메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 7-8, 2007, Pages 1212-1221

Probiotics for Clostridium difficile - Associated diarrhea: Focus on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile diarrhea; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Saccharomyces

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; CULTURELLE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; FLORASTOR; FLUCONAZOLE; LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS GG PROBIOTIC; PROBIOTIC AGENT; SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII PROBIOTIC; STEROID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 34547154687     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1K110     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 21744432188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations, treatment and control of infections caused by Clostridium difficile
    • Bouza E, Muñoz P, Alonso R. Clinical manifestations, treatment and control of infections caused by Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11(suppl 4):57-64.
    • (2005) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 57-64
    • Bouza, E.1    Muñoz, P.2    Alonso, R.3
  • 2
    • 23944507069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Clostridium difficile - associated disease: Old therapies and new strategies
    • Aslam S, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Treatment of Clostridium difficile - associated disease: old therapies and new strategies. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:549-57.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 549-557
    • Aslam, S.1    Hamill, R.J.2    Musher, D.M.3
  • 3
    • 16644392012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics and prebiotics in clinical practice
    • Broussard EK, Surawicz CM. Probiotics and prebiotics in clinical practice. Nutr Clin Care 2004;7:104-13.
    • (2004) Nutr Clin Care , vol.7 , pp. 104-113
    • Broussard, E.K.1    Surawicz, C.M.2
  • 4
    • 0036845101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying disease severity as a major risk factor for nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea
    • Kyne L, Sougioultzis S, McFarland LV, Kelly CP. Underlying disease severity as a major risk factor for nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:653-9.
    • (2002) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , pp. 653-659
    • Kyne, L.1    Sougioultzis, S.2    McFarland, L.V.3    Kelly, C.P.4
  • 6
    • 0036147349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a large population of hospitalized US military veterans
    • Buchner AM, Sonnenberg A. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a large population of hospitalized US military veterans. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:201-7.
    • (2002) Dig Dis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 201-207
    • Buchner, A.M.1    Sonnenberg, A.2
  • 7
    • 33847618667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrative review: The new epidemic of Clostridium difficile - associated enteric disease
    • Bartlett JG. Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile - associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:758-64.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 758-764
    • Bartlett, J.G.1
  • 8
    • 0032152205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea
    • McFarland LV. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998;16:292-307.
    • (1998) Dig Dis , vol.16 , pp. 292-307
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 9
    • 33748156955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile diarrhea
    • Katz JA. Probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:249-55.
    • (2006) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.40 , pp. 249-255
    • Katz, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 33746332362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections
    • DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2006.03.005
    • Huebner ES, Surawicz CM. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2006;35:355-65. DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2006.03.005
    • (2006) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.35 , pp. 355-365
    • Huebner, E.S.1    Surawicz, C.M.2
  • 12
    • 0034450738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: Use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Greenberg RN, et al. The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1012-7.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    McFarland, L.V.2    Greenberg, R.N.3
  • 13
    • 15544372997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative treatments for Clostridium difficile disease: What really works?
    • McFarland LV. Alternative treatments for Clostridium difficile disease: what really works? J Med Microbiol 2005;54:101-11.
    • (2005) J Med Microbiol , vol.54 , pp. 101-111
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 14
    • 0030969261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea and colitis
    • Fekety R. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea and colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92: 739-50.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , pp. 739-750
    • Fekety, R.1
  • 15
    • 0034956340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
    • Kyne L, Kelly CP. Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Gut 2001;49:152-3.
