Vegetation and sedimentation in the Lake Edward Basin, Uganda-Congo during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

Journal of Paleolimnology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-18

  Beuning, Kristina R M ^a   Russell, James M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN EAU CLAIRE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

East Africa; Lake Edward; Old carbon; Palynology; Radiocarbon dating; Sulfur

Indexed keywords

HOLOCENE; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; PALEOCLIMATE; PALYNOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RUNOFF; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICAN LAKES; LAKE EDWARD; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

ALCHORNEA; AMARANTHACEAE; ASTERACEAE; BACILLARIOPHYTA; CELTIS; MORACEAE; POACEAE;

EID: 3442881963     PISSN: 09212728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:JOPL.0000025253.51135.c4     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Abbott M.B. and Stafford T.W. 1996. Radiocarbon geochemistry of modern and ancient Arctic lake systems, Baffin Island, Canada. Quat. Res. 45: 300-311.
2. Alley R.B., Mayewski P., Sowers T., Stuiver M., Taylor K.C. and Clark P.U. 1997. Holocene climate instability: a prominent, widespread event 8200 years ago. Geology 25: 483-486.
3. Ammann B. and Lotter A.F. 1989. Late-Glacial radiocarbon-and palynostratigraphy on the Swiss plateau. Boreas 18: 109-126.
4. 210Pb to the sediments. Cantena 5: 1-8.
5. Barker P.A., Street-Perrott F.A., Leng M.J., Greenwood P.B., Swain D.L., Perrott R.A., Telford R.J. and Ficken K.J. 2001. A 14 000-Year oxygen isotope record from diatom silica in two alpine lakes on Mt. Kenya. Science 292: 2307-2310.
6. Beadle L.C. 1966. Prolonged stratification and deoxygenation in tropical lakes I. Crater Lake Nkugute, Uganda, compared with Lakes Bunyoni and Edward. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2: 152-163.
7. Beadle L.C. 1981. The Inland Waters of Tropical Africa: An Introduction to Tropical Limnology. Longman, London, 475 pp.
8. Beuning K.R.M. 1997. Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetation, climate and hydrology of Lakes Albert and Victoria, East Africa. PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, 183 pp.
9. Beuning K.R.M. 1999. Modern pollen, vegetation and charcoal abundance in the lowland crater lakes of western Uganda. Abstract - International Quaternary Association Meeting, Durban South Africa, August 1999.
10. Beuning K.R.M., Talbot M.R. and Kelts K.R. 1997. A revised 30 000-year paleoclimatic and paleohydrological history of Lake Albert, East Africa. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 136: 259-279.
11. Bishop W.W. 1969. Pleistocene stratigraphy of Uganda. Geological Survey of Uganda Memoir no. 10, 115 pp.
12. Boven A., Pasteels P., Punzalan L.E., Yamba T.K. and Musisi J.H. 1998. Quaternary perpotassic magmatism in Uganda (Toro-Ankole Volcanic Province): age assessment and significance for magmatic evolution along the East African rift. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 26: 463-476.
13. Brooks A.S. and Smith C.C. 1987. Ishango revisited: new age determinations and cultural interpretations. Afr. Archae. Rev. 5: 65-78.
14. Brown T.A., Nelson D.E., Mathews R.W., Vogel J.S. and Southon J.R. 1989. Radiocarbon dating of pollen by accelerator mass spectrometry. Quat. Res. 32: 205-212.
15. de Heinzelin J. and Verniers J. 1996. Realm of the upper Semliki (Eastern Zaire): an essay on historical geology. Ann. Koninklijk Mus. Midden-Afrika 102: 3-83.
16. Dean W. 1974. Determination of carbonate and organic matter is calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J. Sediment. Petrol. 44: 242-248.
17. DeBusk G.H.J. 1997. The distribution of pollen in the surface sediments of Lake Malawi, Africa, and the transport of pollen in large lakes. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 97: 123-153.
18. Degens E.T., von Herzen R.P., Wong H., Deuser W.G. and Jannasch H.W. 1973. Lake Kivu: Structure, chemistry, and biology of an East African rift lake. Geol. Rund. 62: 245-277.
19. 14C content of materials from hardwater lakes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 40: 285-288.
20. DeMaster D.J. 1979. The marine budgets of silica and Si 32. PhD dissertation. Yale University, 308 pp.
21. DeMenocal P., Ortiz J., Guilderson T. and Sarnthein M. 2000. Coherent high- and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period. Science 288: 2198-2202.
22. Des Marais D.J. 2001. Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Precambrian. In: Valley J.W. and Cole D.R. (eds), Stable Isotope Geochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol 43. The Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp. 555-578.
23. Ebinger C.J. 1989. Tectonic development of the western branch of the East African rift valley. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 101: 117-133.
24. Eby G.N., Lloyd F.E., Woolley A.R., Stoppa F. and Weaver S.D. 2003. Geochemistry and mantle source(s) for carbonatitic and potassic lavas, western branch of the East-African rift system, SW Uganda. Geolines 15: 15-19.
