Inter-decadal variability in daily rainfall at Durham (UK) since the 1850s

International Journal of Climatology

Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 945-956

  Burt, T P ^a   Horton, B P ^b  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Heavy falls of rain; Rainfall; Seasonality

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; RAIN GAGES; UNITED KINGDOM; WEATHER FORECASTING;

HEAVY RAINFALL; SUMMER RATIO OF RAINFALL;

RAIN;

DECADAL VARIATION; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; RAINFALL; SEASONALITY;

DURHAM [ENGLAND]; ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 34250360684     PISSN: 08998418     EISSN: 10970088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/joc.1443     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Aguilar E, Auer I, Brunet M, Peterson TC, Wieringa J. 2003. Guidelines on climate metdata and homogenization. World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme Report 53 (WMO/TD 1186). World Meteorological Organisation: Geneva, 50.
2. Alexander LV, Jones PD. 2001. Updated precipitation series for the U.K. and discussion of recent extremes. Atmospheric Sciences Letters 1: 142-150, doi:10.1006/asle.2001.0025.
3. Arnell N. 1996. Global Warming, River Flows and Water Resources. John Wiley and Sons: Chichester.
4. Brunetti M, Buffoni L, Maugeri M, Nanni T. 2000. Precipitation intensity trends in northern Italy. International Journal of Climatology 20: 1017-1031.
5. Brunetti M, Maugeri M, Monti F, Nanni T. 2004. Changes in daily precipitation frequency in Italy over the last 120 years. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: D05102, DOI:10.1029/2003JD004296.
6. Burt TP. Rainfall at Durham in the 1870s: a remarkably wet decade. Hydrological Sciences Journal (Submitted to).
7. Burt TP, Horton BP. 2001. The natural history of the Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve XXII: the climate of Slapton Ley. Field Studies 10(1): 93-114.
8. Burt TP, Horton BP. 2003. The climate of Malham Tarn. Field Studies 10: 635-652.
9. Burt TP, Adamson JK, Lane AMJ. 1998. Long-term rainfall and streamflow records for north central England: putting the Environmental Change Network site at Moor House National Nature Reserve in context. Hydrological Sciences Journal 43(5): 775-787.
10. Doe RK. 2004. Extreme precipitation and run-off induced flash flooding at Boscastle, Cornwall, UK. Journal of Meteorology 29(293): 319-333.
11. Doornkamp J, Gregory KJ, Burn AS. 1980. Atlas of Drought in Britain 1975-76. Institute of British Geographers: London.
12. Ekström M, Fowler HJ, Kilsby CG, Jones PD. 2005. New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations 2. Future estimates and use in impact studies. Journal of Hydrology 300: 234-251.
13. Fowler HJ, Kilsby CG. 2003. A regional frequency analysis of United Kingdom extreme rainfall from 1961 to 2000. International Journal of Climatology 23: 1313-1334.
14. Fowler HJ, Kilsby CG. 2003a. A regional frequency analysis of United Kingdom extreme rainfall from 1961 to 2000. International Journal of Climatology 23: 1313-1334.
15. Fowler HJ, Kilsby CG. 2003b. Implications of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall. Geophysical Research Letters 30(13): 1720, Doi:10.1029/2003GL017327.
16. Fowler HJ, Ekström M, Kilsby CG, Jones PD. 2005. New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations 1. Assessment of control climate. Journal of Hydrology 300: 212-233.
17. Frei C, Schär C. 2001. Detection probability of trends in rare events: theory and application to heavy precipitation in the alpine region. Journal of Climate 14: 1568-1584.
18. Gregory JM, Jones PD, Wigley TML. 1991. Precipitation in Britain: an analysis of area-average data updated to 1989. International Journal of Climatology 11: 331-345.
19. Groisman PY, Karl TR, Easterling DR, Knight RW, Jamason PF, Hennessy KJ, Suppiah R, Page CM, Wibig J, Fortuniak K, Razuvaev VN, Douglas A, Forland E, Zhai PM. 1999. Changes in the probability of heavy precipitation: important indicators of climatic change. Climatic Change 42: 243-283.
20. Hanna E. 1995. How effective are tipping bucket rain gauges? A Review. Weather 50(10): 336-342.
21. Haylock M, Goodess C. 2004. Interannual variability of European extreme winter rainfall and links with mean large-scale circulation. International Journal of Climatology 24: 759-776.
22. Hegerl GC, Zwiers FW, Stott PA, Kharin VV. 2004. Detectability of anthropogenic changes in annual temperature and precipitation extremes. Journal of Climate 17: 3683-3700.
23. Hulme M. 1994. Validation of large-scale precipitation fields in General Circulation Models. In Global Precipitation and Climate Change, Desbois. M, Desalmand F (eds). Springer: Berlin; 387-405.
24. Hulme M, Barrow EM, Arnell NW, Harrison PA, Johns TC, Downing TE. 1999a. Relative impacts of human-induced climate change and natural climate variability. Nature 397: 688-691.
25. Hulme M, Mitchell JFB, Jenkins J, Gregory JM, New M, Viner D. 1999b. Global climate scenarios for fast-track impacts studies. Global and Environmental Change, Supplementary Issue: S3-S19.
