Procedures for numerical analysis of circadian rhythms

Biological Rhythm Research

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 275-325

  Refinetti, Roberto ^a,c   Cornélissen, Germaine ^b   Halberg, Franz ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biostatistics; Chronobiology; Chronomics; Circadian rhythm; Time series analysis

Indexed keywords

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; LITERATURE REVIEW; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL MODEL; SOFTWARE; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; VISUAL ANALYSIS;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BIOSTATISTICS; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHRONOBIOLOGY; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; FOURIER ANALYSIS; HUMAN; LIGHT DARK CYCLE; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; NONHUMAN; PERIODICITY; PROBABILITY; REVIEW; SAMPLING; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SLEEP WAKING CYCLE; TELEMETRY; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; WAVEFORM;

EID: 34447269412     PISSN: 09291016     EISSN: 17444179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09291010600903692     Document Type: Review

References (207)

1. Akiyama T. 2004. Entrainment of the circatidal swimming activity rhythm in the cumacean Dimorphostylis asiatica (Crustacea) to 12.5-hour hydrostatic pressure cycles. Zool Sci 21:29-38.
2. Albers HE, Gerall AA, Axelson JF. 1981. Effect of reproductive state on circadian periodicity in the rat. Physiol Behav 26:21-25.
3. Albert PS. 2005. On analyzing circadian rhythms data using nonlinear mixed models with harmonic terms. Biometrics 61:1115-1120.
4. Almirall H. 1997. Modeling the body temperature throughout the day with a two-term function. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 29:595-599.
5. Alonso I, Fernández JR. 2001. Nonlinear estimation and statistical testing of periods in nonsinusoidal longitudinal time series with unequidistant observations. Chronobiol Int 18:285-308.
6. Ando H, Yanagihara H, Hayashi Y, Obi Y, Tsuruoka S, Takamura T, Kaneko S, Fujimura A. 2005. Rhythmic messenger ribonucleic acid expression of clock genes and adipocytokines in mouse visceral adipose tissue. Endocrinology 146:5631-5636.
7. Arbogast B, Lubanovic W, Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Bingham C. 1983. Chronobiologic serial sections of several orders. Chronobiologia 10:59-68.
8. Aschoff J. 1979. Circadian rhythms: influences of internal and external factors on the period measured in constant conditions. Z Tierpsychol 49:225-249.
9. Barnwell FH. 1968. The role of rhythmic systems in the adaptation of fiddler crabs to the interdidal zone. Am Zool 8:569-583.
10. Batschelet E. 1981. Circular Statistics in Biology. New York: Academic Press.
11. Beau J, Vibert JF. 2006. L'analyse spectrale mais c'est tres simple! Rythmes 37:15-23.
12. Benedict FG. 1904. Studies in body temperature. I. Influence of the inversion of the daily routine; the temperature of night-workers. Am J Physiol 11:145-169.
13. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B 57:289-300.
14. Bertolucci C, Foà A, Van't Hof TJ. 2002. Seasonal variations in circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin in ruin lizards. Horm Behav 41:414-419.
15. Bingham C, Arbogast B, Guillaume GC, Lee JK, Halberg F. 1982. Inferential statistical methods for estimating and comparing cosinor parameters. Chronobiologia 9:397-439.
16. Bingham C, Cornélissen G, Chen CH, Halberg F. 2005. Chronobiology works when day-night ratios fail in assessing cardiovascular disease risk from blood pressure profiles. III International Conference on Civilization Diseases in the Spirit of V.I. Vernadsky (People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Oct. 10-12, 2005), 111-113.
17. Bingham C, Cornélissen G, Halberg E, Halberg F. 1984. Testing period for single cosinor: extent of human 24-h cardiovascular "synchronization" on ordinary routine. Chronobiologia 11:263-274.
18. Bingham C, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 1993. Power of "Phase 0" chronobiologic trials at different signal-to-noise ratios and sample sizes. Chronobiologia 20:179-190.
19. Bloomfield P. 2000. Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
20. Boivin DB, James FO. 2002. Circadian adaptation to night-shift work by judicious light and darkness exposure. J Biol Rhythms 17:556-567.
21. Box GEP, Jenkins GM. 1970. Time-Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
22. Brazier KTS. 1994. Confidence intervals from the Rayleigh test. Mon Not R Astron Soc 268: 709-712.
23. Bretthorst GL. 2001. Generalizing the Lomb-Scargle periodogram: the nonsinusoidal case. Am Inst Phys Conf Proc 568:246-251.