25. Faegri K., Krzywinski K., Iversen J. and Kaland P.E. 2000. Textbook of Pollen Analysis. IV edn. Blackburn Press, 340 pp.
26. Fenchel T., King G.M. and Blackburn T.H. 1998. Bacterial Biogeochemistry: The Ecophysiology of Mineral Cycling. Academic Press, London, 307 pp.
27. Gasse F. 1977. Evolution of Lake Abhé (Ethiopia and TFAI) from 70 000 BP. Nature 265: 42-45.
28. Gasse F. 2000. Hydrological Changes in the African tropics since the last glacial maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 19: 189-211.
29. Gasse F. and Van Campo E. 1994. Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126: 435-456.
30. Gasse F., Ledee V., Masault M. and Fontes J.C. 1989. Water-level fluctuations of Lake Tanganyika in phase with oceanic changes during the last glaciation and deglaciation. Nature 342: 57-59.
31. Gasse F., Barker P. and Johnson T. 2002. A 24,600 year diatom record from the northern Lake Malawi basin. In: Odada E.O. and Olago D. (eds), The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, Biodiversity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 393-414.
32. Goldhaber M.B. and Kaplan I.R. 1974. The sulfur cycle. In: Goldberg E.D. (ed.), The Sea, vol. 5, Wiley, New York, pp. 569-655.
33. Government of Uganda, 1996. Land Cover Stratification (Vegetation) Map of Uganda. Scale 1:900, 000. National Biomass Study, Kampala.
34. Haberyan K.A. and Hecky R.E. 1987. The late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy and paleolimnology of Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 61: 169-197.
35. Hecky R.E. and Degens E.T. 1973. Late Pleistoncene-Holocene chemical stratigraphy and paleolimnology of the Rift Valley Lakes of central Africa. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report 73: 93 pp.
36. Hedberg O. 1951. Vegetation belts of the East African mountains. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 45: 140-202.
37. Hedberg O. 1955. Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation on the East African mountains. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 165: 134-136.
38. Johnson T.C. 1996. Sedimentary processes and signals of past climatic change in the large lakes of the East African rift valley. In: Johnson T.C. and Odada E.O. (eds), The Limnology, Climatology, and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes. Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam, pp. 367-412.
39. Johnson T.C., Scholz C.A., Talbot M.R., Kelts K., Ricketts R.D., Ngobi G., Beuning K.R.M., Ssemmanda I. and McGill J.W. 1996. Late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and rapid evolution of cichlid fishes. Science 273: 1091-1093.
40. Johnson T.C., Chan Y., Beuning K.R.M., Kelts K., Ngobi G. and Verschuren D. 1998. Biogenic silica profiles in Holocene cores from Lake Victoria: implications for lake level history of Initiation of the Victoria Nile. In: Lehman J.T. (ed.), Environmental Change and Response in East African Lakes, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 75-88.
41. Johnson T.C., Brown E.T., McManus J., Barry S., Barker P. and Gasse F. 2002. A high-resolution paleoclimate record spanning the past 25 000 years in southern East Africa. Science 296: 113-117.
42. Kelts K. and Hsu K.J. 1978. Freshwater carbonate sedimentation. In: Lerman A.J. (ed.), Lakes - Chemistry, Geology, Physics, Springer, New York, pp. 295-323.
43. Kelts K., Briegel U., Ghilardi K. and Hsu K. 1986. The limnogeology-ETH coring system. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 48: 104-115.
44. Kendall R.L. 1969. An ecological history of the Lake Victoria basin. Ecol. Monogr. 39(2): 121-176.
45. Kilham P. 1984. Sulfate in inland waters: sulfate to chloride ratios. Int. Ver. Theor. Agnew. Limnol. Verh. 22: 296-302.
46. Krause G.L., Schelske C.L. and Davis C.O. 1983. Comparison of three wet alkaline methods of digestion of biogenic silica in water. Freshwat. Biol. 13: 73-81.
47. Laerdal T. 2000. Lakes Edward, George, and Victoria (Uganda): A study of late Quaternary rift tectonics, sedimentation, and paleoclimate. PhD thesis, University of Bergen.
48. Laerdal T. and Talbot M.R. 2002. Basin neotectonics of Lakes Edward and George, East African rift. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 187: 213-232.
49. Laerdal T., Talbot M.R. and Russell J.M. 2002. Late Quaternary sedimentation and climate in the Lakes Edward and George area, Uganda-Congo. In: Odada E.O. and Olago D. (eds), The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, Biodiversity, Kluwer Adademic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 429-470.
50. Lamb H.F., Gasse F., Benkaddour A., El Hamouti N., van der Kaars S., Perkins W.T., Pearce N.J. and Roberts C.N. 1995. Relation between century-scale Holocene arid intervals in tropical and temperate zones. Nature 373: 134-137.
51. Langdale-Brown I., Osmaston H.A. and Wilson J.G. 1964. The vegetation of Uganda and its bearing on land use. Government of Uganda, Entebbe, pp. 159.
52. Laseski R.A. 1983. Modern pollen spectra from Eastern Africa and Late-Quaternary rainfall estimates for northern Lake Victoria. Unpublished PhD thesis, Brown University.