26. Hulme M, Jenkins GJ, Lu X, Turnpenny JR, Mitchell TD, Jones RG, Lowe J, Murphy JM, Hassell D. 2002. Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom: the UKCIP02 Scientific Report, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change. Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia: Norwich; 120.
27. Huntingford C, Jones RG, Prudhomme C, Lamb R, Gash JHC, Jones DA. 2003. Regional climate-model predictions of extreme rainfall for a changing climate. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 129: 1607-1621.
28. Hurrell JW. 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation - regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269: 676-679.
29. Hurrell JW, van Loon H. 1997. Decadal variations in climate associated with the north Atlantic oscillation. Climatic Change 36: 301-326.
30. Harrell JW, Kushnir Y, Ottersen G, Visbeck M. 2003. An overview of the North Atlantic oscillation. In The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact, Geophysical Monograph Series, 134, Harrell JW, Kushnir Y, Ottersen G, Visbeck M (eds). American Geophysical Union: Washington, DC; 1-35.
31. Iwashima T, Yamamoto R. 1993. A statistical analysis of extreme events: long-term trend of heavy daily precipitation. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 71: 637-640.
32. Jones PD, Conway D. 1997. Precipitation in the British Isles: an analysis of area-average data updated to 1995. Journal of Climatology 17: 427-438.
33. Jones PD, Reid PA. 2001. Assessing future changes in extreme precipitation over Britain using Regional Climate Model integrations. Journal of Climatology 21: 1337-1356.
34. Joyce A, Cox NJ, Kenworthy JM. 1998. Inferences regarding raingauge exposure at Durham, 1868-1870. Weather 53: 85-90.
35. Karl TR, Knight RW. 1998. Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency and intensity in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79: 231-241.
36. Kenworthy JM. 1985. The Durham University Observatory and Gordon Manley's work on a longer temperature series for north-east England. In The Climatic Scene, Tooley MJ, Sheail GM (eds). George Allen & Unwin: London; 17-38.
37. Kharin VV, Zwiers FW. 2000. Changes in the extremes in an ensemble of transient climate simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM. Journal of Climate 13: 3760-3788.
38. Linacre E. 1992. Climate data and resources. Routledge, London.
39. Marsh TJ. 2001. The 200/2001 floods in the UK - a brief overview. Weather 56: 343-345.
40. Marshall J, Kushnir Y, Battisti D, Chang P, Czaja A, Dickson R, Hurrell JW, McCartney M, Saravanan R, Visbeck M. 2001. North Atlantic climate variability: phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. International Journal of Climatology 21: 1863-1898.
41. Manley G. 1941. The Durham meteorological record. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 67: 363-380.
42. McGuffie K, Henderson-Sellers A, Holbrook N, Kothavala Z, Balachova O, Hoekstra J. 1999. Assessing simulations of daily temperature and precipitation variability with global climate models for present and enhanced greenhouse climates. International Journal of Climatology 19: 1-26.
43. Moberg A, Jones PD. 2005. Trends in indices for extremes in daily temperature and precipitation in central and western Europe. International Journal of Climatology 25(9): 1149-1171.
44. New M, Todd M, Hulme M, Jones PD. 2001. Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century. International Journal of Climatology 21: 1889-1922.
45. Osborn TJ. 2001. UK Rainfall. Climatic Research Unit Information Sheet 15, http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/ukrainfall/.
46. Osborn TJ, Hulme M. 2002. Evidence for trends in heavy rainfall events over the United Kingdom. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. A360: 1313-1325.
47. Osborn TJ, Hulme M, Jones PD, Basnett TA. 2000. Observed trends in the daily intensity of United Kingdom precipitation. International Journal of Climatology 20: 347-364.
48. Palmer TN, Räisänen J. 2002. Quantifying the risk of extreme seasonal precipitation events in a changing climate. Nature 415: 512-514.
49. Reynolds G. 1965. A history of rain gauges. Weather 20: 106-114.
50. Semenov VA, Bengtsson L. 2002. Secular trends in daily precipitation characteristics: greenhouse gas simulation with a coupled AOGCM. Climate Dynamics 19: 123-140.
51. Strangeways IC. 1996a. Back to basics: the met. enclosure part 2a - rain gauges. Weather 51(8): 274-279.
52. Strangeways IC. 1996b. Back to basics: the met. Enclosure part 2b - rain gauges, their errors. Weather 51(9): 298-303.
53. Tuomenvirta H. 2001. Homogeneity adjustments of temperature and precipitation series - Finnish and Nordic data. International Journal of Climatology 21: 495-506.
54. Wigley TML, Jones PD. 1987. England and Wales precipitation: a discussion of recent changes in variability and an update to 1985. Journal of Climatology 7: 231-246.
55. Wigley TML, Lough JM, Jones PD. 1984. Spatial patterns of precipitation in England and Wales and a revised, homogeneous England and Wales precipitation series. Journal of Climatology 4: 1-25.
56. Zhai P, Sun A, Ren F, Liu X, Gao B, Zhang Q. 1999. Changes of climate extremes in China. Climatic Change 42: 203-218.