24. Brockwell PJ, Davis RA. 2002. Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting, 2nd ed. New York: Springer.
25. Burioka N, Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Kaplan DT. 2001. Relationship between correlation dimension and indices of linear analysis in both respiratory movement and electroencephalogram. Clin Neurophysiol 112:1147-1153.
26. Casdagli M. 1991. Chaos and deterministic versus stochastic non-linear modelling. J R Stat Soc B 54:303-328.
27. Ceriani MF, Hogenesch JB, Yanovsky M, Panda S, Straume M, Kay SA. 2002. Genome-wide expression analysis in Drosophila reveals genes controlling circadian behavior. J Neurosci 22:9305-9319.
28. Cerny V. 1985. A thermodynamical approach to the travelling salesman problem: an efficient simulation algorithm. J Optim Theory Appl 45:41-51.
29. Chatfield C. 2004. The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall.
30. Cheng P, Yang Y, Liu Y. 2001. Interlocked feedback loops contribute to the robustness of the Neurospora circadian clock. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 98:7408-7413.
31. Cornélissen G. 1984. Automatic detection of multiple outliers in physiologic time series: notably temperature. In: Reinberg A, Smolensky M, Labrecque G, editors. Annual Review of Chronopharmacology. Oxford, UK: Pergamon. pp 157-160.
32. Cornélissen G, Broda H, Halberg F. 1986. Does Gonyaulax polyedra measure a week? Cell Biophysics 8:69-85.
33. Cornélissen G, Chen CH, Halberg F. 2006. Predictive value of blood pressure variability: merits of circadian parameters versus dipping patterns. N Engl J Med in press.
34. Cornélissen G, De Prins J. 1973. Cycle detection. J Interdiscipl Cycle Res 4:159-177.
35. Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 2005. Chronomedicine. In: Armitage P, Colton T, editors. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, vol. 2, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley. pp 796-812.
36. Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Prikryl P, Dankova E, Siegelova J, Dusek J. 1991. Prophylactic aspirin treatment: the merits of timing. J Am Med Assoc 266:3128-3129.
37. Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Schwartzkopff O, Delmore P, Katinas G, Hunter D, Tarquini B, Tarquini R, Perfetto F, Watanabe Y, Otsuka K. 1999. Chronomes, time structures, for chronobioengineering for "a full life". Biomed Instrum Technol 33:152-187.
38. Cornélissen G, Haus E, Halberg F. 1992. Chronobiologic blood pressure assessment from womb to tomb. In: Touitou Y, Haus E, editors. Biological Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp 428-452.
39. Cornélissen G, Otsuka K, Chen CH, Kumagai Y, Watanabe Y, Halberg F, Siegelova J, Dusek J. 2000. Nonlinear relation of the circadian blood pressure amplitude to cardiovascular disease risk. Scripta Medica (Brno) 73:85-94.
40. Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Bakken EE, Singh RB, Otsuka K, Tomlinson B, Delcourt A, Toussaint G, Bathina S, Schwartzkopff O, Wang ZR, Tarquini R, Perfetto F, Pantaleoni GC, Jozsa R, Delmore PA, Nolley E. 2004. 100 or 30 years after Janeway or Bartter, Healthwatch helps avoid "flying blind". Biomed Pharmacother 58(Suppl. 1):S69-S86.
41. Crowley SJ, Lee C, Tseng CY, Fogg LF, Eastman CI. 2003. Combinations of bright light, scheduled dark, sunglasses, and melatonin to facilitate circadian entrainment to night shift work. J Biol Rhythms 18:513-523.
42. Czaplicki J, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 2006. GOSA, a simulated annealing-based program for global optimization of nonlinear problems, also reveals transyears. J Appl Biomed 4:87-94.
43. Czeisler CA, Richardson G, Coleman R, Zimmerman J, Moore-Ede M, Dement W, Weitzman E. 1981. Chronotherapy: resetting the circadian clocks of patients with delayed sleep phase insomnia. Sleep 4:1-21.
44. Daan S, Pittendrigh CS. 1976. A functional analysis of circadian pacemakers in nocturnal rodents. II. The variability of phase response curves. J Comp Physiol 106:253-266.
45. DeCoursey P. 1960. Phase control of activity in a rodent. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 25:49-55.
46. DeCoursey PJ. 2004. Overview of biological timing from unicells to humans. In: Dunlap JC, Loros JJ, DeCoursey PJ, editors. Chronobiology: Biological Timekeeping. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer. pp 3-24.
47. de la Iglesia HO, Rodríguez EM, Dezi RE. 1994. Burrow plugging in the crab Uca uruguayensis and its synchronization with photoperiod and tides. Physiol Behav 55:913-919.
