Hemispheric differences in Polar Mesospheric Cloud morphology observed by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Volumn 69, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 1407-1418

  Bailey, Scott M ^a   Merkel, Aimee W ^b,c   Thomas, Gary E ^b   Rusch, David W ^b  

^a State University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Hemispheric differences; Mesosphere; Noctilucent clouds; Polar Mesospheric Clouds

Indexed keywords

MESOSPHERE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS;

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; MORPHOLOGY; STATISTICAL METHODS;

CLOUDS;

EID: 34250644632     PISSN: 13646826     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bailey SM., Merkel A.W., Thomas G.E., and Carstens J.N. Observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 D13 (2005) D13203 10.1029/2004JD005422
2. Balsley B.B., Woodman R.F., Sarango M., Urbina J., Rodriguez R., Ragaini E., and Carey J. Southern-hemisphere PMSE: where are they?. Geophysical Research Letters 20 (1993) 1983-1985
3. Balsley B.B., Woodman R.F., Sarango M., Rodriguez R., Urbina J., Ragaini E., Carey J., Huaman M., and Giraldez A. On the lack of southern-hemisphere PMSE. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 11,685-11,693
4. Barth C.A., Mankoff K.E., Bailey S.M., and Solomon S.C. Global observations of nitric oxide in the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 A1 (2003) 1027 10.1029/2002JA009458
5. Baumgarten G., and Thomas G.E. The importance of ice particle shape on UV measurements of Polar Mesospheric Clouds: SBUV/2 observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 (2006) 78-84
6. Bremer J., Hoffmann P., Latteck R., and Singer W. Seasonal and long-term variation of PMSE from VHF radar observations at Andenes, Norway. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D8 (2003) 8438 10.1029/2002JD002369
7. Carbary J.F., Morrison D., and Romick G.J. Hemispheric latitude variations in light scattered from Polar Mesospheric Clouds. Geophysical Research Letters 28 4 (2001) 725-728
8. Carbary J.F., Morrison D., and Romick G.J. Hemispheric comparison of PMC altitudes. Geophysical ResearchLetters 28 4 (2001) 725-728
9. Chu X., Gardner C.S., and Pappen G. Lidar observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds at the south pole: diurnal variations. Geophysical Research Letters 26 (2001) 1937-1940
10. Chu X., Gardner C.S., and Roble R.G. Lidar studies of interannual, seasonal, and diurnal variations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds at the south pole. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D8 (2003) 10.1029/2002JD2524
11. Chu X., Nott G.J., Espy P.J., Gardner C.S., Diettrich J.C., Clilverd M.A., and Jarvis M.J. Lidar observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds at Rothera, Antarctica (67.5°S, 68.0°W). Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004) L02114 10.1029/2003GL018638
12. Czechowsky P., Rüster R., and Schmidt G. Variations of mesospheric structures in different seasons. Geophysical Research Letters 6 (1979) 459-462
13. DeLand M.T., Shettle E.P., Thomas G.E., and Olivero J.J. Solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds over two solar cycles. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D8 (2003) 8445 10.1029/2002JD002398
14. DeLand M.T., Shettle E.P., Thomasc G.E., and Olivero J.J. A quarter-century of satellite Polar Mesospheric Cloud observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 (2006) 9-29
15. Dowdy A., Vincent R.A., Igarashi K., Murayama Y., and Murphy D.J. A comparison of mean winds and gravity waves in the northern and southern polar MLT. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 1475-1478
16. Ecklund W.L., and Balsley B.B. Long-term observations of the arctic mesosphere with the MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 86 (1981) 7775-7780
17. Fiedler J., Baumgarten G., and von Cossart G. Noctilucent clouds above ALOMAR between 1997 and 2001: occurrence and properties. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D8 (2003) 8453 10.1029/2002JD002419
18. Gadsden A. Polar Mesospheric Clouds: the year to year changes shown in 17 years of images from both hemispheres. Advance in Space Research 28 7 (2001) 1083-1088
19. Hervig M., and Siskind D. Decadal and inter-hemispheric variability in Polar Mesospheric Clouds, water vapor, and temperature. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 (2006) 30-41
20. Huaman H.M., and Balsley B.B. Differences in near-mesopause summer winds, temperatures, and water vapor at northern and southern latitudes as possible causes for factors for inter-hemispheric PMSE differences. Geophysical Research Letters 26 11 (1999) 1529-1532
21. Jarvis M.J., Clilverd M.A., Rose M.C., and Rodwell S. Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) at Halley (76°S, 27°W), Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters. 32 6 (2005) L06816 10.1029/2004GL021804
22. Leslie R.J. Sky glows. Nature 33 (1885) 245
