Context Effects on Remembering and Knowing: The Expectancy Heuristic

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 536-549

  McCabe, David P ^a   Balota, David A ^b  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

context; recognition; recollection; remember know; signal detection

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; RECALL; SEMANTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); SEMANTICS; SET (PSYCHOLOGY); SIGNAL DETECTION (PSYCHOLOGY); VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 34547460469     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.536     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Balota D.A., Burgess G.C., Cortese M.J., and Adams D.R. Word-frequency mirror effect in young, old, and early stage Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for two processes in episodic recognition performance. Journal of Memory and Language 46 (2002) 199-226
2. Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. I., Kessler, B., Loftis, B. et al., (in press). The English lexicon project. Behavior Research and Methods
3. Banks W.P. Recognition and source memory as multivariate decision processes. Psychological Science 11 (2000) 267-273
4. Benjamin A.S. Predicting and postdicting the effects of word frequency on memory. Memory & Cognition 31 (2003) 297-305
5. Bodner G.E., and Lindsay D.S. Remembering and knowing in context. Journal of Memory and Language 48 (2003) 563-580
6. Bodner G.E., and Masson M.E.J. Prime validity affects masked repetition priming: Evidence for an episodic resource account of priming. Journal of Memory and Language 45 (2001) 616-647
7. Brown J., Lewis V.J., and Monk A.F. Memorability, word frequency and negative recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29 (1977) 461-473
8. Burgess C., and Lund K. Modelling parsing constraints with high-dimensional context space. Language and Cognitive Processes 12 (1997) 177-210
9. Davis J.C., Lockhart R.S., and Thomson D.M. Repetition and context effects in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 92 (1972) 96-102
10. Donaldson W. The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Memory & Cognition 24 (1996) 523-533
11. Dorfman D., and Glanzer M. List composition effects in lexical decision and recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language 27 (1988) 633-648
12. Dunn J.C. Remember-know: A matter of confidence. Psychological Review 111 (2004) 524-542
13. Gardiner J.M. Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory & Cognition 16 (1988) 309-313
14. Gardiner J.M., Gawlick B., and Richardson-Klavehn A. Maintenance rehearsal affects knowing, not remembering: Elaborative rehearsal affects remembering, not knowing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1 (1994) 107-110
15. Gardiner J.M., and Java R.I. Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition. Memory & Cognition 18 (1990) 23-30
16. Gardiner J.M., Kaminska Z., Dixon M., and Java R.I. Repetition of previously novel melodies sometimes increases both remember and know responses in recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 3 (1996) 366-371
17. Geraci L., and McCabe D.P. Examining the basis for illusory recollection: The role of remember/know instructions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13 (2006) 466-473
18. Glanzer M., and Adams J.K. The mirror effect in recognition memory: Data and theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16 (1990) 5-16
19. Gruppuso V., Lindsay D.S., and Kelley C.M. The process dissociation procedure and similarity: Defining and estimating recollection and familiarity in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 23 (1997) 259-278
20. Guttentag R.E., and Carroll D. Recollection-based recognition: Word frequency effects. Journal of Memory and Language 37 (1997) 502-516
21. Guttentag R.E., and Carroll D. Memorability judgments for high- and low-frequency words. Memory & Cognition 26 (1998) 951-958
22. Hirshman E., and Arndt J. Discriminating alternative conceptions of false recognition: The cases of word frequency and word concreteness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition 23 (1997) 1306-1323
23. Huron C., Giersch A., and Danion J.M. Lorazepam, sedation, and conscious recollection: A dose-response study with healthy volunteers. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 17 (2002) 19-26
24. Jacoby L.L., and Dallas M. On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 110 (1981) 306-340
25. Jacoby L.L., Kelley C., and Dywan J. Memory attributions. In: Roediger H.L., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds). Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (1989), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 391-422
