Lipids from microbial sources

Modifying Lipids for Use in Food

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 80-113

  Ratledge, C ^a   Hopkins, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34447509548     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1533/9781845691684.1.80     Document Type: Chapter

References (93)

1. Ackman R.G. The composition of fish oils. Nutritional Evaluation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Fish Oil 1982, 21-88. Academic Press, London. S.M. Barlow, M.E. Stansby (Eds.).
2. Bailey R.B., Dimasi D., Hansen J.M., Mirrasoul P.J.U., Ruecker C.M.U., Veeder G.T.U., Kaneko T.U., Barclay W.R.U. Enhanced production of lipids containing polyenoic fatty acid by very high density cultures of eukaryotic microbes in fermentors 2003, Patent, US6,607,900.
3. Bajpai P., Bajpai P.K., Ward O.P. Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Thraustochytrium aureum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1991, 35(6):706-710.
4. Bajpai P.K., Bajpai P., Ward O.P. Optimization of production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1991, 68(7):509-554.
5. Barclay W.R. Process for the heterotrophic production of products with high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids 1991, Patent, WO 91/07498.
6. Barclay W.R. Process for the heterotrophic production of microbial products with high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids 1992, Patent, US 5,130,242.
7. Barclay W.R., Meager K.M., Abril J.R. Heterotrophic production of long-chain omega-3-fatty-acids utilizing algae and algae-like microorganisms. J Appl Phycol 1994, 6(2):123-129.
8. Barclay W.R., Weaver C., Metz J. Development of a docosahexaenoic acid production technology using Schizochytrium: a historical perspective. Single Cell Oils 2005, 36-52. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
9. Beach D.H., Holz G.G. Environmental influences on the docosahexaenoate content of the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine of a heterotrophic, marine dinoflagellate. Crypthecodinium cohnii, Biochim Biophys Acta 1973, 316(1):56-65.
10. Bernhard K., Albrecht H. Die lipide aus Phycomyces blakeslaeeanus. Helv Chim Acta 1948, 31:977-988.
11. Carlson S.E., Werkman S.H., Peeples J.M., Cooke R.J., Tolley E.A. Arachidonic acid status correlates with first year growth in preterm infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90(3):1073-1107.
12. Carlson S.E., Werkman S.H., Peeples J.M., Wilson W.M. Growth and development of premature infants in relation to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid status. World Rev Nutr Diet 1994, 75(1):63-69.
13. Certik M., Sakuradani E., Shimizu S. Desaturase-defective fungal mutants: Useful tools for the regulation and overproduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trends Biotechnol 1998, 16(12):500-505.
14. Cohen Z., Khozin-Goldberg I. Searching for PUFA-rich microalgae. Single Cell Oils 2005, 53-72. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
15. Cohen Z., Ratledge C. Single Cell Oils 2005, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill.
16. Cohen Z., Didi S., Heimer Y.M. Overproduction of γ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by algae. Plant Physiol 1992, 98(2):569-572.
17. Crozier G., Fleith M., Secretin M.-C. γ-Linolenic acid in infant formula. γ-Linolenic Acid: Metabolism and its Roles in Nutrition and Medicine 1996, 246-251. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Y.-S. Huang, D.E. Mills (Eds.).
18. Ellenbogen B.B., Aaronson S., Goldstein S., Belsky M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of aquatic fungi: Possible phylogenetic significance. Comp Biochem Physiol 1969, 29:805-811.
19. Fsanz DHASCO and ARASCO oils as sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula: A safety assessment Technical report series No. 22, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, available at. http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/DHASCO%20and%20ARASCO%20in%20infant%20formula.pdf.
20. Gill I., Valivety R. Polyunsaturated fatty acids 2. Biotransformations and biotechnological applications, Trends Biotechnol 1997, 15(11):470-478.
21. Harrington G.W., Holz G.G. The monoenoic and docosahexanenoic fatty acids of a heterotrophic dinoflagellate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968, 164:137-139.
22. Henderson R.J., Leftley J.W., Sargent J.R. Lipid-composition and biosynthesis in the marine dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Phytochemistry 1988, 27(6):1679-1683.
