Qualitatively different forms of pure alexia

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 393-418

  Rosazza, Cristina ^a   Appollonio, Ildebrando ^b   Isella, Valeria ^b   Shallice, Tim ^a,c  

^a SISSA   (Italy)

^b SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALEXIA; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; CASE REPORT; COGNITION; CONCEPT FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HEMIANOPIA; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; READING; STANDARDIZATION; VISUAL MEMORY; WORD RECOGNITION; WRITING;

AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALEXIA, PURE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; HEMIANOPSIA; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; OCCIPITAL LOBE; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TEMPORAL LOBE; VOCABULARY;

EID: 34250344091     PISSN: 02643294     EISSN: 14640627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02643290701377877     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Alvarez, C. J., Carreiras, M. and Perea, M. (2004) Are syllables phonological units in visual word recognition?. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, pp. 427-452.
2. Alvarez, C. J., Carreiras, M. and Taft, M. (2001) Syllables and morphemes: Contrasting frequency effects in Spanish. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 27, pp. 545-555.
3. Arguin, M. and Bub, D. (2005) Parallel processing blocked by letter similarity in letter-by-letter dyslexia: A replication. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, pp. 589-602.
4. Arguin, M., Fiset, S. and Bub, D. (2002) Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 535-555.
5. Bartolomeo, P. (2002) The relationship between visual perception and visual mental imagery: A reappraisal of the neuropsychological evidence. Cortex, 38, pp. 357-378.
6. Bartolomeo, P., Bachoud-Lévi, A. C., Chokron, S. and Degos, J. D. (2002) Visually- and motor-based knowledge of letters: Evidence from a pure alexic patient. Neuropsychologia, 40, pp. 1363-1371.
7. Behrmann, M., Moscovitch, M. and Winocur, G. (1994) Intact visual imagery and impaired visual perception in a patient with visual agnosia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, pp. 1068-1087.
8. Behrmann, M., Plaut, D. C. and Nelson, J. (1998) A literature review and new data supporting an interactive account of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, pp. 7-51.
9. Behrmann, M. and Shallice, T. (1995) Pure alexia: An orthographic not spatial disorder. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 12, pp. 409-454.
10. Benton, A. L., Silvan, A. B., Hamsher, K., de, S., Varney, N. R. and Spreen, O. (1992) Facial recognition, Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze, Italy
11. Burani, C., Barca, L. and Arduino, L. S. (2001) Una base di dati sui valori di età di acquisizione, frequenza, familiarità, immaginabilità, concretezza, e altre variabili lessicali e sub-lessicali per 626 nomi dell'italiano [Set of data on age of acquisition, frequency, familiarity, imageability, concreteness, and other lexical and sublexical variables for 626 Italian words]. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 4, pp. 839-854.
12. Caramazza, A. and Hillis, A. E. (1990) Levels of representation, coordinate frames, and unilateral neglect. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, pp. 391-445.
13. Caramazza, A. and Miceli, G. (1990) The structure of graphemic representations. Cognition, 37, pp. 243-297.
14. Carreiras, M., Alvarez, C. and de Vega, M. (1993) Syllable frequency and visual word recognition in Spanish. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, pp. 766-780.
15. Carreiras, M. and Perea, M. (2002) Masked priming effects with syllabic neighbors in a lexical decision task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, pp. 1228-1242.
16. Carreiras, M., Vergara, M. and Barber, H. (2005) Early ERP effects of syllabic processing during visual word recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, pp. 1803-1817.
17. Chialant, D. and Caramazza, A. (1998) Perceptual and lexical factors in a case of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, pp. 167-201.
18. Cohen, L. and Dehaene, S. (2004) Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word form area. NeuroImage, 22, pp. 466-476.
19. Cohen, L., Henry, C., Dehaene, S., Martinaud, O., Lehericy, S. and Lemer, C. (2004) The pathophysiology of letter-by-letter reading. Neuropsychologia, 42, pp. 1768-1780.
20. Cohen, L., Martinaud, O., Lemer, C., Lehéricy, S., Samson, Y. and Obadia, M. (2003) Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: Anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias. Cerebral Cortex, 13, pp. 1313-1333.
