Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 7, Issue 14, 2007, Pages 3933-3956

  Stickler, A ^a,d   Fischer, H ^a   Bozem, H ^a   Gurk, C ^a   Schiller, C ^b   Martinez Harder, M ^a   Kubistin, D ^a   Harder, H ^a   Williams, J ^a   Eerdekens, G ^a   Yassaa, N ^a   Ganzeveld', L ^a,c   Sander, R ^a   Lelieveld, J ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d Land Climate Dynamics Group   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CARBON MONOXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; GAS EXCHANGE; GAS TRANSPORT; LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; TRACE GAS;

AFRICA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (TROPICAL); GUYANA; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 34547430464     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-3933-2007     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Baer, M. and Nester, K.: Parameterization of trace gas dry deposition velocities for a regional mesoscale diffusion model, Ann. Geophys., 10, 912-923, 1992, http://www.ann-geophys.net/10/912/1992/.
2. x dependence of isoprene oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11310, doi:10.1029/2003JD003965, 2004.
3. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Koeppel, C., Röckmann, T., Scharffe, D. S., Bräunlich, M., and Gros, V.: Absolute measurement of the abundance of atmospheric carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10003-10010, 2001.
4. Carvalho, L. R. F., Vasconcellos, P. C., Mantovani, W., Pool, C. S., and Pisani, S. O.: Measurements of biogenic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds emitted by forest trees from temperate warm Atlantic rainforest, Brazil, J. Environ. Monit., 7, 493-499, 2005.
5. Chang, C.-T., Liu, T.-H., and Jeng, F-T.: Atmospheric concentrations of the Cl atom, ClO radical, and HO radical in the coastal marine boundary layer, Environ. Res., 94, 67-74, 2004.
6. Chatfield, R. B., Vastano, J. A., Li, L., Sachse, G. W., and Connors, V. S.: The Great African plume from biomass burning: Generalizations from a three-dimensional study of TRACE A carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28059-28077, 1998.
7. 2 and CO between soil and atmosphere: Field studies in subtropical regions, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5699-5709, 1985.
8. de Reus, M., Fischer, H., Sander, R., Gros, V., Kormann, R., Salisbury, G., van Dingenen, R., Williams, J., Zöllner, M., and Lelieveld, J.: Observations and model calculations of trace gas scavenging in a dense Saharan dust plume during MINATROC, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1787-1803, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1787/2005/.
9. Dillon, M. B., Lamanna, M. S., Schade, G. W., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: Chemical evolution of the Sacramento urban plume: Transport and oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D5), doi: 10.1029/2001JD000969, 2002.
10. x in the upper troposphere during SONEX, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3771-3783, 2000.
11. Fan, J. and Zhang, R.: Atmospheric oxidation mechanism, of isoprene, Environ. Chem., 1, 140-149, 2004.
12. Fehsenfeld, F., Calvert, J., Fall, R., Goldan, P., Guenther, A. B., Hewitt, C. N., Lamb, B., Liu, S., Trainer, M., Westberg, H., and Zimmerman, P.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6, 389-430, 1992.
13. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N. (Eds.): Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere, Academic Press, London (UK), 2000.
14. Ganzeveld, L., Klemm, O., Rappenglück, B., and ValverdeCanossa, J.: Evaluation of meteorological, parameters over a coniferous forest in a single-column chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Environ., 40, S21-S27, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01. 061, 2006a.
15. Ganzeveld, L., Valverde-Canossa, J., Moortgat, G. K., and Steinbrecher, R.: Evaluation ofperoxi.de exchanges over a coniferous forest in a single-column chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Environ., 40, S68-S80, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2006.01.062, 2006b.
16. Ganzeveld, L. N., Lelieveld, J., Dentener, R J., Krol, M. C., and Roelofs, G.-J.: Atmosphere-biosphere trace gas exchanges simulated with a single-column model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4320, doi:10.1029/2001JD000684, 2002.
17. 3, isoprene, and other reactive trace gases in and above a forest canopy, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18 339-18 353, 1993.
18. Hall, B. D. and Claiborn, C. S.: Measurements of the dry deposition of peroxides to a Canadian boreal forest, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29343-29 353, 1997.
19. 2) radicals, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 5979-5989, 2004.
20. Heikes, B., Lee, M., Jacob, D., Talbot, R., Bradshaw, J., Singh, H., Blake, D., Anderson, B., Fuelberg, H., and Thompson, A. M.: Ozone, hydroperoxides, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbon budgets in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24221-24234, 1996.