48. De Prins J, Cornélissen G, Hillman D, Halberg F, Van Dijck C. 1981. Harmonic interpolation yields paraphases and orthophases for biologic rhythms. In: Halberg F, Scheving LE, Powell EW, Hayes DK, editors. Chronobiology: Proceedings of the XIII International Conference of the International Society for Chronobiology. Milan: Il Ponte. pp 333-334.
49. Diambra L, Lopes JR, Menna-Barreto L, Rigolino R. 2002. Ciclograma: a tool for detection of rhythmicities in sleep/wake cycles. Chronobiol Int 19:793-803.
50. Diggle PJ, Heagerty P, Liang KY, Zeger SL. 2002. Analysis of Longitudinal Data, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
51. Dörrscheidt GL, Beck L. 1975. Advanced methods for evaluating characteristic parameters of circadian rhythms. J Mathem Biol 2:107-121.
52. Dowse HB, Ringo JM. 1991. Comparisons between "periodograms" and spectral analysis: apples are apples after all. J Theor Biol 148:139-144.
53. Duffield GE, Ebling FJP. 1998. Maternal entrainment of the developing circadian system in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Biol Rhythms 13:315-329.
54. Dunlap JC, Loros JJ. 2005. Analysis of circadian rhythms in Neurospora: overview of assays and genetic and molecular biological manipulations. Methods Enzymol 393:3-22.
55. Eastman C, Rechtschaffen A. 1983. Circadian temperature and wake rhythms of rats exposed to prolonged continuous illumination. Physiol Behav 31:417-427.
56. Eijzenbach V, Sneek JH, Borst C. 1986. Arterial pressure and heart period in the conscious rabbit: diurnal rhythm and influence of activity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 13:585-592.
57. Elliott JA, Tarmarkin L. 1994. Complex circadian regulation of pineal melatonin and wheel-running in Syrian hamsters. J Comp Physiol A 174:469-484.
58. Enright JT. 1965. The search for rhythmicity in biological time-series. J Theor Biol 8:426-468.
59. Enright JT. 1981. Data analysis. In: Aschoff J, editor. Biological Rhythms (Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology) Volume 4. New York: Plenum. pp 21-39.
60. Eskin A. 1971. Some properties of the system controlling the circadian activity rhythm of sparrows. In: Menaker M, editor. Biochronometry. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. pp 55-80.
61. Falcón J, Ravault JP, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 1996 Circaseptan-modulated circadian rhythmic melatonin release from isolated pike pineal in alternating light and darkness. 4° Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Cronobiologia 39-40.
62. Firinguetti L, Sciolla A, Lolas F, Risco L, Larraguibel M. 1990. ARIMA modelling of chronospsychometric self-evaluation of drive and mood. Arch Biol Med Exp 23:307-314.
63. Fisher RA. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
64. Fisher RA. 1929. Tests of significance in harmonic analysis. Proc R Soc London A 125:54-59.
65. Fourier J. 1822. Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur. Paris: F. Didot.
66. Gillette MU, Sejnowski TJ. 2005. Biological clocks coordinately keep life on time. Science 309:1196-1198.
67. Gonze D, Halloy J, Goldbeter A. 2002. Robustness of circadian rhythms with respect to molecular noise. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 99:673-678.
68. Gonze D, Halloy J, Goldbeter A. 2004. Stochastic models for circadian oscillations: emergence of a biological rhythm. Int J Quantum Chem 98:228-238.
69. Granger CWJ, Newbold P. 1986. Forecasting Economic Time Series, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.
70. Grosse J, Loudon ASI, Hastings MH. 1995. Behavioural and cellular responses to light of the circadian system of tau mutant and wild-type Syrian hamsters. Neuroscience 65:587-597.
71. Günther R, Herold M, Halberg E, Halberg F. 1980. Circadian placebo and ACTH effects on urinary cortisol in arthritics. Peptides 1:387-390.
72. Haerdle W, Schimek MG (eds). 1996. Statistical Theory and Computational Aspects of Smoothing. New York: Springer.
73. Halberg F. 1953. Some physiological and clinical aspects of 24-hour periodicity. Lancet 73:20-32.
74. Halberg F. 1960. Temporal coordination of physiologic function. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 25:289-310.
75. Halberg F. 1969. Chronobiology. Ann Rev Physiol 31:675-725.
76. Halberg F. 1980. Chronobiology: methodological problems. Acta Med Rom 18:399-440.
77. Halberg F. 1995. The week in phylogeny and ontogeny: opportunities for oncology. In vivo 9:269-278.
78. Halberg F, Carandente F, Cornélissen G, Katinas GS. 1977. Glossary of chronobiology. Chronobiologia 4 (Suppl. 1):1-189.
79. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Katinas G, Hillman D, Schwartzkopff O. 2001. Season's Appreciations 2000: Chronomics complement, among many other fields, genomics and proteomics. Neuroendocrinol Lett 22: 53-73.
80. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Katinas G, Syutkina EV, Sothern RB, Zaslavskaya R, Halberg F, Watanabe Y, Schwartzkopff O, Otsuka K, Tarquini R, Frederico P, Siggelova J. 2003b. Transdisciplinary unifying implications of circadian findings in the 1950s. J Circadian Rhythms 1: art. 2.
81. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Katinas G, Tvildiani L, Gigolashvili M, Janashia J, Toba T, Revilla M, Regal P, Sothern RB, Wendt HW, Wang Z, Zeman M, Jozsa R, Singh RB, Mitsutake G, Chibisov SM, Lee J, Holley D, Holte JE, Sonkowsky RP, Schwartzkopff O, Delmore P, Otsuka K, Bakken EE, Czaplicki J. 2006. Chronobiology's progress: season's appreciations 2004 - 2005. Time, frequency, phase, variable, individual, age and site-specific chronomics. J Appl Biomed 4:1-38.
82. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Panksepp J, Otsuka K, Johnson D. 2005. Chronomics of autism and suicide. Biomed Pharmacother 59 (Suppl. 1):S100-S108.
83. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Wall D, Otsuka K, Halberg J, Katinas G, Watanabe Y, Halhuber M, Müller-Bohn T, Delmore P, Siegelova J, Homolka P, Fiser B, Dusek J, Sanchez de la Peña S, Maggioni C, Delyukov A, Gorgo Y, Gubin D, Carandente F, Schaffer E, Rhodus N, Borer K, Sonkowsky RP, Schwartzkopff O. 2002. Engineering and governmental challenge: 7-day/24-hour chronobiologic blood pressure and heart rate screening. Biomed Instrum Technol 36:89-122, 183-197.
84. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Wang ZR, Wan C, Ulmer W, Katinas G, Singh R, Singh RK, Singh R, Gupta BD, Singh RB, Kumar A, Kanabrocki E, Sothern RB, Rao G, Bhatt MLBD, Srivastava M, Rai G, Singh S, Pati AK, Nath P, Halberg F, Halberg J, Schwartzkopff O, Bakken E, Shastri VK. 2003a. Chronomics: circadian and circaseptan timing of radiotherapy, drugs, calories, perhaps nutriceuticals and beyond. J Exp Ther Oncol 3:223-260.
85. Halberg F, Engeli M, Hamburger C, Hillman D. 1965. Spectral resolution of low-frequency, small-amplitude rhythms in excreted 17- ketosteroid: probable androgen induced circaseptan desychronization. Acta Endocrinol 103 (Suppl.):5-54.
86. Halberg F, Hastings W, Cornélissen G, Broda H. 1985. Gonyaulax polyedra "talks" both "circadian" and " circaseptan". Chronobiologia 12:185.
87. Halberg F, Katinas GS, Chiba Y, Garcia Sainz M, Kovats TG, Künkel H, Montalbetti N, Reinberg A, Scharf R, Simpson H. 1973. Chronobiologic glossary of the International Society for the Study of Biologic Rhythms. Int J Chronobiol 1:31-63.
88. Halberg F, Nelson W, Runge WJ, Schmitt OH, Pitts GC, Tremor J, Reynolds OE. 1971. Plans for orbital study of rat biorhythms: results of interest beyond the Biosatellite program. Space Life Sci 2:437-471.
89. Halberg F, Hastings W, Cornélissen G, Broda H. 1985. Gonyaulax polyedra "talks" both "circadian" and " circaseptan". Chronobiologia 12:185.
90. Halberg F, Shankaraiah K, Giese AC, Halberg F. 1987. The chronobiology of marine invertebrates: methods of analysis. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB, editors. Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol. IX: General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity. Palo Alto, CA: Blackwell Scientific Publications/Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press. pp 331-384.
91. Halberg F, Tong YL, Johnson EA. 1967. Circadian system phase, an aspect of temporal morphology: procedures and illustrative examples. In: Mayersbach H von, editor. The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms. Berlin: Springer. pp 20-48.
92. Halberg F, Visscher MB. 1954. Some physiologic effects of lighting. In: Tenobergen JE, editor. Proceedings of the First International Photobiological Congress. Wageningen: Veenman and Zonen. pp 396-398.