23. Higashiyama K., Fujikawa S., Park E.Y., Shimizu S. Production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella fungi. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 2002, 7:252-262.
24. Honda D., Yokochi T., Nakahara T., Raghukumar S., Nakagiri A., Schaumann K., Higashihara T. Molecular phylogeny of labyrinthulids and thraustochytrids based on the sequencing of 18S ribosomal RNA gene. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999, 46(6):637-647.
25. Horrobin D.F. Essential fatty acids in the management of diabetic neuropathy. γ-Linolenic Acid: Metabolism and its Roles in Nutrition Medicine 1996, 273-281. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Y.-S. Huang, D.E. Mills (Eds.).
26. Horrobin D.F., Morse P.F. Evening primrose oil and atopic eczema. Lancet 1995, 345(8944):260-261.
27. Horrocks L.A., Yeo Y.K. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Pharmacol Res 1999, 40(3):211-225.
28. Horrocks L.A., Yeo Y.K. Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched foods: Production and effects on blood lipids. Lipids 1999, 34:S13-S313.
29. Huang Y.-S., Mills D.E. γ-Linolenic Acid: Metabolism and its Roles in Nutrition and Medicine 1996, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill.
30. Huang Y.-S., Sinclair A. Lipids in Infant Nutrition 1998, AOCS Press, Champaign,Ill.
31. Huang Y.-S., Ziboh V.A. γ-Linolenic Acid: Recent Advances in Biotechnology and Clinical Applications 2001, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill.
32. Huang Y.-S., Pereira S.L., Leonard A.E. Enzymes for transgenic biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochimie 2004, 86(11):793-798.
33. Kendrick A., Ratledge C. Lipids of selected molds grown for production of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty-acids. Lipids 1992, 27(1):15-20.
34. Khozin-Goldberg I., Didi-Cohen S., Shayakhmetova I., Cohen Z. Biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the freshwater eustigmatophyte Monodus subterraneus (eustigmatophyceae). J Phycol 2002, 38(4):745-756.
35. Kimura H., Naganuma T. Thraustochytrids: A neglected agent of the marine microbial food chain. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 2001, 4(1):13-18.
36. Kiy T., Rusing M., Fabritius D. Production of docosahexaenoic acid by the marine microalga. Single Cell Oils 2005, 99-106. Ulkenia sp, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
37. Koike Y., Cai H.J., Higashiyama K., Fujikawa S., Park E.Y. Effect of consumed carbon to nitrogen ratio on mycelial morphology and arachidonic acid production in cultures of Mortierella alpina. J Biosci Bioeng 2001, 91(4):382-389.
38. Kumon Y., Yokochi T., Nakahara T., Yamaoka M., Mito K. Production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by monoxenic growth of labyrinthulids on oil-dispersed agar medium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002, 60(3):275-280.
39. Kumon Y., Yokoyama R., Yokochi T., Honda D., Nakahara T. A new labyrinthulid isolate, which solely produces n-6 docosapentaenoic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003, 63(1):22-28.
40. Kyle D.J. Production and use of a single cell oil which is highly enriched in docosahexaenoic acid. Lipid Technol 1996, 8(5):107-110.
41. Kyle D.J. Production and use of a single cell oil highly enriched in arachidonic acid. Lipid Technol 1997, 9:116-121.
42. Kyle D.J. The future development of single cell oils. Single Cell Oils 2005, 99-106. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
43. Kyle D.J., Ratledge C. Industrial Applications of Single Cell Oils 1992, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill.
44. Lanting C.I., Fidler V., Huisman M., Touwen B.C.L., Boersma E.R. Neurological differences between 9-year-old children fed breast-milk or formula-milk as babies. Lancet 1994, 344(8933):1319-1322.
45. Meers J.L., Prescott W. Development of γ-linolenic acid. Chemspec Europe 1987, 87:1-3.
46. Metz J.G., Roessler P., Facciotti D., Levering C., Dittrich F., Lassner M., Valentine R., Lardizabal K., Domergue F., Yamada A., Yazawa K., Knauf V., Browse J. Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by polyketide synthases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Science 2001, 293(5528):290-293.