21. Helas, G., Bingemer, H., and Andreae, M. 0.: Organic-acids over equatorial Africa - Results from DECAFE-88, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6187-6193, 1992.
22. Holton, J. R. (Ed.): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, vol. 48 of International Geophysics Series, Academic Press, London (UK), 1992.
23. Jacob, D. J. and Wofsy, S. C.: Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1477-1486, 1988.
24. Jacob, D. J. and. Wofsy, S. C.: Budgets of reactive nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and ozone over the Amazon-forest during the wet season, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16737-16754, 1990.
25. Junkermann, W. and Stockwell, W. R.: On the budget of photooxidants in the marine boundary layer of the tropical South Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8039-8046, 1999.
26. Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M.: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): An overview on emission, physiology and ecology, J. Atmos. Chem., 33, 23-88, 1999.
27. Kirchhoff, V. W. J. H. and Marinho, E. V. A.: Surface carbon monoxide measurements in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16933-16943, 1990.
28. Krinke, S. M. W.: Experimentelle Bestimmung der Depositionsgeschwindigkeit von Formaldehyd und Ozon über einem Laubwaldbestand, PhD thesis, University Stuttgart, Faculty of Chemistry, 1999.
29. Lazrus, A. L., Kok, G. L., Gitlin, S. N., and Lind, J. A.: Automated fluorometrie method for hydrogen peroxide in atmospheric precipitation, Anal. Chem., 57, 917-922, 1985.
30. Lazrus, A. L., Kok, G. L., Lind, J. A., Gitlin, S. N., Heikes, B. G., and Shetter, R. E.: Automated fluorometrie method for hydrogen peroxide in air, Anal. Chem., 58, 594-597, 1986.
31. Loveland, T. R., Reed, B. C., Brown, J. F., Ohlen, D. O., Zhu, Z., Yang, L., and Merchant, J. W: Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from. 1 km. AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 21, 1303-1330, 2000.
32. 13C in atmospheric methane in the Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26 125-26 135, 1999.
33. Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: The role of solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry, in: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, edited by: Boule, P., pp. 1-26, Springer, Heidelberg, 1998.
34. Matthews, J., Sinha, A., and Francisco, J. S.: The importance of weak absorption features in promoting tropospheric radical production, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 102, 7449-7452, 2005.
35. McKeen, S. A., Gierczak, T., Burkholder, J. R., Wennberg, P. O., Hanisco, T. F., Keim, E. R., Gao, R.-S., Liu, S. C., Ravishankara, A. R., and Fahey, D. W: The photochemistry of acetone in the upper troposphere: A source of odd-hydrogen radicals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 3177-3180, 1997.
36. Padhy, P. K. and Varshney, C. K.: Isoprene emission from tropical tree species, Environ. Pollut., 135, 101-109, 2005.
37. Paulson, S. E. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Development and evaluation of a photooxidation mechanism for isoprene, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20703-20715, 1992.
38. Peters, W., Krol, M. C., Fortuin, J. P. F., Kelder, H. M., Thompson, A. M., Becker, C. R., Lelieveld, J., and Crutzen, P. J.: Tropospheric ozone over a tropical Atlantic station in the Northern Hemisphere: Paramaribo, Surinam (6° N, 55° W), Tellus, 56B, 21-34, 2004.
39. 12C ratios in atmospheric methane, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2393-2399, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/2393/ 2004/.
40. Pöschl, U., von Kuhlmann, R., Poisson, N., and Crutzen, P. J.: Development and intercomparison of condensed isoprene oxidation mechanisms for global atmospheric modeling, J. Atmos. Chem., 37, 29-52, 2000.
41. Price, H. U., Jaffe, D. A., Cooper, O. R., and Doskey, P. V.: Photochemistry, ozone production, and dilution during long-range transport episodes from Eurasia to the northwest United States, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S13, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004400, 2004.
42. Quesada, J., Grossmann, D., Fernández, E., Romero, J., Sanhueza, E., Moortgat, G., and Crutzen, P. J.: Ground based gas phase measurements in Surinam, during the LBA-CLAIRE 98 experiment, J. Atmos. Chem., 39, 15-36, 2001.
43. Roeckner, E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Christoph, M., Claussen, M., Dümenil, L., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Schlese, U., and Schulzweida, U.: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM-4: Model description and simulation of present-day climate, Tech. rep., Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg (Germany), 1996.
44. Roeckner, E., Bengtsson, L., Feichter, J., Lelieveld, J., and Rodhe, H.: Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle, J. Climate, 12, 3004-3032, 1999.
