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For recent examples on the hydrogen-abstraction properties of excited aromatic ketones, see: a
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For recent examples on the hydrogen-abstraction properties of excited aromatic ketones, see: a) D. Dondi, I. Caprioli, M. Fagnoni, M. Mella, A. Albini, Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 947-957;
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a) D. Dondi, M. Fagnoni, A. Molinari, A. Maldotti, A. Albini, Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 142-148;
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F. A. Macías, J. M. G. Molinillo, G. M. Massanet, F. Rodriguez-Luis, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 3345-3352.
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26
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34250816571
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Note that the acylation was successful with ketones 2c,d,f despite their competitive absorption; compare with Ref. [11b].
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Note that the acylation was successful with ketones 2c,d,f despite their competitive absorption; compare with Ref. [11b].
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27
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0034827231
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a) F. Jent, H. Paul, E. Roduner, M. Heming, H. Fischer, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 1986, 18, 1113-1122;
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33
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0000884797
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For a related example of photochemical acylation reaction at temperatures below ambient temperatures, see: P. Gottschalk, D. C. Neckers, J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 3498-3502
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For a related example of photochemical acylation reaction at temperatures below ambient temperatures, see: P. Gottschalk, D. C. Neckers, J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 3498-3502.
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34
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34250851069
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-1; see Ref. [1].
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-1; see Ref. [1].
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35
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34250871331
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-1). See Ref. [18a].
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-1). See Ref. [18a].
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36
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34250837169
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The rate constants for the decarbonylation of aldehydes and for the addition of pivaloyl radical to acrylonitrile are known with considerable uncertainty, In the hypothesis that these values roughly apply to the present reaction, the acylation/alkylation ratios are predicted to be 3.5 and 0.9 for secondary and tertiary aldehydes at 23°C, and 0.005 and 0.02 at -20°C. This prediction fits with the observed trend, although the k -CO/kadd ratio is clearly larger in the present reactions, particularly for tertiary aldehydes
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add ratio is clearly larger in the present reactions, particularly for tertiary aldehydes.
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-
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37
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0004775241
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Some exceptions are known, but these involve either a highly activated trap such as a captodative olefin (S. Mignani, R. Merenyi, Z. Janousek, H. G. Viehe, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1984, 93, 991-997)
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Some exceptions are known, but these involve either a highly activated trap such as a captodative olefin (S. Mignani, R. Merenyi, Z. Janousek, H. G. Viehe, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1984, 93, 991-997)
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38
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0001397899
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or reactions on a metal center rather than via the free radical in solution, as when starting from alkyliron carbonyls (B. Giese, G. Thoma, Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1143-1155).
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or reactions on a metal center rather than via the free radical in solution, as when starting from alkyliron carbonyls (B. Giese, G. Thoma, Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1143-1155).
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