26. Jacoby L.L., Shimizu Y., Velanova K., and Rhodes M.G. Age differences in depth of retrieval: Memory for foils. Journal of Memory and Language 52 (2005) 493-504
27. Joordens S., and Hockley W.E. Recollection and familiarity through the looking glass: When old does not mirror new. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2000) 1534-1555
28. Malmberg K.J., and Murnane K. List composition and the word-frequency effect for recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28 (2002) 616-630
29. McCabe D.P., Presmanes A.G., Robertson C.L., and Smith A.D. Item-specific processing reduces false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11 (2004) 1074-1079
30. McCabe D.P., and Smith A.D. The distinctiveness heuristic in false recognition and false recall. Memory 14 (2006) 570-583
31. Morris C.D., Bransford J.D., and Franks J.J. Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16 (1977) 519-533
32. Nelson D.L., and McEvoy C.L. What is this thing called frequency?. Memory & Cognition 28 (2000) 509-522
33. Norman K.A. Differential effects of list strength on recollection and familiarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28 (2002) 1083-1094
34. Parkin A.J., Gardiner J.M., and Rosser R. Functional aspects of recollective experience in face recognition. Consciousness and Cognition 4 (1995) 387-398
35. Poirier M., and Saint-Aubin J. Immediate serial recall, word frequency, item identity and item position. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 50 (1996) 408-412
36. Rajaram S. Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition 21 (1993) 89-102
37. Rajaram S. Perceptual effects on remembering: Recollective processes in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 22 (1996) 365-377
38. Rajaram S. The effects of conceptual salience and perceptual distinctiveness on conscious recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 5 (1998) 71-78
39. Rajaram S., and Geraci L. Conceptual fluency selectively influences knowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2000) 1070-1074
40. Reder L.M., Nhouyvansivong A., Schunn C.D., Ayers M.S., Angstadt P., and Hiraki K. A mechanistic account of the mirror effect for word frequency: A computational model of remember/know judgments in a continuous recognition paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2000) 294-320
41. Rotello C.M., Macmillan N.A., and Reeder J.A. Sum-difference theory of remembering and knowing: A two-dimensional signal detection model. Psychological Review 111 (2004) 588-616
42. Smith S.M. Remembering in and out of context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5 (1979) 460-471
43. Strack F., and Bless H. Memory for nonoccurences: Metacognition and presuppositional strategies. Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994) 203-217
44. Tulving E. Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology 26 (1985) 1-12
45. Tulving E., and Pearlstone Z. Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5 (1966) 381-391
46. Westerman D.L., and Greene R.L. The revelation that the revelation effect is not due to revelation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 24 (1998) 377-386
47. Westerman D.L., Lloyd M.L., and Miller J.M. On the attribution of perceptual fluency in recognition memory: The role of expectation. Journal of Memory and Language 47 (2002) 607-617
48. Wheeler M.A., Stuss D.T., and Tulving E. Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bulletin 121 (1997) 331-354
49. Whittlesea B.W.A., and Williams L.D. The source of feelings of familiarity: The discrepancy-attribution hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2000) 547-565
50. Wilson M.D. The MRC psycholinguistic database: Machine readable dictionary, Version 2. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 20 (1988) 6-11
51. Wixted J.T., and Stretch V. In defense of the signal-detection interpretation of remember/know judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11 (2004) 616-641
52. Yonelinas A.P. Consciousness, control and confidence: The three Cs of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 361-379
53. Yonelinas A.P. The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language 46 (2002) 441-517
54. Yonelinas A.P., and Jacoby L.L. The relation between remembering and knowing as bases for recognition: Effects of size congruency. Journal of Memory and Language 34 (1995) 622-643
55. Yonelinas A.P., Kroll N.E.A., Dobbins I.G., Lazzara M., and Knight R.T. Recollection and familiarity deficits in amnesia: Convergence of remember/know, process dissociation, and receiver operating characteristic data. Neuropsychology 12 (1998) 1-17