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This systematic analysis of hospital admissions attributes a major role to hepatotoxicity
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McGovern BH, Ditelberg JS, Taylor LE, et al. Hepatic steatosis is associated with fibrosis, nucleoside analogue use, and hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection in HIV-seropositive patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:365-372. In this cohort of 260 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, steatosis was prevalent and associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Didanosine, stavudine and HCV genotype 3 were associated with hepatic steatosis.
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McGovern BH, Ditelberg JS, Taylor LE, et al. Hepatic steatosis is associated with fibrosis, nucleoside analogue use, and hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection in HIV-seropositive patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:365-372. In this cohort of 260 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, steatosis was prevalent and associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Didanosine, stavudine and HCV genotype 3 were associated with hepatic steatosis.
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8
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Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the prevalence and severity of steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
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Lemoine, M.1
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Riddle TM, Kuhel DG, Woollett LA, et al. HIV protease inhibitor induces fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis in liver and adipose tissues due to the accumulation of activated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:37514-37519.
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Riddle, T.M.1
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Zhou H, Gurley EC, Jarujaron S, et al. HIV protease inhibitors activate the unfolded protein response and disrupt lipid metabolism in primary hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291: G1071-G1080.
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Aranzabal L, Casado JL, Moya J, et al. Influence of liver fibrosis on highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated hepatotoxicity in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:588-593.
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Verma S, Wang CH, Govindarajan S, et al. Do type and duration of antiretroviral therapy attenuate liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients? Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:262-270. In 381 patients, HIV-HCV-coinfected patients effectively treated with antivirals had liver fibrosis comparable with HCV monoinfection. Increased scores were found with ineffective ART.
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Verma S, Wang CH, Govindarajan S, et al. Do type and duration of antiretroviral therapy attenuate liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients? Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:262-270. In 381 patients, HIV-HCV-coinfected patients effectively treated with antivirals had liver fibrosis comparable with HCV monoinfection. Increased scores were found with ineffective ART.
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15
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HAART attenuates liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection: Fact or fiction?
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Verma S. HAART attenuates liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection: fact or fiction? J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:496-501.
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Bräu N, Salvatore M, Rios-Bedoya CF, et al. Slower fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with successful HIV suppression using antiretroviral therapy. J Hepatol 2006; 44:47-55. This study shows that HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with effective ART have a slower progression of liver fibrosis than those with high HIV viral loads and a fibrosis progression rate similar to HCV-monoinfected individuals.
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Bräu N, Salvatore M, Rios-Bedoya CF, et al. Slower fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with successful HIV suppression using antiretroviral therapy. J Hepatol 2006; 44:47-55. This study shows that HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with effective ART have a slower progression of liver fibrosis than those with high HIV viral loads and a fibrosis progression rate similar to HCV-monoinfected individuals.
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Mehta SH, Thomas DL, Torbenson M, et al. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease among adults with HIV and hepatitis C coinfection. Hepatology 2005; 41:123-131.
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Kramer JR, Giordano TP, Souchek J, et al. The effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in U.S. veterans with hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:56-63.
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Kramer JR, Giordano TP, Souchek J, El Serag HB. Hepatitis C coinfection increases the risk of fulminant hepatic failure in patients with HIV in the HAART era. J Hepatol 2005; 42:309-314.
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Servoss JC, Kitch DW, Andersen JW, et al. Predictors of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity in the adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (1989-1999). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:320-323. An analysis of hepatotoxicity among a cohort of 8851 patients.
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Servoss JC, Kitch DW, Andersen JW, et al. Predictors of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity in the adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (1989-1999). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:320-323. An analysis of hepatotoxicity among a cohort of 8851 patients.
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Marazzi MC, Germano P, Liotta G, et al. Safety of nevirapine-containing antiretroviral triple therapy regimens to prevent vertical transmission in an African cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women. HIV Med 2006; 7:338-344. The incidence of grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity was relatively low in this study, with a high dropout rate.
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Marazzi MC, Germano P, Liotta G, et al. Safety of nevirapine-containing antiretroviral triple therapy regimens to prevent vertical transmission in an African cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women. HIV Med 2006; 7:338-344. The incidence of grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity was relatively low in this study, with a high dropout rate.
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Lyons F, Hopkins S, Kelleher B, et al. Maternal hepatotoxicity with nevirapine as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy. HIV Med 2006; 7:255-260. In a cohort of 123 women, eight women had significant hepatotoxicity, two women died.
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Lyons F, Hopkins S, Kelleher B, et al. Maternal hepatotoxicity with nevirapine as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy. HIV Med 2006; 7:255-260. In a cohort of 123 women, eight women had significant hepatotoxicity, two women died.
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De Lazzari E, Leon A, Arnaiz JA, et al. Risk of hepatotoxicity in virologically suppressed HIV patients switching to nevirapine according to gender and CD4 count. 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 27-30 September 2006; San Francisco, California. Abstract H-1064.
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De Lazzari, E.1
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McRae MP, Lowe CM, Tian X, et al. Ritonavir, saquinavir, and efavirenz, but not nevirapine, inhibit bile acid transport in human and rat hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:1068-1075.
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This work identifies a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase haplotype which predisposes to hyperbilirubinemia in atazanavir treatment and may have an additional role as a pharmacogenomic risk factor
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Lankisch TO, Moebius U, Wehmeier M, et al. Gilbert's disease and atazanavir: from phenotype to UDP-glucuronosyltransferase haplotype. Hepatology 2006; 44:1324-1332. This work identifies a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase haplotype which predisposes to hyperbilirubinemia in atazanavir treatment and may have an additional role as a pharmacogenomic risk factor.
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Hicks CB, Cahn P, Cooper DA, et al. Durable efficacy of tipranavir-ritonavir in combination with an optimised background regimen of antiretroviral drugs for treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients at 48 weeks in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategic Intervention in multidrug reSistant patients with Tipranavir (RESIST) studies: an analysis of combined data from two randomised open-label trials. Lancet 2006; 368:466-475. This study shows that serum transaminases are more frequently elevated with tipranavir than with comparator protease inhibitors.
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Uridine supplementation antagonizes zalcitabine-induced microvesicular steatohepatitis in mice
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In this animal model a causal link between γ-polymerase inhibitors and steatohepatitis is established. It is demonstrated that the preventive dietary supplementation of bioavailable uridine attenuates all aspects of this hepatotoxicity
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Lebrecht D, Vargas Infante YA, Setzer B, et al. Uridine supplementation antagonizes zalcitabine-induced microvesicular steatohepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2007; 15:72-79. In this animal model a causal link between γ-polymerase inhibitors and steatohepatitis is established. It is demonstrated that the preventive dietary supplementation of bioavailable uridine attenuates all aspects of this hepatotoxicity.
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