23. Lübken F.-J. Thermal structure of the arctic summer mesosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 D8 (1999) 9135-9149
24. Lübken F.-J., and Müllemann A. First in situ temperature measurements in the summer mesosphere at very high latitudes (78°N). Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D8 (2003) 8448 10.1029/2002JD002414
25. Lübken F.-J., Müllemann A., and Jarvis M.J. Temperatures and horizontal winds in the Antarctic summer mesosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004) D24112 10.1029/2004JD00513
26. McHugh M., Hervig M., Magill B., Thomson R.E., Remsburg E., Wrotny J., and Russell III J.M. Improved mesospheric temperature, water vapor, and Polar Mesospheric Cloud extinctions from HALOE. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003)
27. Merkel, A.W., 2002. Dynamical influences on Polar Mesospheric Clouds observed from the student nitric oxide explorer. Dissertation, University of Colorado.
28. Merkel A.W., Barth C.A., and Bailey S.M. Altitude determination of ultraviolet measurements made by the student nitric oxide explorer. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 A12 (2001) 30, 283
29. Merkel A.W., Thomas G.E., Palo S.E., and Bailey S.M. Observations of the 5-day planetary wave in PMC measurements from the student nitric oxide explorer satellite. Geophysical Research Letters 30 4 (2003) 10.1029/2002GL016524
30. Morris R.J., Murphy D.J., Reid I.M., Holdsworth D.A., and Vincent R.A. First polar mesosphere summer echoes observed at Davis, Antarctica (68.6°S). Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004) L16111 10.1029/2004GL020352
31. Morris R.J., Murphy D.J., Vincent R.A., Holdsworth D.A., Klekociuk A.R., and Reid I.M. Characteristics of the wind, temperature, and PMSE field above Davis, Antarctica. Journal of Atmopheric and Space Physics 68 (2006) 418-435
32. Olivero J.J., and Thomas G.E. Climatology of Polar Mesospheric Clouds. Journal of Atmospheric Science 43 (1986) 1263
33. Petelina S.V., Degenstein D.A., Llewellyn E.J., Lloyd N.D., Mertens C.J., Mlynczak M.G., and Russell J.M. Thermal conditions for PMC existence derived from Odin/OSIRIS and TIMED/SABER data. Geophysical Research Letters 32 (2005) 10.1029/2005GL023099
34. Petelina S.V., Llewellyn E.J., Degenstein D.A., and Lloyd N.D. Odin/OSIRIS limb observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds in 2001-2003. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 1 (2006) 42-55
35. Roble R.G., and Ridley E.C. A thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics genreal circulation model (TIME-GCM): Equinox solar cycle minimum simulations (30-500 km). Geophysical Research Letters 21 (1994) 417-420
36. Siskind D.E., Eckermann S.D., McCormack J.P., Alexander M.J., and Bacmeister J.T. Hemispheric differences in temperature of the summertime stratosphere and mesosphere. ournal of Geophysical Research 108 D2 (2003) 4051i 10.1029/2002JD002095
37. Siskind D.E., Stevens M.H., and Englert C.R. A model study of global variability in mesospheric cloudiness. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 63 (2005) 501-513
38. Shettle E.P., Thomas G.E., Olivero J.J., Evans W.F.J., Debrestian D.J., and Chardon L. Three-satellite comparison of Polar Mesospheric Clouds: evidence for long-term change. ournal of Geophysical Research 107 D12 (2002) 10.1029/2001JD000668
39. Thomas G.E. Climatology of Polar Mesospheric Clouds: interannual variability and implications for long-term trends, The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: a review of experiment and theory. Geophysical Monograph 87 (1995) 185-200
40. Thomas G.E. Are noctilucent clouds harbingers of global change in the middle atmosphere?. Advances in Remote Sensing of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and the Ionosphere 32 9 (2003) 1737-1746
41. Thomas G.E., and McKay C.P. On the mean particle size and water content of Polar Mesospheric Clouds. Planetary and Space Science 33 10 (1985) 1209-1224
42. Thomas G.E., and Olivero J.J. Climatology of Polar Mesospheric Clouds. 2. Further analysis of Solar Mesosphere Explorer Data. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 14,673-14,681
43. Thomas G.E., Olivero J.J., Deland M., and Shettle E.P. Comment on Are noctilucent clouds truly a "miner's canary" for global change?. EOS 84 36 (2003)
44. Woodman R.F., Balsley B.B., Aquino F., Flores L., Vazquez E., Sarango M., Huaman M., and Soldi H. First observations of pmse in Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (1999) 22,577-22,590
45. Woods T.N., Tobiska W.K., Rottman G.J., and Worden J.R. Improved solar Lyman a irradiance modeling from 1947 through 1999 based on UARS observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (2000) 27,195-27,215
46. Wrotny J.E., and Russell III J.M. Interhemispheric differences in Polar Mesospheric Clouds observed by the HALOE instrument. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 12 (2006) 1352-1369
47. von Zahn U. Are noctilucent clouds truly a "miner's canary" for global change?. EOS 84 28 (2003)