93. Hassnaoui M, Pupier R, Rehailia M. 2000. A concordance method for analyzing categorical time series: an application for the search of periodicities. Biol Rhythm Res 31:177-201.
94. Häster L, Erkert HG. 1993. Alteration of circadian period length does not influence the ovarian cycle length in common marmosets, Callithrix j. jacchus (Primates): Chronobiol Int 10:165-175.
95. Hays WL. 1994. Statistics, 5th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College.
96. Heeley DW, Buchanan-Smith HM. 1990. Recognition of stimulus orientation. Vision Res 30:1429-1437.
97. Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Iglesias M. 2003. Administration time-dependent influence of aspirin on blood pressure in pregnant women. Hypertension 41:651-656.
98. Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Domínguez MJ, Covelo M, Fernández JR, Fontao MJ, López JE. 2004. Administration-time- dependent effects of doxazosin GITS on ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol Int 21:277-296.
99. Herzog ED, Aton SJ, Numano R, Sakaki Y, Tei H. 2004. Temporal precision in the mammalian circadian system: a reliable clock from less reliable neurons. J Biol Rhythms 19:35-46.
100. Hildebrandt G, Bandt-Reges I. 1992. Chronobiologie in der Naturheilkunde: Grundlagen der Circaseptanperiodik. Heidelberg: Haug.
101. Hildebrandt G, Moser M, Lehofer M. 1998. Chronobiologie und Chronomedizin: biologische Rhythmen/medizinische Konsequenzen. Stuttgart: Hippokrates.
102. Hillman D, Fernandez JR, Cornélissen G, Berry DA, Halberg J, Halberg F. 1990. Bounded limits and statistical inference in chronobiometry. Prog Clin Biol Res 341B:417-428.
103. Hirschenhauser K, Frigerio D, Grammer K, Magnusson MS. 2002. Monthly patterns of testosterone and behavior in prospective fathers. Horm Behav 42:172-181.
104. Honma K, Honma S, Kohsaka M, Fukuda N. 1992. Seasonal variation in the human circadian rhythm: dissociation between sleep and temperature rhythm. Am J Physiol 262:R885-R891.
105. Houdelier C, Guyomarc'h C, Lumineau S, Richard JP. 2002. Circadian rhythms of oviposition and feeding activity in Japanese quail: effects of cyclic administration of melatonin. Chronobiol Int 19:1107-1119.
106. Houwelingen CAJ van, Beersma DGM. 2001. Seasonal changes in 24-h patterns of suicide rates: a study on train suicides in The Netherlands. J Affect Disord 66:215-223.
107. Hrushesky WJ. 1985. Circadian timing of cancer chemotherapy. Science 228:73-75.
108. Hurlburt RT. 2003. Comprehending Behavioral Statistics, 3rd Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
109. Jilge B, Stähle H. 1993. Restricted food access and light-dark: impact of conflicting zeitgebers on circadian rhythms of the rabbit. Am J Physiol 264:R708-R715.
110. Johnson MS. 1926. Activity and distribution of certain wild mice in relation to biotic communities. J Mammal 7:245-277.
111. Kadono H, Besch EL, Usami E. 1981. Body temperature, oviposition, and food intake in the hen during continuous light. J Appl Physiol 51:1145-1149.
112. Kanji GK. 1993. 100 Statistical Tests. London: Sage.
113. Kanjilal PP, Bhattacharya J, Saha G. 1999. Robust method for periodicity detection and characterization of irregular cyclical series in terms of embedded periodic components. Phys Rev E 59:4013-4025.
114. Kellerman DF (ed.). 1986. New Webster's Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Delair.
115. Kirk RE. 1995. Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences, 3rd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
116. Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD, Vecchi MP. 1983. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220:671-680.
117. Klemfuss H, Clopton PL. 1993. Seeking tau: a comparison of six methods. J Interdiscipl Cycle Res 24:1-16.
118. Koehler F, Okano FK, Elveback LR, Halberg F, Bittner JJ. 1956. Periodograms for the study of physiologic daily periodicity in mice and man. Environ Med Surg 14:5-30.
119. Körner TW. 1988. Fourier Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
120. Krauth J. 1988. Distribution-Free Statistics: An Application-Oriented Approach. New York: Elsevier.
121. Lee TM, Zucker I. 1995. Seasonal variations in circadian rhythms persist in gonadectomized golden-mantled ground squirrels. J Biol Rhythms 10:188-195.
122. Lévi F, Zidani R, Misset JL. 1997. Randomised multicentre trial of chronotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 350:681-686.
123. Levine JD, Funes P, Dowse HB, Hall JC. 2002. Signal analysis of behavioral and molecular cycles. BMC Neurosci 3:art. 1.