    • (2001) Gut , vol.49 , pp. 152-153
    • Kyne, L.1    Kelly, C.P.2
  • 16
    • 33845634379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past, present, and future therapies for Clostridium difficile - associated disease
    • Epub 5 Dec, DOI 10.1345/aph.1H332
    • Surowiec D, Kuyumjian AG, Wynd MA, Cicogna CE. Past, present, and future therapies for Clostridium difficile - associated disease. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:2155-63. Epub 5 Dec 2006. DOI 10.1345/aph.1H332
    • (2006) Ann Pharmacother 2006 , vol.40 , pp. 2155-2163
    • Surowiec, D.1    Kuyumjian, A.G.2    Wynd, M.A.3    Cicogna, C.E.4
  • 17
    • 0010369584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO/WHO Working Group report, accessed Jan 29
    • FAO/WHO Working Group report. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food, www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines.pdf (accessed 2007 Jan 29).
    • (2007) Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food
  • 18
    • 0029919917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotherapeutic agents: A neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections
    • Elmer GW, Surawicz CM, McFarland LV. Biotherapeutic agents: a neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. JAMA 1996;275:870-6.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 870-876
    • Elmer, G.W.1    Surawicz, C.M.2    McFarland, L.V.3
  • 19
    • 0036241355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and Clostridium difficile infection
    • Hopkins MJ, MacFarlane GT. Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and Clostridium difficile infection. J Med Microbiol 2002;51:448-54.
    • (2002) J Med Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 448-454
    • Hopkins, M.J.1    MacFarlane, G.T.2
  • 20
    • 34547193244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McFarland LV. Effective probiotic therapy: disease states to target for probiotics. CE monograph, expires 2008 Jul 7. www.freece.com/freece/ Article_Dynamic.asp?dbArticleID=97&dbRegID+&index (accessed 2007 Jan 29).
    • McFarland LV. Effective probiotic therapy: disease states to target for probiotics. CE monograph, expires 2008 Jul 7. www.freece.com/freece/ Article_Dynamic.asp?dbArticleID=97&dbRegID+&index (accessed 2007 Jan 29).
  • 21
    • 2942704185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile pilot study: Effects of probiotic supplementation on the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea
    • Plummer S, Weaver MA, Harris JC, Dee P, Hunter J. Clostridium difficile pilot study: effects of probiotic supplementation on the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea. Int Microbiol 2004;7:59-62.
    • (2004) Int Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 59-62
    • Plummer, S.1    Weaver, M.A.2    Harris, J.C.3    Dee, P.4    Hunter, J.5
  • 22
    • 0042922857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus plantarum 299v for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhoea: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial
    • Wullt M, Hagslätt MLJ, Odenholt I. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhoea: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scan J Infect Dis 2003;33:365-7.
    • (2003) Scan J Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 365-367
    • Wullt, M.1    Hagslätt, M.L.J.2    Odenholt, I.3
  • 23
    • 13144253139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic relevance of Lactobacillus: A retrospective review of over 200 cases
    • DOI 10.1007/s10096-004-1253-y
    • Cannon JP, Lee TA, Bolanos JT, Danziger LH. Pathogenic relevance of Lactobacillus: a retrospective review of over 200 cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005;24:31-40. DOI 10.1007/s10096-004-1253-y
    • (2005) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.24 , pp. 31-40
    • Cannon, J.P.1    Lee, T.A.2    Bolanos, J.T.3    Danziger, L.H.4
  • 24
    • 0035370928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: A modern perspective on a traditional therapy
    • Alvarez-Olmos MI, Obserhelman RA. Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1567-76.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 1567-1576
    • Alvarez-Olmos, M.I.1    Obserhelman, R.A.2
  • 25
    • 0033972192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: A review of papers published between 1988 and 1998
    • de Roos NM, Katan MB. Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Am J Clin Nutr 2000:71:405-11.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 405-411
    • de Roos, N.M.1    Katan, M.B.2
  • 26
    • 0035876214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics: Living drugs
    • Elmer GW. Probiotics: "Living drugs." Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001; 58:1101-9.