21. Coltheart, M. (1985) Right-hemisphere reading revisited. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8, pp. 363-379.
22. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. and Marshall, J. C. (1980) Deep dyslexia, Routledge, London
23. Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Ziegler, J. and Langdon, R. (2001) DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychological Review, 108, pp. 204-256.
24. Cooper, L. A. and Shepard, R. N. (1973) Chronometric studies of the rotation of mental images. Visual information processing, pp. 75-175. Academic Press, New York
25. Cornoldi, C. and Colpo, G. (1995) Nuove prove di lettura MT per la scuola media inferiore, Organizzazioni speciali, Firenze, Italy
26. Coslett, H. B. and Saffran, E. M. (1993) Reading in pure alexia: The effect of strategy. Brain, 116, pp. 21-27.
27. Crawford, J. R. and Garthwaite, P. H. (2002) Investigation of the single case in neuropsychology: Confidence limits on the abnormality of test scores and test score differences. Neuropsychologia, 40, pp. 1196-1208.
28. Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Sigman, M. and Vinckier, F. (2005) The neural code for written words: A proposal. Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, pp. 335-341.
29. Dehaene, S., Jobert, A., Naccache, L., Ciuciu, P., Poline, J. B. and Bihan, D. Le (2004) Letter binding and invariant recognition of masked words: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Psychological Science, 15, pp. 307-313.
30. De Renzi, E., Motti, F. and Nichelli, P. (1980) Imitative gestures: A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. Archives of Neurology, 37, pp. 6-10.
31. Ellis, A. W. (1993) Reading, writing and dyslexia: A cognitive analysis, Psychology Press, Hove, UK
32. Ellis, A. W. (2004) Length, formats, neighbours, hemispheres, and the processing of words presented laterally or at fixation. Brain and Language, 88, pp. 355-366.
33. Ellis, A. W., Flude, B. and Young, A. W. (1987) Neglect dyslexia and the early visual processing of letters in words and nonwords. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4, pp. 439-464.
34. Farah, M. J. and Wallace, M. (1991) Pure alexia as a visual impairment: A reconstruction. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 8, pp. 313-334.
35. Ferrand, L. and New, B. (2003) Syllabic length effects in visual word recognition and naming. Acta Psychologica, 113, pp. 167-183.
36. Ferrand, L., Segui, J. and Grainger, J. (1996) Masked priming of words and picture naming: The role of syllabic units. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, pp. 708-723.
37. Goldenberg, G. (1992) Loss of visual imagery and loss of visual knowledge - a case study. Neuropsychologia, 30, pp. 1081-1099.
38. Goldenberg, G. (1998) Is there a common substrate for visual recognition and visual imagery?. Neurocase, 4, pp. 141-147.
39. Grainger, J. and Whitney, C. (2004) Does the huamn mnid raed wrods as a wlohe?. Trends in Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, pp. 58-59.
40. Hanley, J. R. and Kay, J. (1992) Does letter-by-letter reading involve the spelling system?. Neuropsychologia, 34, pp. 237-256.
41. Hanley, J. R. and Kay, J. (1996) Reading speed in pure alexia. Neuropsychologia, 34, pp. 1165-1174.
42. Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del CNR di Pisa (1989) Corpus di Italiano scritto contemporaneo
43. James, M., Plant, G. T. and Warrington, E. K. (2001) CORVIST-Cortical Vision Screening Test manual & test materials book, Thames Valley Test Company, Bury St. Edmunds, UK
44. Kinsbourne, M. and Warrington, E. K. (1963) The localizing significance of limited simultaneous visual form perception. Brain, 86, pp. 697-701.
45. Ladavas, E., Shallice, T. and Zanella, M. T. (1997) Preserved semantic access in neglect dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 35, pp. 257-270.
46. Luzzatti, C., Willmes, K. and De Bleser, R. (1996) Aachener Aphasie Test: Versione Italiana, Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze, Italy
47. McClelland, J. L. (1976) Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and nonwords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, pp. 80-91.
48. McClelland, J. L. and Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, pp. 375-407.
49. Miozzo, M. and Caramazza, A. (1998) Varieties of pure alexia. The case of failure to access graphemic representations. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, pp. 203-238.
50. Mozer, M. C. and Behrmann, M. (1990) On the interaction of selective attention and lexical knowledge: A connectionist account of neglect dyslexia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, pp. 96-123.
