Does this patient have erythema migrans?

JAMA

Volumn 297, Issue 23, 2007, Pages 2617-2627

  Tibbles, Carrie D ^a,b   Edlow, Jonathan A ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS; EUROPE; FEVER; HEADACHE; HUMAN; LYME DISEASE; MEDLINE; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TICK BITE; UNITED STATES; INFORMATION PROCESSING; REVIEW;

DATA COLLECTION; ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS; HUMANS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION;

EID: 34250612553     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.297.23.2617     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Edlow J. Bull's Eye: Unraveling the Medical Mystery of Lyme Disease. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 2003.
2. Steere AC, Malawista SE, Snydman DR, et al. Lyme arthritis: an epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut communities. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20:7-17.
3. Steere AC, Hutchinson GJ, Rahn DW, et al. Treatment of the early manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:22-26.
4. Steere AC, Bartenhagen NH, Craft JE, et al. The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:76-82.
5. Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lyme disease: a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science. 1982;216:1317-1319.
6. Steere AC. Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345: 115-125.
7. Stanek G, Strle F. Lyme borreliosis. Lancet. 2003; 362:1639-1647.
8. Campbell GL, Paul WS, Schriefer ME, Craven RB, Robbins KE, Dennis DT. Epidemiologic and diagnostic studies of patients with suspected early Lyme disease, Missouri, 1990-1993. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:470-480.
9. Felz MW, Chandler FW Jr, Oliver JH Jr, Rahn DW, Schriefer ME. Solitary erythema migrans in Georgia and South Carolina. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:1317-1326.
10. Kirkland KB, Klimko TB, Meriwether RA, et al. Erythema migrans-like rash illness at a camp in North Carolina: a new tick-borne disease? Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2635-2641.
11. Masters EJ, Girardeau C. Erythema migrans in the South. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2162-2165.
12. Wormser GP, Masters E, Nowakowski J, et al. Prospective clinical evaluation of patients from Missouri and New York with erythema migrans-like skin lesions. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:958-965.
13. Snyder SB, Thurman RJ. Erythema migrans in Tennessee. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:224-227.
14. Armstrong PM, Brunet LR, Spielman A, Telford SR III. Risk of Lyme disease: perceptions of residents of a Lone Star tick-infested community. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:916-925.
15. Wormser GP, Masters E, Liveris D, et al. Microbiologic evaluation of patients from Missouri with erythema migrans. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:423-428.
16. Philipp MT, Masters E, Wormser GP, Hogrefe W, Martin D. Serologic evaluation of patients from Missouri with erythema migrans-like skin lesions with the C6 Lyme test. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13:1170-1171.
17. Varela AS, Luttrell MP, Howerth EW, et al. First culture isolation of Borrelia lonestari, putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:1163-1169.
18. James AM, Liveris D, Wormser GP, Schwartz I, Montecalvo MA, Johnson BJ. Borrelia lonestari infection after a bite by an Amblyomma americanum tick. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1810-1814.
19. Steere AC, Malawista SE, Newman JH, Spieler PN, Bartenhagen NH. Antibiotic therapy in Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:1-8.
20. Logar M, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Maraspin V, et al. Comparison of erythema migrans caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. Infection. 2004;32:15-19.
21. Bennet L, Fraenkel CJ, Garpmo U, et al. Clinical appearance of erythema migrans caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii - effect of the patient's sex. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006;118:531-537.
22. Carlsson SA, Granlund H, Jansson C, Nyman D, Wahlberg P. Characteristics of erythema migrans in Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii infections. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35:31-33.
23. Strle F, Nadelman RB, Cimperman J, et al. Comparison of culture-confirmed erythema migrans caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in New York State and by Borrelia afzelii in Slovenia. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:32-36.
24. Zajkowska J, Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T, Coyle P, Ostrowska J, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M. Comparative study of early Lyme disease: erythema migrans in New York State and Northeastern Poland. Med Sci Monit. 2002;8:CR37-CR43.
25. Sood SK, Salzman MB, Johnson BJ, et al. Duration of tick attachment as a predictor of the risk of Lyme disease in an area in which Lyme disease is endemic. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:996-999.
26. Goodman JL, Bradley JF, Ross AE, et al. Bloodstream invasion in early Lyme disease: results from a prospective, controlled, blinded study using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Med. 1995;99:6-12.
27. Luft BJ, Steinman CR, Neimark HC, et al. Invasion of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi in acute disseminated infection. JAMA. 1992; 267:1364-1367.
28. Nadelman RB, Pavia CS, Magnarelli LA, Wormser GP. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood of seven patients with Lyme disease. Am J Med. 1990;88:21-26.
29. Wormser GP, McKenna D, Carlin J, et al. Brief communication: hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:751-755.
30. Orloski KA, Hayes EB, Campbell GL, Dennis DT. Surveillance for Lyme disease - United States, 1992-1998. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 2000;49:1-11.