    • (2001) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.58 , pp. 1101-1109
    • Elmer, G.W.1
  • 28
    • 0007097659 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG (letter)
    • Gorbach SL, Chang T-W, Goldin B. Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG (letter). Lancet 1987; 2:1519.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1519
    • Gorbach, S.L.1    Chang, T.-W.2    Goldin, B.3
  • 29
    • 24044452865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease (letter)
    • DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.46096-0
    • Lawrence SJ, Korzenik JR, Mundy LM. Probiotics for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease (letter). J Med Microbiol 2005;54:905-6. DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.46096-0
    • (2005) J Med Microbiol , vol.54 , pp. 905-906
    • Lawrence, S.J.1    Korzenik, J.R.2    Mundy, L.M.3
  • 30
    • 33745628389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic use in clinical practice: What are the risks?
    • Boyle RJ, Robins-Browne RM, Tang MLK. Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks? Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:1256-64.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Boyle, R.J.1    Robins-Browne, R.M.2    Tang, M.L.K.3
  • 31
    • 33644616253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy (letter)
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-0475
    • Kunz AN, Fairchock MP, Noel JM. Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy (letter). Pediatrics 2005;116:517-8. DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-0475
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 517-518
    • Kunz, A.N.1    Fairchock, M.P.2    Noel, J.M.3
  • 34
    • 0032954103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver abscess due to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG
    • Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 1159-1160
    • Rautio, M.1    Jousimies-Somer, H.2    Kauma, H.3
  • 37
    • 8644289660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia during probiotic treatment of short gut syndrome
    • Kunz AN, Noel JM, Fairchok MP. Two cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia during probiotic treatment of short gut syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:457-8.
    • (2004) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.38 , pp. 457-458
    • Kunz, A.N.1    Noel, J.M.2    Fairchok, M.P.3
  • 38
    • 14944342659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome
    • DOI 10.1097/01.inf. 0000154588.79356.e6
    • DeGroote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, Glode MP, Pace NR. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:278-80. DOI 10.1097/01.inf. 0000154588.79356.e6
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , pp. 278-280
    • DeGroote, M.A.1    Frank, D.N.2    Dowell, E.3    Glode, M.P.4    Pace, N.R.5
  • 39
    • 0347683354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG
    • Salminen MK, Rautelin H, Tynkkynen S, et al. Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:62-9.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 62-69
    • Salminen, M.K.1    Rautelin, H.2    Tynkkynen, S.3
  • 40
    • 0037111629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland
    • Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, et al. Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1155-60.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1155-1160
    • Salminen, M.K.1    Tynkkynen, S.2    Rautelin, H.3
  • 41
    • 0029760473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacilli and bacteremia in Southern Finland, 1989-1992
    • Saxelin M, Chuang N-H, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in Southern Finland, 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 564-566
    • Saxelin, M.1    Chuang, N.-H.2    Chassy, B.3
  • 42
    • 0028226085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. JAMA 1994;271:1913-8. Erratum 1994;272:518.
    • McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. JAMA 1994;271:1913-8. Erratum 1994;272:518.
  • 43
    • 0036301897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith D, Metzgar D, Wills C, Fierer J. Fatal Saccharomyces cerevisiae aortic graft infection. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:2691-2.
    • Smith D, Metzgar D, Wills C, Fierer J. Fatal Saccharomyces cerevisiae aortic graft infection. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:2691-2.
  • 44
    • 19344373222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: An adverse effect of Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic administration
    • Herbrecht R, Nivoix Y. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an adverse effect of Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic administration. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1635-7.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1635-1637
    • Herbrecht, R.1    Nivoix, Y.2
  • 45
    • 19344376750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: An emerging infectious disease
    • Muñoz P, Bouza E, Cunca-Estrella M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1625-34.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1625-1634
    • Muñoz, P.1    Bouza, E.2    Cunca-Estrella, M.3
  • 46
    • 0031827129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.)
    • McCullough MJ, Clemons KV, McCusker JH, Stevens DA. Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:2613-7.