45. Rottenberger, S., Kuhn, U., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Oliva, S. T., Tavares, T. M., and Kesselmeier, J.: Exchange of short-chain aldehydes between Amazonian vegetation and the atmosphere, Ecol. AppL, 14(4) Supplement, S247-S262, 2004.
46. Sander, R., Kerkweg, A., Jockei, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical Note: The new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module MECCA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 445-450, 2005, http ://www.atm.os- chem-phy s .net/5/445/2005/.
47. Sanhueza, E., Donoso, L., Scharffe, D., and Crutzen, P. J.: Carbon monoxide fluxes from natural, managed, or cultivated savannah grassland, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16421-16427, 1994.
48. 4 in the northern part of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22475-22480, 1990.
49. Schmidt, U.: Molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere, Tellus, 26, 78-90, 1978.
50. Schmidt, U.: The latitudinal and vertical distribution of molecular hydrogen in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 941-946, 1978.
51. Schönwiese, C.-D. (Ed.): Praktische Statistik für Meteorologen und Geowissenschaftler, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin (Germany), 1992.
52. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. (Eds.): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Wiley, New York, 1998.
53. x-hydrocarbon chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2262922 644, 1998.
54. Singh, H. B., Gregory, G. L., Anderson, B., Browell, E., Sachse, G. W., Davis, D. D., Crawford, J., Bradshaw, J. D., Talbot, R., Blake, D. R., Thornton, D., Newell, R., and Merrill, J.: Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: Photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrainaient, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1907-1917, 1996.
55. 2 rates during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment: Measurement and theory, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6379-6391, 1997.
56. 3OOH in der Troposphäre, PhD thesis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Faculty of Physics, http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/ 1130/pdf/diss.pdf, 2006.
57. Stickler, A., Fischer, H., Williams, J., de Reus, M., Sander, R., Lawrence, M. G., Crowley, J. N., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of summertime deep convection on formaldehyde in the middle and upper troposphere over Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14308, doi:10.1029/2005JD007001, 2006.
58. Sumner, A. L., Shepson, P. B., Couch, T. L., Thornberry, T., Carroll, M. A., Sillman, S., Pippin, M., Bertman, S., Tan, D., Faloona, I., Brune, W., Young, V., Cooper, O., Moody, J., and. Stockwell, W.: A study of formaldehyde chemistry above a forest canopy, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D20), 24387-24405, 2001.
59. 2 increases and changes in land cover and climate, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21309, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005874, 2005
60. Tarr, M. A., Miller, W L., and Zepp, R. G.: Direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from plant matter, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11403-11413, 1995.
61. Thornton, J. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Cohen, R. C., Martinez, M., Harder, H., Brune, W. H., Williams, E. J., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Hall, S. R., Shetter, R. E., Wert, B. P., and Fried, A.: Ozone production rates as a function of NOx abundances and HOx production rates in the Nashville urban plume, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4146, doi:10.1029/2001JD000932, 2002.
62. Valverde-Canossa, J., Ganzeveld, L., Rappenglück, B., Steinbrecher, R., Klemm, O., Schuster, G., and Moortgat, G. K.: First measurements of H2O2 and organic peroxides surface fluxes by the relaxed eddy-accumulation technique, Atmos. Environ., 40, S55-S67, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.038, 2006.
63. von Glasow, R., Sander, R., Bott, A., and. Crutzen, P. J.: Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer 1. Cloud-free MBL, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD000942, 2002.
64. von Kuhlmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Pöschl, U., and Crutzen, P. J.: Sensitivities in global scale modeling of isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1-17, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/l/2004/.
65. 2 dry deposition over the northeast United-States, Atmos. Environ., 21, 2649-2659, 1987.
66. 2 as measured by aircraft over Surinam, South America, Chemosph.-Global Change Science, 3, 157-170, 2001a.
67. Williams, J., Pöschl, U., Crutzen, P. J., Hansel, A., Holzinger, R., Warneke, C., Lindinger, W., and Lelieveld, J.: An atmospheric chemistry interpretation of mass scans obtained from a Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometer flown over the tropical rainforest of Surinam, J. Atmos. Chem., 38, 133-166, 2001b.
68. Wingenter, O. W., Kubo, M. K., Blake, N. J., Smith, T. W., Blake, D. R., and Rowland, R S.: Hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements as photochemical and dynamical indicators of atmospheric hydroxyl, atomic chlorine, and vertical mixing obtained during Lagrangian flights, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4331-4340, 1996.
69. Zimmerman, P. R., Greenberg, J. P., and Westberg, C. E.: Measurements of atmospheric hydrocarbons and biogenic emission fluxes in the Amazon boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1407-1416, 1988.