51. Osswald, K., Humphreys, G. W. and Olson, A. (2002) Words are more than the sum of their parts: Evidence from detrimental effects of word-level information in alexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 675-695.
52. Patterson, K. and Kay, J. (1982) Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34, pp. 411-441.
53. Perri, R., Bartolomeo, P. and Silveri, M. C. (1996) Letter dyslexia in a letter-by-letter reader. Brain and Language, 53, pp. 390-407.
54. Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S. and Patterson, K. (1996) Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review, 103, pp. 56-115.
55. Price, C. J. and Devlin, J. T. (2004) The pro and the cons of labelling a left occipitotemporal region: "The visual word form area". Neuroimage, 22, pp. 477-479.
56. Price, C. J. and Humphreys, G. W. (1992) Letter-by-letter reading? Functional deficits and compensatory strategies. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, pp. 427-457.
57. Prinzmetal, W., Hoffman, H. and Vest, K. (1991) Automatic processes in word perception: An analysis from illusory conjunctions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17, pp. 902-923.
58. Prinzmetal, W., Treiman, R. and Rho, S. H. (1986) How to see a reading unit. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, pp. 461-475.
59. Rapp, B. C. (1992) The nature of sublexical orthographic organization: The bigram through hypothesis examined. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, pp. 33-53.
60. Raven, J. C. (1962) Coloured progressive matrices: Sets A, AB, B, H.K. Lewis, London
61. Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. and Brunn, J. L. (1990) A prelexical basis for letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, pp. 1-20.
62. Riddoch, M. J. and Humphreys, G. W. (1993) BORB: Birmingham Object Recognition Battery, Psychology Press, London
63. Rouibah, A. and Taft, M. (2001) The role of syllabic structure in French visual word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 29, pp. 373-381.
64. Rumelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L. (1982) An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 2. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model. Psychological Review, 89, pp. 60-94.
65. Saffran, E. M. and Coslett, H. B. (1998) Implicit vs. letter-by-letter reading in pure alexia: A tale of two systems. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, pp. 141-165.
66. Schneider, W., Eschman, A. and Zuccolotto, A. (2002) E-Prime user's Guide, Psychology Software Tools Inc, Pittsburgh
67. Shallice, T. (1979) Case study approach in neuropsychological research. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, pp. 13-211.
68. Shallice, T. (1981) Neurological impairments of cognitive processes. British Medical Bulletin, 37, pp. 187-192.
69. Shallice, T. (1988) From neuropsychology to mental structure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
70. Shallice, T. and McCarthy, R. (1985) Phonological reading: From patterns of impairment to possible procedures. Surface dyslexia, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd, Hove, UK
71. Shallice, T. and Warrington, E. K. (1977) The possible role in acquired dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 15, pp. 31-41.
72. Spinnler, H. and Tognoni, G. (1987) Standardizzazione e taratura italiana di test neuropsicologici [Italian standardization of neuropsychological tests]. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 8, pp. 1-120.
73. Stella, V. and Job, R. (2001) Le sillabe PD/DPSS. Una base di dati sulla frequenza sillabica dell'Italiano scritto [Set of data on the syllabic frequency of written Italian]. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 28, pp. 633-639.
74. Taft, M. (1979) Lexical access via an orthographic code: The BOSS. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 18, pp. 21-39.
75. Warrington, E. K. and James, M. (1991) The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery, Thames Valley Test Company, Bury St Edmunds, UK
76. Warrington, E. K. and Langdon, D. W. (2002) Does the spelling dyslexic read by recognizing orally spelled words? An investigation of a letter-by-letter reader. Neurocase, 8, pp. 210-218.
77. Warrington, E. K. and Shallice, T. (1980) Word form dyslexia. Brain, 103, pp. 99-112.
78. Wechsler, D. (1986) Scala d'intelligenza Wechsler per adulti (WAIS), Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze, Italy
79. Whitney, C. (2001) How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: The SERIOL model and selective literature review. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 8, pp. 221-243.