47. Mo C.Q., Douek J., Rinkevich B. Development of a PCR strategy for thraustochytrid identification based on 18S rDNA sequence. Mar Biol 2002, 140(5):883-889.
48. Nakahara T., Yokochi T., Kamisaka Y., Suzuki O. γ-Linolenic acid from genus. Industrial Applications of Single Cell Oils 1992, 61-97. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill, Mortierella. D.J. Kyle, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
49. Napier J.A. Production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants: a sustainable source for human health and nutrition. Lipid Technol 2004, 16(5):103-107.
50. Napier J.A., Beaudoin F., Michaelson L.V., Sayanova O. The production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants by reverse-engineering. Biochimie 2004, 86(11):785-792.
51. Park E.Y., Koike Y., Higashiyama K., Fujikawa S., Okabe M. Effect of nitrogen source on mycelial morphology and arachidonic acid production in cultures of Mortierella alpina. J Biosci Bioeng 1999, 88(1):61-67.
52. Park E.Y., Hamanaka T., Higashiyama K., Fujikawa S. Monitoring of morphological development of the arachidonic-acid-producing filamentous microorganism Mortierella alpina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002, 59(6):706-712.
53. Pereira S.L., Huang Y.S., Bobik E.G., Kinney A.J., Stecca K.L., Packer J.C., Mukerji P. A novel omega3-fatty acid desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid. Biochem J 2004, 378(Pt 2):665-671.
54. Qi B., Fraser T., Mugford S., Dobson G., Sayanova O., Butler J., Napier J.A., Stobart A.K., Lazarus C.M. Production of very long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in plants. Nat Biotechnol 2004, 22(6):739-745.
55. Ratledge C. Microbial lipids. Products of Secondary Metabolism 1991, 133-197. VCH, Weinheim. H. Kleinkauf, H.V. Dèohren (Eds.).
56. Ratledge C. Microbial lipids: commercial realities or academic curiosities. Industrial Applications of Single Cell Oils 1992, 1-15. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. D.J. Kyle, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
57. Ratledge C. Microorganisms as sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Structured and Modified Lipids 2001, 351-400. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York. F.D. Gunstone (Ed.).
58. Ratledge C. Single cell oils for the 21st century. Single Cell Oils 2005, 1-20. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
59. Ratledge C., Wynn J.P. The biochemistry and molecular biology of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Advances in Appl Microbiol 2002, 51:1-51.
60. Ratledge C., Streekstra H., Cohen Z. Processing aspects of single cell oils. Nutritionally Enhanced Edible Oil Processing 2004, 279-297. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. N.T. Dunford, H.B. Dunford (Eds.).
61. Ratledge C., Streekstra H., Cohen Z., Fichtali J. Down-stream processing, extraction, and purification of single cell oils. Single Cell Oils 2005, 202-219. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
62. Sakuradani E., Takeno S., Abe T., Shimizu S. Arachidonic acid-producing Mortierella alpina: Creation of mutants and molecular breeding. Single Cell Oils 2005, 21-35. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
63. Sayanova O.V., Napier J.A. Eicosapentaenoic acid: biosynthetic routes and the potential for synthesis in transgenic plants. Phytochemistry 2004, 65(2):147-158.
64. Shahidi F., Amarowicz R., Abougharbia H.A., Shehata A.A.Y. Endogenous antioxidants and stability of sesame oil as affected by processing and storage. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1997, 74(2):143-148.
65. Shaw R. The occurrence of g-linolenic acid in fungi. Biochim Biophys Acta 1965, 98:230-237.
66. Shaw R. The polyunsaturated fatty acids of microorganisms. Advances in Lipid Research 1966, 107-174. Academic Press, New York. R. Paoletti, D. Kritchevsky (Eds.).
67. Shaw R. The fatty acids of phycomycete fungi, and the significance of the glinolenic acid component. Comp Biochem Physiol 1966, 13:325-331.
68. Shifrin N.S. Oils from microalgae. Biotechnology for the Oils and Fats Industry 1984, 145-162. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. C. Ratledge, P.S.S. Dawson, J. Rattray (Eds.).
