Biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in three habitats at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 201-216

  Miller, David S ^a   Sauther, Michelle L ^b   Hunter Ishikawa, Mandala ^a,h   Fish, Krista ^b   Culbertson, Heather ^c   Cuozzo, Frank P ^d   Campbell, Terry W ^a   Andrews, Gordon A ^e   Chavey, Patricia Sue ^e   Nachreiner, Raymond ^f   Rumbeiha, Wilson ^f   Stacewicz Sapuntzakis, Maria ^g   Lappin, Michael R ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA   (United States)

^e KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^h NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Free ranging; Gender; Habitat; Health; Lemur catta; Ring tailed lemur

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL PARASITOSIS; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BLOOD EXAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FEMALE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MADAGASCAR; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PROSIMIAN; REFERENCE VALUE; SEX DIFFERENCE; WILD ANIMAL;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; BACTERIA; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; FEMALE; HEMATOLOGIC TESTS; LEMUR; MADAGASCAR; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PARASITIC DISEASES, ANIMAL; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; REFERENCE VALUES; SEX FACTORS;

ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ANIMALIA; BARTONELLA; EHRLICHIA; LEMUR; LEMUR CATTA; LEMURIDAE; NEORICKETTSIA RISTICII; STREPSIRHINI; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 34250761447     PISSN: 10427260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0201:BEOFRL]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Allsopp, M. T. E. P., M. Louw, and E. C. Meyer. 2005. Ehrlichia ruminantium - an emerging human pathogen. SAMJ (S. Afr. Med. J.) 95: 541.
2. Andrews, G. A., P. S. Chavey, L. M. Mazzaro, J. L. Dunn, and D. J. St. Aubin. 2004. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate serum ferritin in the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). Zoo Biol. 23: 79-84.
3. Crissey, S. D., J. E. Barr, K. A. Slifka, P. E. Bowen, M. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, C. Langman, A. Ward, and K. Ange. 1999. Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamins A and E, vitamin D metabolites, and carotenoids in nine primate species at four zoos. Zoo Biol. 18: 551-564.
4. Cuozzo, F. P., and M. L. Sauther. 2004. Tooth loss, survival, and resource use in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): implications for inferring conspecific care in fossil hominids. J. Hum. Evol. 46: 623-631.
5. Daszak, P., A. A. Cunningham, and A. D. Hyatt. 2000. Emerging infectious disease of wildlife: threats to biodiversity and human health. Science 287: 443-449.
6. Deem, S. L., W. B. Karesh, and W. Weisman. 2001. Putting theory into practice: wildlife health in conservation. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1224-1233.
7. Dromigny, J. A., J. L. Pecarrere, F. Leroy, G. Ollivier, and P. Boisier. 1996. Approche de la prevalence de la toxoplasmose à Tanarive. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exotic 89: 212-216.
8. Duncan, J. R., and K. W. Prasse. 1977. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, 2nd ed. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames, Iowa. P. 8.
9. Duplantier, J.-M., and J.-B. Ducheman. 2003. Human diseases and introduced small mammals. In: Goodman, S. M., and J. P. Benstead (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Pp. 158-161.
10. Du Puy, D. J., and J. Moat. 2003. Using geologic substrate to identify and map primary vegetation types in Madagascar and the implications for planning biodiversity conservation. In: Goodman, S. M., and J. P. Benstead (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Pp. 51-67.
11. Dutton, C. J., R. E. Junge, and E. E. Louis. 2003. Biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in Tsimanampetsotsa Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 34: 16-24.
12. Fish, K. D., M. L. Sauther, and E P. Cuozzo. 2004. Effects of habitat on fluctuating asymmetry in a population of wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 38: 94-95.
13. Fowler, M. E. 1978. Restraint. In: Fowler, M. E. (ed.). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp. 35-52.
14. Galen, R. S., and R. S. Gambino. 1975. Beyond Normality: The Predictive Value and Efficiency of Medical Diagnoses. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.
15. Giroud, P., J. Jadin, B. Fiocre, M. Capponi, N. Dumas, and A. Ryter. 1970. En pays divers, Afrique centrale, orientale, Madagascar, Iran, Sardaigne, France, chez des animaux parasités par des Anaplasma, des Babesia, des Theileria, on constate des sérologies positives sur le groupe Néorickettsien (Bedsonia, Cytoecetes Phagocytophilla). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exotic Filiales 63: 630-635.
16. Gray, T. K., G. E. Lester, G. Moore, D. Crews, E. L. Simons, and M. Stuart. 1982. Serum concentrations of calcium and vitamin D metabolites in prosimians. J. Med. Primatol. 11: 85-90.
17. Heard, D. J., and V. J. Huft. 1998. The effects of short-term physical restraint and isoflurane anesthesis on hematology and plasma biochemistry in the island flying fox (Pteropus hypomenlanus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 29: 14-17.
18. Homan, W. L., M. Vercammen, J. De Braekeleer, and H. Verschueren. 2000. Identification of a 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR. Int. J. Parasitol. 30: 69-75.
19. Jensen, W. A., M. R. Lappin, S. Kamker, and W. Reagan. 2001. Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and differentiate two strains of Haemobartonella felis in naturally infected cats. Am. J. Vet. Res. 62: 604-608.
20. Jensen, W. A., M. Z. Rooney, J. Rooney, D. Kordickm, and E. Breitschwerdt. 2000. Rapid identification and differentiation of Bartonella species using a single-step PCR assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 1717-1722.