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 2613-2617
    • McCullough, M.J.1    Clemons, K.V.2    McCusker, J.H.3    Stevens, D.A.4
  • 47
    • 0030034684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii is not Saccharomyces cerevisiae (letter)
    • McFarland LV. Saccharomyces boulardii is not Saccharomyces cerevisiae (letter). Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:200-1.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 200-201
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 48
    • 15444351985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii for the treatment of Clostridium-difficile-associated colitis
    • Eddy JT, Stamatakis MK, Makela EH. Saccharomyces boulardii for the treatment of Clostridium-difficile-associated colitis. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31:919-21.
    • (1997) Ann Pharmacother , vol.31 , pp. 919-921
    • Eddy, J.T.1    Stamatakis, M.K.2    Makela, E.H.3
  • 49
    • 0025325025 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of further recurrences of Clostridium difficile colitis with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Kimmey MB, Elmer GW, Surawicz CM, McFarland LV. Prevention of further recurrences of Clostridium difficile colitis with Saccharomyces boulardii. Dig Dis Sci 1990;35:897-901.
    • (1990) Dig Dis Sci , vol.35 , pp. 897-901
    • Kimmey, M.B.1    Elmer, G.W.2    Surawicz, C.M.3    McFarland, L.V.4
  • 50
    • 0024317452 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with vancomycin and Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Elmer G, Chinn J. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with vancomycin and Saccharomyces boulardii. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:1285-7.
    • (1989) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.84 , pp. 1285-1287
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    McFarland, L.V.2    Elmer, G.3    Chinn, J.4
  • 51
    • 0242677561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism
    • DOI 10.1128/JMC.4.11.5 340-5343.2003
    • Cassone M, Serra P, Mondello F, et al. Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41: 5340-3. DOI 10.1128/JMC.4.11.5 340-5343.2003
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 5340-5343
    • Cassone, M.1    Serra, P.2    Mondello, F.3
  • 53
    • 33846899503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an immunocompromised patient not treated with Saccharomyces boulardii preparation (letter)
    • Epub 20 Mar, DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.01.019
    • Graf C, Gavazzi G. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an immunocompromised patient not treated with Saccharomyces boulardii preparation (letter). J Infect 2007;54:310-1. Epub 20 Mar 2006. DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.01.019
    • (2006) J Infect 2007 , vol.54 , pp. 310-311
    • Graf, C.1    Gavazzi, G.2
  • 54
    • 0036278211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-002-1267-9
    • Lherm T, Monet C, Nougière B, et al. Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:797-801. DOI 10.1007/s00134-002-1267-9
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 797-801
    • Lherm, T.1    Monet, C.2    Nougière, B.3
  • 55
    • 0032125763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungemia with Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Bassetti S, Frei R, Zimmerli W. Fungemia with Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii. Am J Med 1998;105:71-2.
    • (1998) Am J Med , vol.105 , pp. 71-72
    • Bassetti, S.1    Frei, R.2    Zimmerli, W.3
  • 56
    • 0037215109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in immunocompromised patients
    • Riquelme AJ, Calvo MA, Guzmán AM, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;36:41-3.