69. Shimizu S., Kawashima H., Shinmen Y., Akimoto K., Yamada H. Production of eicosapentaenoic acid by Mortierella fungi. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1988, 65:1455-1459.
70. Shimizu S., Kawashima H., Akimoto K., Shinmen Y., Yamada H. Conversion of linseed oil to an eicosapentaenoic acid-containing oil by Mortierella-alpina 1s-4 at lowtemperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1989, 32(1):1-4.
71. Sinden K.W. The production of lipids by fermentation within the EEC. Enzyme Microb Technol 1987, 9(2):124-125.
72. Sonnenborn U., Kunau W.H. Purification and properties of the fatty acid synthetase complex from the marine dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982, 712(3):523-534.
73. Streekstra H. Arachidonic acid: fermentative production by Mortierella fungi. Single Cell Oils 2005, 73-85. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
74. Tam P.S.Y., Umeda-Sawada R., Yaguchi T., Akimoto K., Kiso Y., Igarashi O. The metabolism and distribution of docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) in rats and rat hepatocytes. Lipids 2000, 35(1):71-75.
75. Tanaka S., Yaguchi T., Shimizu S., Sogo T., Fujikawa S. Process for preparing docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid with Ulkenia 2003, Patent, US6,509,178.
76. Totani N., Oba K. The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina, high in arachidonicacid. Lipids 1987, 22(12):1060-1062.
77. Totani N., Oba K. A simple method for production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988, 28(2):135-137.
78. Vazhappilly R., Chen F. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid production potential of microalgae and their heterotrophic growth. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1998, 75(3):393-397.
79. Vazhappilly R., Chen F. Heterotrophic production potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by microalgae and algae-like microorganisms. Botanica Marina 1998, 41(6):553-558.
80. Weete J.D., Shewmaker F., Gandhi S.R. γ-Linolenic acid in zygomycetous fungi: Syzygites megalocarpus. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1998, 75(10):1367-1372.
81. Wen Z.Y., Chen F. Heterotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis: effects of silicate and glucose. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2000, 25(4):218-224.
82. Wen Z.Y., Chen F. Production potential of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis. Biotechnol Lett 2000, 22(9):727-733.
83. Wen Z.Y., Chen F. Optimization of nitrogen sources for heterotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001, 29(6-7):341-347.
84. Wen Z.Y., Chen F. Continuous cultivation of the diatom Nitzschia laevis for eicosapentaenoic acid production: physiological study and process optimization. Biotechnol Prog 2002, 18(1):21-28.
85. Wen Z., Chen F. Prospects for eicosapentaenoic acid production using microorganisms. Single Cell Oils 2005, 138-160. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
86. Wisniak J., Korin E. Supercritical fluid extraction of lipids and other materials from algae. Single Cell Oils 2005, 220-238. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
87. Wood B.J.B. Lipids of algae and protozoa. Microbial Lipids 1988, vol. 1:807-867. Academic Press, London; San Diego, CA. C. Ratledge, S.G. Wilkinson (Eds.).
88. Wynn J.P., Ratledge C. Microbial production of oils and fats. Food Biotechnology 2005, 443-472. CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, FL. K. Shetty (Ed.).
89. Wynn J.P., Behrens P., Sundararajan A., Hansen J., Apt K. Production of single cell oils by dinoflagellates. Single Cell Oils 2005, 86-98. AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill. Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds.).
90. Yokochi T., Nakahara T., Yamaoka M., Kurane R. Method of producing a polyunsaturated fatty acid containing culture and polyunsaturated fatty acid containing oil using microorganisms 2002, Patent, US6,461,839.
91. Yongmanitchai W.C., Ward O.P. Omega-3 fatty-acids - alternative sources of production. Process Biochem 1989, 24(4):117-125.
92. Yongmanitchai W., Ward O.P. Growth and eicosapentaenoic acid production by Phaeodactylum tricornutum in batch and continuous culture systems. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1992, 69(6):584-590.
93. 18. Food Technol Biotechnol 2002, 40(4):311-315.