53. Lehman J. 2002. Application of AVHRR to water balance, mixing dynamics, and water chemistry of Lake Edward, East Africa. In: Odada E.O. and Olago D. (eds), The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, Biodiversity, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 236-260.
54. Livingstone D.A. 1975. Late Quaternary climatic change in Africa. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 6: 249-280.
55. Losher A.J. and Kelts K.R. 1990. Organic sulfur fixation in freshwater lake sediments and the implication for C/S ratios. Terra Nova 1: 253-261.
56. Lyons T.W. and Berner R.A. 1992. Carbon-sulfur-iron systematics of the uppermost deep-water sediments of the Black Sea. Chem. Geol. 99: 1-27.
57. Marchant R., Taylor D. and Hamilton A. 1997. Late Pleistocene and Holocene History at Mubwindi Swamp, Southwest Uganda. Quat. Res. 47: 316-328.
58. McKenzie J.A. 1985. Carbon isotopes and productivity in the lacustrine and marine environment. In: Stumm W. (ed.), Chemical Processes in Lakes, Wiley, New York, pp. 99-118.
59. Mora G., Boom A. and Pratt L.M. 2002. Biogeochemical characteristics of lacustrine sediments reflecting a changing alpine neotropical ecosystem during the Pleistocene. Quat. Res. 58: 189-196.
60. Mugadu E.I. 2000. Geothermal energy in the development of Uganda. In: Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, International Geothermal Association June 2000 meeting. Kyushu, Japan, pp. 229-235.
61. Nicholson S.E. 1996. A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in Eastern Africa. In: Johnson T.C. and Odada E.O. (eds), The Limnology, Climatology, and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, Gordon Breach, Newark, pp. 22-56.
62. Olsson I. 1986. Radiometric dating. In: Berglund B.E. (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, Wiley, New York, pp. 273-311.
63. Raiswell R. and Berner R.A. 1985. Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments. Am. J. Sci. 285: 710-724.
64. Raiswell R., Buckley F., Berner R.A. and Anderson T.F. 1988. Degree of pyritization of iron as a paleoenvironmental indicator of bottom-water oxygenation. J. Sediment. Petrol. 58: 812-819.
65. Regnéll J. 1992. Preparing pollen concentrates for AMS dating: a methodological study from a hard-water lake in southern Sweden. Boreas 21: 273-277.
66. Rubin M. and Suess H.E. 1956. US Geological Survey radiocarbon dates III. Science 123: 442-448.
67. Russell J.M., Johnson T.C., Kelts K.R., Laerdal T. and Talbot M.R. 2003. An 11 000-year liithostratigraphic and paleohydrologic record from equatorial Africa: Lake Edward, Uganda-Congo. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 193: 25-49.
68. Russell J.M., Johnson T.C. and Talbot M.R. 2003. A 725-yr cycle in the climate of central Africa during the late Holocene. Geology 31: 677-680.
69. Schnurrenberger D.W., Russell J.M. and Kelts K.R. 2003. Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components. J. Paleolim. 29: 141-154.
70. Sonzogni C., Bard E. and Rostek F. 1998. Tropical sea-surface temperatures during the last glacial period: a view based on alkenones in Indian Ocean sediments. Quat. Sci. Rev. 17: 1185-1201.
71. Stager J.C. and Mayewski P. 1997. Abrupt early and Mid-Holocene climatic transition registered at the equator and the poles. Science 276: 92-95.
72. Street F.A. 1979. Late Quaternary precipitation estimates for the Ziway-Shala Basin, southern Ethiopia. Palaeoecol. Afr. 11: 135-141.
73. Struhsaker T.T., Kasenene J.M., Gaither J.C. Jr., Larsen N., Musango S. and Bancroft R. 1989. Tree mortality in the Kibale Forest, Uganda: A case study of dieback in a tropical rain forest adjacent to exotic confier plantations. For. Ecol. Manage. 29: 165-185.
74. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., Bard E., Beck J.W., Burr G.S., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., v.d. Plicht J. and Spurk M. 1998. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24, 000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40: 1041-1083.
75. Talbot M.R. and Kelts K.R. 1991. Paleolimnological signatures from carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in carbonates from organic-rich lacustrine sediments. In: Katz B. (ed), Lacustrine Basin Exploration: Case Studies and Modern Analogs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 50, Denver, USA, pp. 99-112.
76. Uganda Land and Surveys Department, 1961. Vegetation Map of Uganda. Scale 1:4 000 000. In: Handbook of Natural Resources of East Africa. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi.
77. Uganda Land and Surveys Department, 1967. Topographic map of Rubirizi. Sheet 76/III. Scale: 1:50 000, Series Edition Y 732. Department of Land and Surveys, Uganda Government.
78. Verschuren D. 1993. A lightweight extruder for accurate sectioning of soft-bottom lake sediment cores in the field. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 1796-1802.
79. Vincens A., Chalie F. and Bonnefille R. 1993. Pollen-derived rainfall and temperature estimates from Lake Tanganyika and their implication for Late-Pleistocene water levels. Quat. Res. 40: 343-350.
80. White F. 1983. The Vegetation of Africa. A Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris, 356 pp.