    • (2003) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.36 , pp. 41-43
    • Riquelme, A.J.1    Calvo, M.A.2    Guzmán, A.M.3
  • 57
    • 0032930367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii (letter)
    • Niault M, Thomas F, Prost TJ, Ansari FH, Kalfon P. Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii (letter). Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:930.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 930
    • Niault, M.1    Thomas, F.2    Prost, T.J.3    Ansari, F.H.4    Kalfon, P.5
  • 58
    • 0029028825 scopus 로고
    • Fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in a 1-year-old girl with protracted diarrhea
    • Pletincx M, Legein J, Vandenplas Y. Fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in a 1-year-old girl with protracted diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:113-5.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 113-115
    • Pletincx, M.1    Legein, J.2    Vandenplas, Y.3
  • 59
    • 0031854526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra-levure therapy
    • Fredenucci I, Chomarat M, Boucaud C, Flandrois JP. Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra-levure therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:222-3.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 222-223
    • Fredenucci, I.1    Chomarat, M.2    Boucaud, C.3    Flandrois, J.P.4
  • 60
    • 0033767920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a neutropenic patient treated with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • DOI 10.1007/s005209900123
    • Cesaro S, Chinello P, Rossi L, Zanesco L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a neutropenic patient treated with Saccharomyces boulardii. Support Care Cancer 2000;8:504-5. DOI 10.1007/s005209900123
    • (2000) Support Care Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 504-505
    • Cesaro, S.1    Chinello, P.2    Rossi, L.3    Zanesco, L.4
  • 61
    • 0033925112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungemia with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two newborns, only one of whom had been treated with ultra-levura
    • DOI 10.1007/s100960000295
    • Perapoch J, Planes AM, Querol A, et al. Fungemia with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two newborns, only one of whom had been treated with ultra-levura. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000;19:468-70. DOI 10.1007/s100960000295
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 468-470
    • Perapoch, J.1    Planes, A.M.2    Querol, A.3
  • 62
    • 0033922696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces fungemia complicating Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in a non-immunocompromised host (letter)
    • Rijnders BJA, Van Wijngaerden E, Verwaest C, Peetermans WE. Saccharomyces fungemia complicating Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in a non-immunocompromised host (letter). Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:825.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 825
    • Rijnders, B.J.A.1    Van Wijngaerden, E.2    Verwaest, C.3    Peetermans, W.E.4
  • 63
    • 0042261520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methaemoglobinaemia with concurrent blood isolation of Saccharomyces and Candida (letter)
    • Lungarorri MS, Mezzetti D, Radicioni M. Methaemoglobinaemia with concurrent blood isolation of Saccharomyces and Candida (letter). Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatol Ed 2003;88:F446.
    • (2003) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatol Ed , vol.88
    • Lungarorri, M.S.1    Mezzetti, D.2    Radicioni, M.3
  • 64
  • 65
    • 8544237802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an elderly patient with Clostridium difficile colitis
    • Cherafi S, Robberecht J, Miendje Y. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an elderly patient with Clostridium difficile colitis. Acta Clin Belg 2004;59:223-4.
    • (2004) Acta Clin Belg , vol.59 , pp. 223-224
    • Cherafi, S.1    Robberecht, J.2    Miendje, Y.3
  • 66
    • 13644254969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii induced sepsis: Successful therapy with voriconazole after treatment failure with fluconazole
    • DOI 10.1080/00365540510026454
    • Burkhardt O, Köhnlein T, Pletz MW, Welte T. Saccharomyces boulardii induced sepsis: successful therapy with voriconazole after treatment failure with fluconazole. Scand J Infect Dis 2005;37:69-72. DOI 10.1080/00365540510026454
    • (2005) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 69-72
    • Burkhardt, O.1    Köhnlein, T.2    Pletz, M.W.3    Welte, T.4
  • 68
    • 28044437962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive Saccharomyces infection: A comprehensive review
    • Enache-Angoulvant A, Hennequin C. Invasive Saccharomyces infection: a comprehensive review. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1559-68.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1559-1568
    • Enache-Angoulvant, A.1    Hennequin, C.2
  • 69
    • 0036668707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: The effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhea
    • Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:1461-7.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 1461-1467
    • Cremonini, F.1    Di Caro, S.2    Nista, E.C.3
  • 70
    • 0037042674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: Meta-analysis
    • D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, Bulpitt CJ. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002;324: 1361-6.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 1361-1366
    • D'Souza, A.L.1    Rajkumar, C.2    Cooke, J.3    Bulpitt, C.J.4
  • 71
    • 33645455337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease
    • McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:812-22.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 812-822
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 72
    • 0033985298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of probiotics on Clostridium difficile diarrhea
    • Pochapin M. The effect of probiotics on Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95(suppl):S11-3.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Pochapin, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.