31. Coyle BS, Strickland GT, Liang YY, Pena C, McCarter R, Israel E. The public health impact of Lyme disease in Maryland. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:1260-1262.
32. Edlow JA. Erythema migrans. Med Clin North Am. 2002;86:239-260.
33. Wormser GP. Clinical practice: early Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2794-2801.
34. Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Wang G, Schwartz I, Wormser GP. Diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:484-509.
35. Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Nowakowski J, Bittker S, Cooper D, Nadelman RB, Wormser GP. Evolution of the serologic response to Borrelia burgdorferi in treated patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:1-9.
36. Nadelman RB, Wormser GP. Erythema migrans and early Lyme disease. Am J Med. 1995;98(4A):15S-23S.
37. Nichol G, Dennis DT, Steere AC, et al. Test-treatment strategies for patients suspected of having Lyme disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:37-48.
38. von Stedingk LV, Olsson I, Hanson HS, Asbrink E, Hovmark A. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in skin lesions of early and late Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995;14:1-5.
39. Picken MM, Picken RN, Han D, et al. A two year prospective study to compare culture and polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Mol Pathol. 1997; 50:186-193.
40. Berger BW, Johnson RC, Kodner C, Coleman L. Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from erythema migrans lesions and perilesional skin. J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30:359-361.
41. Lyme disease - United States, 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:531-535.
42. Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Burke GS, Parcells VJ, Bell GL; Pediatric Lyme Disease Study Group. Lyme disease in children in southeastern Connecticut. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1270-1274.
43. Seltzer EG, Gerber MA, Cartter ML, Freudigman K, Shapiro ED. Long-term outcomes of persons with Lyme disease. JAMA. 2000;283:609-616.
44. Smith RP, Schoen RT, Rahn DW, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of early Lyme disease in patients with microbiologically confirmed erythema migrans. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:421-428.
45. Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Forseter G, et al. The clinical spectrum of early Lyme borreliosis in patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. Am J Med. 1996;100:502-508.
46. Berger BW. Dermatologic manifestations of Lyme disease. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(suppl 6):S1475-S1481.
47. Berger BW. Erythema chronicum migrans of Lyme disease. Arch Dermatol. 1984;120:1017-1021.
48. Arnez M, Radsel-Medvescek A, Pleterski-Rigler D, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Strle F. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and phenoxymethyl penicillin for the treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999;111:916-922.
49. Luger SW, Paparone P, Wormser GP, et al. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in treatment of patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:661-667.
50. Weber K, Neubert U, Thurmayr R. Antibiotic therapy in early erythema migrans disease and related disorders. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A]. 1987;263:377-388.
51. Arnez M, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Ahcan J, Radsel-Medvescek A, Pleterski-Rigler D, Strle F. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from blood of children with solitary erythema migrans. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:251-255.
52. Arnez M, Pleterski-Rigler D, Ahcan J, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Strle F. Demographic features, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings in children with multiple erythema migrans in Slovenia. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2001;113:98-101.
53. Arnez M, Pleterski-Rigler D, Luznik-Bufon T, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Strle F. Solitary erythema migrans in children: comparison of treatment with azithromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002; 114:498-504.
54. Arnez M, Pleterski-Rigler D, Luznik-Bufon T, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Strle F. Solitary and multiple erythema migrans in children: comparison of demographic, clinical and laboratory findings. Infection. 2003;31:404-409.
55. Asbrink E, Olsson I. Clinical manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius in 161 patients: a comparison with Lyme disease. Acta Derm Venereol. 1985;65:43-52.
56. Asbrink E, Olsson I, Hovmark A. Erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius in Sweden: a study on 231 patients. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A]. 1986; 263:229-236.
57. Barsic B, Maretic T, Majerus L, Strugar J. Comparison of azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of erythema migrans. Infection. 2000;28:153-156.
58. Breier F, Kunz G, Klade H, Stanek G, Aberer E. Erythema migrans: three weeks treatment for prevention of late Lyme borreliosis. Infection. 1996;24:69-72.
59. Christova I, Komitova R. Clinical and epidemiological features of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004;116:42-46.
60. Dh te R, Basse-Guerineau AL, Beaumesnil V, Christoforov B, Assous MV. Full spectrum of clinical, serological, and epidemiological features of complicated forms of Lyme borreliosis in the Paris, France, area. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19:809-815.
61. Flisiak LI. Study on the clinical picture of Lyme disease. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku. 1996;41:78-82.
62. Jurca T, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Lotric-Furlan S, et al. Comparison of peripheral and central biopsy sites for the isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from erythema migrans skin lesions. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:636-638.
