Evaluations of the chemical mass balance method for determining contributions of gasoline and diesel exhaust to ambient carbonaceous aerosols

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 721-740

  Fujita, Eric M ^a   Campbell, David E ^a   Arnott, William P ^a,b   Chow, Judith C ^a   Zielinska, Barbara ^a  

^a DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GASOLINE; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; ORGANIC CARBON; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; QUALITY ASSURANCE;

AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS; CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE; ELEMENTAL CARBON (EC); TOTAL CARBON (TC);

ENERGY MANAGEMENT;

BENZO[GHI]PERYLENE; CARBON; CORONENE; DIESEL FUEL; GASOLINE; HOPANOID; INDENO[1,2,3 CD]PYRENE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON;

AEROSOL; AIR MONITORING; AIR QUALITY; AIR SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CARBON SOURCE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXHAUST GAS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MOTOR VEHICLE; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREA;

EID: 34250790357     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.721     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Hopke, P.K. Receptor Modeling for Air Quality Management; Elsevier: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1997.
2. Henry, R.C. History and Fundamentals of Multivariate Air Quality Receptor Models; Chemom. Intell. Lab. Sys. 1997, 37, 37-42.
3. Watson, J.G.; Zhu, T.; Chow, J.C.; Engelbrecht, J.; Fujita, E.M.; Wilson, W.W. Receptor Modeling Application Framework for Particle Source Apportionment; Chemosphere. 2002, 49, 1093-1136.
4. Schauer, J.J.; Rogge, W.F.; Hildemann, L.M.; Mazurek, M.A.; Cass, G.R. Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 3837-3855.
5. Watson, J.; Fujita E.; Chow, J.; Zielinska, B.; Richards, L.; Neff, W.; Dietrich, D. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study; Final Report Prepared for Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
6. Fujita, E.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Robinson, N.; Richards, L.; Kumar, N. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study. Volume C: Source Apportionment and Simulation Methods and Evaluation; Final Report Prepared for Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
7. Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Pollutants during a Severe Photochemical Smog Episode; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3806-3814.
8. Sagebiel, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Walsh, P.A.; Chow, J.C.; Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.; Knapp, K.T.; Zweidinger, R.B.; Snow, R. PM-10 Exhaust Samples Collected during IM-240 Dynamometer Tests of In-Service Vehicles in Nevada; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 75-83.
9. Zielinska, B.; McDonald, J.; Hayes, T.; Chow, J.C.; Fujita, E.M.; Watson, J.G. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study, Volume B: Source Measurements; DRI Document No. 6580-685-8750.3F2, Prepared for Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
10. Schauer, J.J.; Rogge, W.F.; Mazurek, M.A.; Hildemann, L.M.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 3837-3855.
11. Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 2. C-1 through C-30 Organic Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel Trucks; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 1578-1587.
12. Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emission from Air Pollution Sources. 3. C-1 through C-29 Organic Compounds from Fireplace Combustion of Wood; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1716-1728.
13. McDonald, J.D.; Zielinska, B.; Fujita, E.M.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G. Fine Particle and Gaseous Emission Rates from Residential Wood Combustion; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 2080-2091.
14. Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.C. Collection of In-Use Mobile Source Emissions Samples for Toxicity Testing; Project No. RCI-8-18148-01; Final Report Prepared for National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2001.
15. Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Arnott, W.P.; Rogers, C.F.; Kelly, K.E.; Wagner, D.A.; Lightly, J.S.; Sarofim, A.F.; Palmer, G. Phase and Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel and Gasoline Vehicle Emissions; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 2557-2567.
