnology. Wiley, Chichester.
119. Townsend, S.A., Luong-Van, T. & Boland, K.T. (1996) Retention time as a primary determinant of colour and light attenuation in two tropical Australian reservoirs. Freshwater Biology, 36, 57-69.
120. Tundisi, J.G. (1984) Estratificacío hidráulica en reser-vatórios e suas consequéncias ecolôgicas. Ciéncias e Cultura, 36, 1489-96.
121. Tundisi, J.G. (1994) Tropical South America; present and perspectives. In Margalef R. (ed.). Limnology now; a paradigm of planetary problems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 352-424.
122. Twinch, A.J. & Grobler, D.C. (1986) Pre-impoundment as a eutrophication management option: simulation of the Hartbeespoort Dam. Water South Africa, 12, 19-26.
123. Uhlmann, D., Benndorf, J. & Albert, W. (1971) Prognose des Stoffhaushaltes von tagewässern mit Hilfe kontinuierlicher oder semikontinuierlicher Modelle. I. Grundlagen. Internationale Revue des gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 513-39.
124. Virtanen, M., Koponen, J., Dahlbo, K. & Sarkkula, J. (1986) Three-dimensional water-quality transport model compared with field observations. Ecological Modelling, 31, 185-99.
125. Vollenweider, R.A. & Kerekes, J. (1980) The loading concept as basis for controlling eutrophication philosophy and preliminary results of the OECD programme on eutrophication. Progress in Water Technology, 12, 5-38.
126. Ward, J.V. & Stanford, J.A. (1983) The serial discontinuity concept of lotic ecosystems. In: Fontaine, T.D. & Bartell, S.M. (eds), Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, 29-42.
127. Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C. & McBride, G.B. (1986) The 'data-rich but information-poor' syndrome in water quality monitoring. Environmental Management, 10, 291-8.
128. Williams, W.D. & Aladin, N.V. (1991) The Aral Sea: recent limnological changes and their conservation significance. Aquatic Conservation, 1, 3-23.
129. Wool, T.A., Martin J.L. & Schottman, R.W. (1994) The linked watershed/waterbody model (LWWM): a watershed management modeling system. Lake and ReservoirManagement, 9, 124-5.
130. Zalewski, M., Frankiewicz, P. & Nowak, M. (1995) Biomanipulation by ecotone management in a lowland reservoir. Hydrobiologia, 303, 49-60.