124. Lin Y, Han M, Shimada B, Wang L, Gibler TM, Amarakone A, Awad TA, Stormo GD, van Gelder RN, Taghert PH. 2002. Influence of the period-dependent circadian clock on diurnal, circadian, and aperiodic gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 99:9562-9567.
125. Lomb N. 1976. Least-squares frequency analysis of unequally spaced data. Astrophys Space Sci 39:447-462.
126. Lumineau S, Guyomarc'h C, Boswell T, Richard JP, Leray D. 1998. Induction of circadian rhythm of feeding activity by testosterone implantations in arrhythmic Japanese quail males. J Biol Rhythms 13:278-287.
127. Mardia KV. 1972. Statistics of Directional Data. New York: Academic Press.
128. Maxwell SE, Delaney HD. 2004. Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data, 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
129. Meijer JH, De Vries MJ. 1995. Light-induced phase shifts in onset and offset of running-wheel activity in the Syrian hamster. J Biol Rhythms 10:4-16.
130. Menaker M. 1961. The free running period of the bat clock: seasonal variations at low body temperature. J Cell Comp Physiol 57:81-86.
131. Moore DS. 2004. The Basic Practice of Statistics, 3rd ed. New York: Freeman.
132. Mormont MC, Waterhouse J, Bleuzen P, Giacchetti S, Jami A, Bogdan A, Lellouch J, Misset JL, Touitou Y, Lévi F. 2000. Marked 24-h rest/activity rhythms are associated with better quality of life, better response, and longer survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and good performance status. Clin Cancer Res 6:3038-3045.
133. Morris C. (ed.). 1992. Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology. San Diego: Academic Press.
134. Mrosovsky N, Boshes M, Hallonquist JD, Lang K. 1976. Circannual cycle of circadian cycles in a golden-mantled ground squirrel. Naturwissenschaften 63:298-299.
135. Nelson DE, Takahashi JS. 1991. Sensitivity and integration in a visual pathway for circadian entrainment in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): J Physiol Lond 439:115-145.
136. Nelson W, Tong YL, Lee JK, Halberg F. 1979. Methods for cosinor rhythmometry. Chronobiologia 6:305-323.
137. Nintcheu-Fata S, Katinas G, Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Tolstykh V, Michael HN, Otsuka K, Schwartzkopff O, Bakken E. 2003. Chronomics of tree rings for chronoastrobiology and beyond. Biomed Pharmacother 57 (Suppl. 1):24-30.
138. Ogle W. 1866. On the diurnal variations in the temperature of the human body in health. St. George's Hosp Rep 1:221-245.
139. Otsuka K, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 1997. Circadian rhythmic fractal scaling of heart rate variability in health and coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 20:631-638.
140. Palmer JD. 1967. Daily and tidal components in the persistent rhythmic activity of the crab, Sesarma. Nature 215:64-66.
141. Percival DB, Walden AT. 2000. Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
142. Piccione G, Caola G, Refinetti R. 2003. Circadian rhythms of body temperature and liver function in fed and food-deprived goats. Comp Biochem Physiol A 134:563-572.
143. Piccione G, Caola G, Refinetti R. 2005. Temporal relationships of 21 physiological variables in horse and sheep. Comp Biochem Physiol A 142:389-396.
144. Pincus DJ, Beam WR, Martin RJ. 1995. Chronobiology and chronotherapy of asthma. Clin Chest Med 16:699-713.
145. Pittendrigh CS. 1993. Temporal organization: reflections of a Darwinian clock-watcher. Ann Rev Physiol 55:17-54.
146. Pohl H. 1983. Light pulses entrain the circadian activity rhythm of a diurnal rodent (Ammospermophilus leucurus): Comp Biochem Physiol B 76:723-729.
147. Ptitsyn AA, Zvonic S, Conrad SA, Scott LK, Mynatt RL, Gimble JM. 2006. Circadian clocks are resounding in peripheral tissues. PLoS Comput Biol 2(3):e16.
148. Rao AV, Sharma VK. 2002. A simple approach for the computation of multiple periodicities in biological time series. Biol Rhythm Res 33:487-502.
149. Rauth-Widmann B, Fuchs E, Erkert HG. 1996. Infradian alteration of circadian rhythms in owl monkeys (Aotus lemurinus griseimembra): an effect of estrous? Physiol Behav 59:11-18.
150. Refinetti R. 1991. An extremely simple procedure for the analysis of circadian and estrous periodicity. Physiol Behav 50:655-659.
151. Refinetti R. 1992a. Analysis of the circadian rhythm of body temperature. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 24:28-36.