63. Kuiper H, Cairo I, Van Dam A, et al. Solitary erythema migrans: a clinical, laboratory and epidemiological study of 77 Dutch patients. Br J Dermatol. 1994; 130:466-472.
64. Kuiper H, de Jongh BM, van Dam AP, et al. Evaluation of central nervous system involvement in Lyme borreliosis patients with a solitary erythema migrans lesion. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994;13:379-387.
65. Lipsker D, Antoni-Bach N, Hansmann Y, Jaulhac B. Long-term prognosis of patients treated for erythema migrans in France. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:872-876.
66. Logar M, Lotric-Furlan S, Maraspin V, et al. Has the presence or absence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato as detected by skin culture any influence on the course of erythema migrans? Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999;111:945-950.
67. Neumann R, Aberer E, Stanek G. Treatment and course of erythema chronicum migrans. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A]. 1987;263:372-376.
68. Oksi J, Marttila H, Soini H, Aho H, Uksila J, Viljanen MK. Early dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi without generalized symptoms in patients with erythema migrans. APMIS. 2001;109:581-588.
69. Strle F, Ruzic E, Cimperman J. Erythema migrans: comparison of treatment with azithromycin, doxycycline and phenoxymethylpenicillin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1992;30:543-550.
70. Strle F, Preac-Mursic V, Cimperman J, Ruzic E, Maraspin V, Jereb M. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans: clinical and microbiological findings. Infection. 1993;21:83-88.
71. Strle F, Maraspin V, Furlan-Lotric S, Cimperman J. Epidemiological study of a cohort of adult patients with Erythema migrans registered in Slovenia in 1993. Eur J Epidemiol. 1996;12:503-507.
72. Strle F, Videcnik J, Zorman P, Cimperman J, Lotric-Furlan S, Maraspin V. Clinical and epidemiological findings for patients with erythema migrans: comparison of cohorts from the years 1993 and 2000. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114:493-497.
73. Weber K, Neubert U. Clinical features of early erythema migrans disease and related disorders. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A]. 1986;263:209-228.
74. Weber K, Preac-Mursic V, Wilske B, Thurmayr R, Neubert U, Scherwitz C. A randomized trial of ceftriaxone versus oral penicillin for the treatment of early European Lyme borreliosis. Infection. 1990;18: 91-96.
75. Weber K, Wilske B, Preac-Mursic V, Thurmayr R. Azithromycin versus penicillin V for the treatment of early Lyme borreliosis. Infection. 1993;21:367-372.
76. Strle F, Maraspin V, Lotric-Furlan S, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Cimperman J. Azithromycin and doxycycline for treatment of Borrelia culture-positive erythema migrans. Infection. 1996;24:64-68.
77. Strle F, Nelson JA, Ruzic-Sabljic E, et al. European Lyme borreliosis: 231 culture-confirmed cases involving patients with erythema migrans. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:61-65.
78. Dattwyler RJ, Volkman DJ, Conaty SM, Platkin SP, Luft BJ. Amoxycillin plus probenecid versus doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans borreliosis. Lancet. 1990;336:1404-1406.
79. Dattwyler RJ, Grunwaldt E, Luft BJ. Clarithromycin in treatment of early Lyme disease: a pilot study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:468-469.
80. Eppes SC, Childs JA. Comparative study of cefuroxime axetil versus amoxicillin in children with early Lyme disease. Pediatrics. 2002;109:1173-1177.
81. Luft BJ, Dattwyler RJ, Johnson RC, et al. Azithromycin compared with amoxicillin in the treatment of erythema migrans: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:785-791.
82. Massarotti EM, Luger SW, Rahn DW, et al. Treatment of early Lyme disease. Am J Med. 1992;92:396-403.
83. Melski JW, Reed KD, Mitchell PD, Barth GD. Primary and secondary erythema migrans in central Wisconsin. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:709-716.
84. Nadelman RB, Luger SW, Frank E, Wisniewski M, Collins JJ, Wormser GP. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of early Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:273-280.
85. Nowakowski J, Schwartz I, Liveris D, et al. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans: a comparison of different techniques. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:2023-2027.
86. Wormser GP, Ramanathan R, Nowakowski J, et al. Duration of antibiotic therapy for early Lyme disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:697-704.
87. Masters E, Granter S, Duray P, Cordes P. Physician-diagnosed erythema migrans and erythema migranslike rashes following Lone Star tick bites. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:955-960.
88. Lipsker D, Lieber-Mbomeyo A, Hedelin G. How accurate is a clinical diagnosis of erythema chronicum migrans? prospective study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners and dermatologists in an area where lyme borreliosis is endemic. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:620-621.
89. Feder HM Jr, Whitaker DL. Misdiagnosis of erythema migrans. Am J Med. 1995;99:412-419.
90. Keirans JE, Lacombe EH. First records of Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes (Ixodes) dentatus, and Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) from Maine. J Parasitol. 1998;84:629-631.
91. Schulze TL, Bowen GS, Bosler EM, et al. Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of Lyme disease in New Jersey. Science. 1984;224:601-603.
92. Stromdahl EY, Williamson PC, Kollars TM Jr, et al. Evidence of Borrelia lonestari DNA in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) removed from humans. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5557-5562.
93. Taft SC, Miller MK, Wright SM. Distribution of borreliae among ticks collected from eastern states. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2005;5:383-389.