21. Junge, R. 2003. Prosimians. In: Fowler, M. E., and R. E. Miller (eds.). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 5th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp. 334-346.
22. Jury, M. R. 2003. The climate of Madagascar. In: Goodman, S. M., and J. P. Benstead (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Pp. 75-87.
23. Kelly, P. J., G. N. Eoghain, and D. Raoult. 2004. Antibodies reactive with Bartonella henselae and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from communal lands of Zimbabwe. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 75: 116-120.
24. Kusiluka, L. J. M., B. Ojeniyi, N. F. Friis, B. Kokotovic, and P. Ahrens. 2001. Molecular analysis of field strains of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, small colony type isolated from goats in Tanzania. Vet. Microbiol. 82: 27-37.
25. Lappin, M. R., E. B. Breitschwerdt, W. A. Jensen, B. Dunnigan, J. Rha, C. R. Williams, M. Brewer, and M. Fall. 2004. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of cats in North America. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 225: 893-896.
26. Lowenstine, L. J, and L. Munson. 1999. Iron overload in the animal kingdom. In: Fowler, M. E. and R. E. Miller (eds.). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Current Therapy, 4. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp. 260-269.
27. Mittermeier, R. A., W. R. Konstant, M. E. Nicoll, and O. Langrand. 1992. Lemurs of Madagascar: an action plan for their conservation. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN Publications Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. 58 pp.
28. Nozais, J. P. 2003. The origin and dispersion of human parasitic diseases in the old world (Africa, Europe and Madagascar). Mem. Inst. Oswald. Cruz. 98(Suppl. 1): 13-19.
29. Plumb, D. C. 2005. Veterinary Drug Handbook, 5th ed. Black well Publishing, Ames, Iowa. P. 236.
30. Ramsey, F. L., and D. W. Schafer. 1997. The Statistical Sleuth: A Course in Methods of Data Analysis. Duxbury Press, Belmont, California.
31. Ratsirarson, J. 2003. Réserve Spéciale de Beza Mahafaly. In: Goodman, S. M., and J. P. Benstead (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Univ. Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois. Pp. 1520-1525.
32. Rietkerk, F. E., E. C. Delima, and S. M. Mubarak. 1994. The hematological profile of the mountain gazelle (Gazella gazelle); variations with sex, age, capture method, season, and anesthesia. J. Wildl. Dis. 30: 69-76.
33. Sackett, D. L, B. R. Haynes, G. H. Guyatt, and P. Tugwell. 1991. Clinical Epidemiology, a Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Little, Brown, and Co., Boston, Massachusetts.
34. Sauther, M. L., and F. P. Cuozzo, Somatic variation in living, wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Folia Primatol. (In Press).
35. Sauther, M. L., K. D. Fish, F. P. Cuozzo, D. S. Miller, M. Hunter-Ishikawa, and H. Culbertson. 2006. Patterns of health, disease, and behavior among wild ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta: effects of habitat and sex. In: Jolly, A., R.W. Sussman, N. Koyama, and H. Rasamimanana (eds.). Ring-tailed Lemur Biology. Springer, New York, New York. Pp. 313-331.
36. Sauther, M. L., and R. W. Sussman. 1993. A new interpretation of the organization and mating systems of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). In: Kappeler, P. M., and J. Ganzhorn (eds.). Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis. Plenum Press, New York, New York. Pp. 1.1-121.
37. Sauther, M. L., R. W. Sussman, and L. Gould. 1999. The socioecology of the ringtailed lemur: thirty-five years of study. Evol. Anthropol. 8: 120-132.
38. 3 in the marmoset, a New World monkey. Biochem. Biophys. Res, Commun. 114; 452-457.
39. Spelman, L. H., K. G. Osborn, and M. P. Anderson. 1989. Pathogenesis of hemosiderosis in lemurs: role of dietary iron, tannin, and ascorbic acid. Zoo Biol. 8: 239-251.
40. Sureau, P., J. P. Raynaud, C. Lapeire, and E. R. Brygoo. 1962. Premier isolement de Toxoplasma gondii a Madagascar. Toxoplasmose spontanée et expérimentale du Lemur catta. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exotic Filiales. 55: 357-362.
41. Terio, K. A., L. Marker, and L. Munson. 2004. Evidence for chronic stress in captive but not free-ranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) based on adrenal morphology and function. J. Wildl. Dis. 40: 259-266.
42. Thrall, M. A., D. C. Baker, T. W. Campbell, D. DeNicola, M. J. Fettman, E. D. Lassen, A. Rebar, and G. Weiser. 2004. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore. Maryland.
43. Tvedten, H., and R. L. Cowell. 1999. Cytology of neoplastic and inflammatory masses. In: Willard, M. D., H. Tvedten, and G. H. Turnwald (eds.). Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods, 3rd ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp. 310-323.
44. Ullrey, D. E. 2003. Metabolic bone diseases. In: Fowler, M. E., and R. E. Miller (eds.). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 5th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp. 749-756.
45. Whitelaw, D., M. L. Sauther, J. E. Loudon, and F. Cuozzo. 2005. Anthropogenic change in and around Beza-Mahafaly Reserve: methodology and results. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 40(Suppl.): 222.
46. Williams, C. V., J. Campbell, and K. M. Glenn. 2006. Comparison of serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, and percent transferrin saturation in nine species of apparently healthy captive lemurs. Am. J. Primatol. 68: 477-489.
47. Williams C. V., J. L. Van Steenhouse, J. M. Bradley, S. I. Hancock, B. C. Hegarty, and E. B. Breitschwerdt. 2002. Naturally occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in two prosimian primate species: ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 1497-1500.
48. Winsnes, M., R. Jeppsson. and B. Sjoberg. 1981. Diazepam adsorption to infusion sets and plastic syringes. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scan. 25: 93-6.
49. Wolfe, N. D., A. A. Escalante, W. B. Karesh, A. A. Kilbourn, and A. Lal. 1998. Wild primate populations in emerging infectious disease research: the missing link? Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4: 149-158.