152. Refinetti R. 1992b. Non-parametric procedures for the determination of phase markers of circadian rhythms. Int J Biomed Comput 30:49-56.
153. Refinetti R. 1993. Comparison of six methods for the determination of the period of circadian rhythms. Physiol Behav 54:869-875.
154. Refinetti R. 1998. Homeostatic and circadian control of body temperature in the fat-tailed gerbil. Comp Biochem Physiol A 119:295-300.
155. Refinetti R. 2004a. Daily activity patterns of a nocturnal and a diurnal rodent in a seminatural environment. Physiol Behav 82:285-294.
156. Refinetti R. 2004b. Non-stationary time series and the robustness of circadian rhythms. J Theor Biol 227:571-581.
157. Refinetti R. 2006a. Circadian Physiology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press.
158. Refinetti R. 2006b. Variability of diurnality in laboratory rodents. J Comp Physiol A 192:701-714.
159. Refinetti R, Kaufman CM, Menaker M. 1994. Complete suprachiasmatic lesions eliminate circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and locomotor activity in golden hamsters. J Comp Physiol A 175:223-232.
160. Refinetti R, Piccione G. 2005. Intra- and inter-individual variability in the circadian rhythm of body temperature of rats, squirrels, dogs, and horses. J Therm Biol 30:139-146.
161. Reiner A, Yekutieli D, Benjamini Y. 2003. Identifying differentially expressed genes using false discovery rate controlling procedures. Bioinformatics 19:368-375.
162. Rietveld WJ. 1996. General introduction to chronobiology. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 29:63-70.
163. Ruf T. 1996. The baseline cosinus function: a periodic regression model for biological rhythms. Biol Rhythm Res 27:153-165.
164. Ruf T. 1999. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram in biological rhythm research: analysis of incomplete and unequally spaced time-series. Biol Rhythm Res 30:178-201.
165. Rummel J, Lee JK, Halberg F. 1974. Combined linear-nonlinear chronobiologic windows by least squares resolve neighboring components in a physiologic rhythm spectrum. In: Ferin M, Halberg F, Richart R, Wiele RV, editors. Biorhythms and Human Reproduction. New York: Wiley. pp 53-82.
166. Salti R, Galluzzi F, Bindi G, Perfetto F, Tarquini R, Halberg F, Cornélissen G. 2000. Nocturnal melatonin patterns in children. J Clin Endocr Metab 85:2137-2144.
167. Sanchez de la Peña S, Halberg F, Schweiger HG, Eaton J, Sheppard JR. 1983. Circadian and circaseptan rhythmic aspects of murine mortality from Plasmodium berghei inoculation. Chronobiologia 10:154-155.
168. Savage IR, Rao MM, Halberg F. 1962. Test of peak values in physiopathologic time series. Exp Med Surg 20:309-317.
169. Scarbrough K, Turek FW. 1996. Quantitative differences in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of tau mutant compared to wildtype hamsters. Brain Res 736:251-259.
170. Schimmel M. 2001. Emphasizing difficulties in the detection of rhythms with Lomb-Scargle periodograms. Biol Rhythm Res 32:341-345.
171. Schuster A. 1898. On the investigation of hidden periodicities with application to a supposed 26 day period of metereological phenomena. Terrestr Magnet 3:13-41.
172. Schweiger HG, Berger S, Kretschmer H, Morler H, Halberg E, Sothern RB, Halberg F. 1986. Evidence for a circaseptan and a circasemiseptan growth response to light/dark cycle shifts in nucleated and enucleated Acetabularia cells, respectively. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 83:8619-8623.
173. Sharma VK. 1996. Light-induced phase response curves of the circadian activity rhythm in individual field mice, Mus booduga. Chronobiol Int 13:401-409.
174. Shumway RH, Stoffer DS. 2000. Time Series Analysis and Its Implications. New York: Springer.
175. Siegel AF. 1980. Testing for periodicity in a time series. J Am Stat Assoc 75:345-348.
176. Siegel S. 1956. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
177. Simpson HW, Lobban MC, Halberg F. 1970. Urinary near-24-hour rhythms in subjects living on a 21-hour routine in the Arctic. Arctic Anthropol 7:144-164.
178. Simpson S, Galbraith JJ. 1906. Observations on the normal temperature of the monkey and its diurnal variation, and on the effect of changes in the daily routine on this variation. Trans R Soc Edinb 45:65-104.
179. Sokolove PG, Bushell WN. 1978. The chi square periodogram: its utility for analysis of circadian rhythms. J Theor Biol 72:131-160.
