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International Affairs
Volumn 83, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 707-727
Global social justice at the WTO? The role of NGOs in constructing global social contracts
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EID: 34547503843     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00648.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)
References (17)
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    • pp. See., accessed 22 May. 2007. Falk, Predatory globalization, pp. 127-36.
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    • The misguided debate over NGO participation at the WTO
    • pp. Charnovitz, 'Opening the WTO to non-governmental interests'. Robert J. O'Brien, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Aart Scholte and Marc A. Williams, Contesting global governance: multilateral economic institutions and global social movements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 83. See., and., accessed 22 May 2007. These are conventions 87, 98, 29, 105, 100, 111, and 138. See., accessed 22 May 2007.
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    • Labor diplomacy: a revitalized aspect of US foreign policy in the era of globalization
    • pp. O'Brien et al., Contesting global governance, p. 89. O'Brien et al., Contesting global governance, pp. 85-6. See., accessed 22 May 2007. WTO, Singapore Ministerial Declaration, 1996, accessed 22 May 2007. The code can be accessed at the Clean Clothes Campaign website, accessed 9 Dec. 2005. See the websites at., and., accessed 22 May 2007.
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  • 10
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    • Time to scale up cooperation? Trade Unions, NGOs and the international anti-sweatshop movement
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    • Tim Connor Time to scale up cooperation? Trade Unions, NGOs and the international anti-sweatshop movement Development in Practice 14 : 1, pp. 61 70.
    • Development in Practice , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-70
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  • 11
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    • Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations
    • pp. ;
    • Nathan Ford Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations Journal of Generic Medicines 1 : 2, 2004, pp. 137 45.
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    • Patents and pills, power and procedure: the North- South politics of public health in the WTO
    • pp. Ford, 'Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations', p. 139. Ford, 'Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations', p. 139. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association and others v. P resident of the Republic of South Africa and others (1998), Case no. 4183/98 (filed 18 Feb. 1998). Ford, 'Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations', p. 140.
    • Kenneth C. Shadlen Patents and pills, power and procedure: the North- South politics of public health in the WTO Studies in Comparative International Development 39 : 3, 2004, pp. 76 108.
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  • 13
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    • TRIPS, pharmaceutical patents and access to essential medicines: a long way from Seattle to Doha
    • pp. In this context, issuing a compulsory licence involves a government forcing a patent holder (the owner of the intellectual property) to allow either the govenment or others to use the intellectual property. The motivation for issuing a compulsory licence is that previous attempts to obtain a licence under reasonable commercial terms have consistently failed. The patent holder may or may not receive royalties. See
    • Ellen F. M. T. Hoen TRIPS, pharmaceutical patents and access to essential medicines: a long way from Seattle to Doha Chicago Journal of International Law 3 : 1, 2002, pp. 27 46.
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    • Using ideas strategically: the contest between business and NGO networks in intellectual property rights
    • and. pp. Hoen, 'TRIPS, pharmaceutical patents and access to essential medicines', p. 46; Amsterdam statement to WTO member states on access to medicines, accessed 22 May 2007.
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    • Sell, S.K.1    Prakash, A.2
  • 15
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    • The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: lighting a dark corner at the WTO
    • pp. ; See also t Hoen, 'TRIPS, pharmaceutical patents and access to essential medicines', pp. 27-46. Sell and Prakash, 'Using ideas strategically', p. 161. Oxfam International, 'The right to medicines, or the right to profi t from medicines', Oxfam press release, 14 Nov. 2002, accessed 9 Dec. 2006. Ford, 'Patents, access to medicines and the role of non-governmental organizations', p. 141. WTO, Doha Ministerial Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, para. 4, WTO doc. no. WT/MIN (01)/DEC/2 (2001).
    • Frederick M. Abbot The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: lighting a dark corner at the WTO Journal of International Economic Law 5 : 2, 2002, pp. 469 505.
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    • Abbot, F.M.1
  • 16
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    • TRIPS, pharmaceuticals, developing countries, and the Doha "solution"
    • pp. ; Ellen F. M. t Hoen, 'TRIPS, pharmaceutical patents and access to essential medicines: Seattle, Doha and beyond', in J. P. Moatti, B. Coriat, Y. Souteyrand, B. Barnett, J. Dumoulin and Y. A. Flori, eds, Economics of AIDS and access to HIV/AIDS care in developing countries: issues and challenges (Paris: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida, 2003);
    • Alan O. Sykes TRIPS, pharmaceuticals, developing countries, and the Doha "solution" Chicago Journal of International Law 3 : 1, 2002, pp. 47 69.
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  • 17
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    • Transnational civil society and the national identity question in East Asia
    • pp. The limitations of our case-studies and space constraints prevent us from exploring in detail here the causal mechanisms involved in alliances between NGOs and developing states or NGOs and developed states. Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink note that transnational advocacy based on issues of bodily harm has greater potential for success than advocacy on other types of issues. See Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), p. 17.
    • Baogang H. Transnational civil society and the national identity question in East Asia Global Governance 10 : 2, 2004, pp. 227 46.
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    • Baogang, H.1

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