16. Lev-On, M.; LeTavec, C.; Uihlein, J.; Kimura, K.; Alleman, T. L.; Lawson, D. R.; Vertin, K;. Thompson, G. J.; Clark, N.; Gautam, M.; Wayne, S.; Okamoto, R.; Rieger, P.; Yee, G.; Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.; Chatterjeee, S.; Hallstrom K. Chemical Speciation of Exhaust Emissions from Trucks and Buses Fueled on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel and CNG. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0432; Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, PA, 2002.
17. McDonald, J.D.; Zielinska, B.; Fujita, E.M.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G. Emissions from Charbroiling and Grilling of Chicken and Beef; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53, 185-194.
18. White, W. Considerations in the Measurement of Vehicle Exhaust to Support Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Analysis; Report Prepared for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2000.
19. Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell, R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies. Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185-1201.
20. 2.5 by the EPA/NIOSH Method. In Proceedings, Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology-2002; Winegar, E.D., Tropp, R.J., Eds.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, November 13-15, 2002; pp 83-1-83-19.
21. Fujita, E.M.; Zielinska, B.; Campbell D.E.; Arnott, W.P.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Mazzoleni, L.; Chow, J.C.; Gabele, P.A.; Crews, W.; Snow, R.; Clark, N.N.; Wayne, W.S.; and Lawson D.R. Variations in Speciated Emissions from Spark-Ignition and Compression-Ignition Motor Vehicles in California's South Coast Air Basin; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2007, 57, 705-720.
22. Gabele P. Support of the Gasoline/Diesel Particulate Matter Split Study; Final report submitted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to Department of Energy through Interagency Agreement (IAG) No. DE-AI04-2001AL67138; Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2003.
23. Clark N.N.; Wayne, W.S.; Nine, R.D.; Lyons D.W; Thompson, G. Gasoline-Diesel PM Split Study: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Collection Phase. Final Report Submitted by West Virginia University Research Corporation to Department of Energy through NREL Subcontract ACL-1-31043-01, September 23, 2002.
24. Arnott, W.P.; Moosmüller, H.; Rogers, C.F.; Jin, T.; Bruch R. Photoacoustic Spectrometer for Measuring Light Absorption by Aerosols: Instrument Description. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2845-2852.
25. Arnott, W.P.; Moosmüller, H.; Walker, J.W. Nitrogen Dioxide and Kerosene-Flame Soot Calibration of Photoacoustic Instruments for Measurement of Light Absorption by Aerosols; Rev. Sci. Instruments 2000, 71, 4545-4552.
26. Arnott, W.P.; Zielinska, B.; Rogers, C.F.; Sagebiel, J.; Park, K.; Chow, J.C.; Moosmüller, H.; Watson, J.G.; Kelly, K.; Wagner, D.; Sarofim, A.; Lighty, J.; Palmer, G. Evaluation of 1047-nm Photoacoustic Instruments and Photoelectric Aerosol Sensors in Source-Sampling of Black Carbon Aerosol and Particle-Bound PAHs from Gasoline and Diesel Powered Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5398-5406.
27. Watson J, G.; Cooper, J.A.; Huntzicker, J.J. The Effective Variance Weighting for Least Squares Calculations Applied to the Mass Balance Receptor Model; Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18, 1347-1355.
28. Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.; McDonald, J.D.; Whitney, K.; Lawson, D.R. Emission Rates and Comparative Chemical Composition from Selected In-Use Diesel and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 1138-1150.
29. Schauer, J.J. Evaluation of Elemental Carbon as a Marker for Diesel Particulate Matter; J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2003, 13, 443-453.
30. Zheng, M.; Cass, G.R.; Schauer, J.J.; Edgerton, E.S. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in the Southeastern United States Using Solvent-Extractable Organic Compounds as Tracers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 2361-2371.
31. Pace, T.G.; Watson, J.G. Protocol for Applying and Validating the CMB Model; EPA 450/4-87-010; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1987.
32. Chow, J.; Watson, J.; Crow, D.; Lowenthal, D. Merrifield, T. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 23-34.
33. Chow J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Chen, A.L.-W.; Arnott, W.P; Moosmuller H.; Fung, K. Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocols; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4414-4422.