180. Sprinthall RC. 2003. Basic Statistical Analysis, 7th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
181. Stark J, Hardy K. 2003. Chaos: useful at last? Science 301:1192-1193.
182. Stillman JH, Barnwell FH. 2004. Relationship of daily and circatidal activity rhythms of the fiddler crab, Uca princeps, to the harmonic structure of semidiurnal and mixed tides. Marine Biol 144:473-482.
183. Storey JD, Tibshirani R. 2003. Statistical significance for genomewide studies. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 100:9440-9445.
184. th Series 37:321-347.
185. Taylor J, Tibshirani R, Efron B. 2005. The 'miss rate' for the analysis of gene expression data. Biostatistics 6:111-117.
186. Tong YL, Nelson WL, Sothern RB, Halberg F. 1977. Estimation of the orthophase (timing of high values) on a nonsinusoidal rhythm, illustrated by the best timing for experimental cancer chronotherapy. Proceedings of the XII International Conference of the International Society for Chronobiology, Washington, D.C., Il Ponte, Milan. pp 765-769.
187. Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, Van Hartevelt JH, Kruyt EW. 1999a. A procedure of multiple period searching in unequally spaced time series with the Lomb-Scargle method. Biol Rhythm Res 30:149-177.
188. Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, Van Hartevelt JH, Kruyt EW. 1999b. Searching for biological rhythms: peak detection in the periodogram of unequally spaced data. J Biol Rhythms 14:617-620.
189. Vansteensel MJ, Deboer T, Dahan A, Meijer JH. 2003. Differential responses of circadian activity onset and offset following GABA-ergic and opioid receptor activation. J Biol Rhythms 18:297-306.
190. Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML. 1994. Analytical methods for evaluating episodic secretory activity within the neuroendocrine axes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 18:605-612.
191. Vogelbaum MA, Menaker M. 1992. Temporal chimeras produced by hypothalamic transplants. J Neurosci 12:3619-3627.
192. Wackerly DD, Mendenhall W, Scheaffer RL. 2002. Mathematical Statistics with Applications, 6th Edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury.
193. Walker JS. 1988. Fourier Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
194. Walker JS. 1996. Fast Fourier Transforms, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
195. Wang Y, Ke C, Brown MB. 2003. Shape-invariant modeling of circadian rhythms with random effects and smoothing spline ANOVA decompositions. Biometrics 59:804-812.
196. Watanabe Y, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. 2003. Thousands of blood pressure and heart rate measurements at fixed clock hours may mislead. Neuroendocrinol Lett 24:339-340.
197. Weinert D, Fritzche P, Gattermann R. 2001. Activity rhythms of wild and laboratory golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) under entrained and free-running conditions. Chronobiol Int 18:921-932.
198. Weiss NA. 2005. Elementary Statistics, 6th ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
199. Williams JA, Sehgal A. 2001. Molecular components of the circadian system in Drosophila. Ann Rev Physiol 63:729-755.
200. Wikelski M, Hau M. 1995. Is there an endogenous tidal foraging rhythmin marine iguanas? J Biol Rhythms 10:335-350.
201. Wollnik F, Schmidt B. 1995. Seasonal and daily rhythms of body temperature in the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) under semi-natural conditions. J Comp Physiol B 165:171-182.
202. Wulff K, Wulff W, Siegmund R. 2003. Circadian patterns of rest and
203. Yamamoto T, Nakahata Y, Soma H, Akashi M, Mamine T, Takumi T. 2004. Transcriptional oscillation of canonical clock genes in mouse peripheral tissues. BMC Mol Biol 5:art. 18.
204. Yoo SH, Yamazaki S, Lowrey PL, Shimomura K, Ko CH, Buhr ED, Siepka SM, Hong HK, Oh WJ, Yoo OJ, Menaker M, Takahashi JS. 2004. PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE real-time reporting of circadian dynamics reveals persistent circadian oscillations in mouse peripheral tissues. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 101:5339-5346.
205. Zeger SL, Irizarry R, Peng RD. 2006. On time series analysis of public health and biomedical data. Ann Rev Publ Health 27:57-79.
206. Zivkovic BD, Underwood H, Steele CT, Edmonds K. 1999. Formal properties of the circadian and photoperiodic systems of Japanese quail: phase response curve and effects of T-cycles. J Biol Rhythms 14:378-390.
207. Zvonic S, Ptitsyn AA, Conrad SA, Scott LK, Floyd ZE, Kilroy G, Wu XY, Goh BC, Mynatt RL, Gimble JM. 2006. Characterization of peripheral circadian clocks in adipose tissues. Diabetes 55:962-970.