Varieties of pure alexia: The case of failure to access graphemic representations

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Volumn 15, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 203-238

  Miozzo, Michele ^a,b   Caramazza, Alfonso ^a,b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000858262     PISSN: 02643294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/026432998381267     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Adams, M.J. (1979). Models of word recognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 11, 133-176.
2. Arguin, M., & Bub, D.N. (1993). Single-character processing in a case of pure alexia. Neuropsychologia, 31, 435-458.
3. Banks, W.P., Fujii, M., & Kayra-Stuart, F. (1976). Semantic congruency effects in comparative judgements of magnitude of digits. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 435-477.
4. Baynes, K. (1990). Language and reading in the right hemisphere: Highways or byways of the brain? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 159-179.
5. Behrmann, M., Plaut, D.C., & Nelson, J. (this issue). A literature review and new data supporting an interactive account of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(1/2).
6. Benson, D.F. (1985). Alexia, In G.W. Bruyn, H.K. Klawans, & P.J. Vinken (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neurology, (pp. 433-455). New York: Elsevier.
7. Besner, D. (1989). On the role of outline shape and word-specific visual pattern in the identification of function words: NONE. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 91- 105.
8. Black, S.E., & Behrmann, M. (1994). Localization in alexia. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization and neuroimaging in neuropsychology (pp. 331-376). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
9. Boles, D.B. (1981). Variability in letter-matching asymmetry. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 285-288.
10. Boles, D.B., & Clifford, J.E. (1989). An upper-and lower-case alphabetic similarity matrix, with derived generation similarity values. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 21, 579-586.
11. Bowers, J.S., Bub, D.N., & Arguin, M. (1996). A characterisation of the word superiority effect in a case of letter-by-letter surface alexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13, 415-441.
12. Bryden, M.P., & Allard, F. (1976). Visualhemifield differences depends on typeface. Brain and Language, 3, 191-200.
13. Bub, D.N., & Arguin, M. (1995). Visual word activation in pure alexia. Brain and Language, 49, 77-103.
14. Buckley, P.B., & Gillman, C.B. (1974). Comparison of digits and dot patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 1131-1136.
15. Caramazza, A., & Hillis, A.E. (1990). Levels of representations, co-ordinate frames, and unilateral neglect. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, 391-445.
16. Chanoine, V., Teixeira Ferreira, C., Demonet, J-F., Nespoulous, J.L., & Poncet, M. (submitted). Optic aphasia and alexia without agraphia: Two variants of visual associative agnosia? A case study. Manuscript submitted for publication.
17. Chialant, D., & Caramazza, A. (this issue). Perceptual and lexical factors in a case of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(1/2).
18. Cipolotti, L., & Butterworth, B. (1995). Toward a multiroute model of number processing: Impaired number transcoding with preserved calculation skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 375-390.
19. Cipolotti, L., Warrington, E.K., & Butterworth, B. (1995). Selective impairment in manipulating Arabic numerals. Cortex, 31, 73-86.
20. Cohen, G. (1972). Hemispheric differences in a letter classification task. Perception & Psychophysics, 11, 139-142.
21. Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (1995). Number processing in pure alexia: The effect of hemispheric asymmetries and task demands. Neurocase, 1, 121-137.
22. Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (1996). Cerebral networks for number procesesing: Evidence from a case of posterior callosal lesion. Neurocase, 2, 155-174.
23. Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., & Verstichel, P. (1994). Number words and number nonwords: A case of deep dyslexia extending to Arabic numerals. Brain, 117, 267-279.
24. Coltheart, M. (1980). Deep dyslexia: A right hemispheric hypothesis. In M. Coltheart, K. Patterson, & J.C. Marshall (Eds.), Deep dyslexia (pp. 326-380). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
25. Coltheart, M. (1981). Disorders of reading and their implications for models of normal reading. Visible Language, 15, 245-286.
26. Coltheart, M., & Freeman, R. (1974). Case alternation impairs word identification. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 3, 102-104.
27. Cooper, L.A., & Shepard, R.N. (1973). Chronometric studies of the rotation of mental images. In W.G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 75-175). New York: Academic Press.
28. Coslett, H.B., & Monsul, N. (1994). Reading with the right hemisphere: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain and Language, 46, 198-211.
29. Coslett, H.B., & Saffran, E.M. (1989a). Evidence for preserved reading in "pure alexia." Brain, 112, 327-359.
30. Coslett, H.B., & Saffran, E.M. (1989b). Preserved object recognition and reading comprehension in optic aphasia. Brain, 112, 1091-1110.
31. Coslett, H.B., & Saffran, E.M. (1992). Optic aphasia and the right hemisphere: A replication and extension. Brain and Langage, 43, 148-161.
32. Coslett, H.B., & Saffran, E.M. (1994). Mechanisms of implicit reading in alexia. In M.J. Farah & G. Ratcliff (Eds.), The Neuropsychology of high-level vision (pp. 299-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
33. Damasio, A.R., & Damasio, H. (1983). The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology, 33, 1573-1583.
34. Dehaene, S. (1995). Towards an anatomical and functional model of number processing. Mathematical Cognition, 1, 83-120.
35. Dehaene, S. (1996). The organization of brain activation in number comparison: Event related potentials and the additive-factors method. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 47-68.
36. Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (1996). Two mental calculation systems: A case study of severe acalculia with preserved approximation. Neuropsychologia, 29, 1045-1074.
37. Déjèrine, J. (1892). Contribution a l'etude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des differentes varietes de cicite verbale. [Contributions to the anatomic, pathological, and clinical investigation of different varieties of word blindness]. Memoires de la Societe de Biologie, 4, 61-90.
38. De Renzi, E., & Saetti, M.C. (1997). Associative agnosia and optic aphasia: Qualitative or quantitative difference? Cortex, 33, 115-130.
39. Eviatar, Z., & Zaidel, E. (1994). Letter matching within and between the disconnected hemispheres. Brain and Cognition, 25, 128-37.
40. Farah, M.J., & Wallace, M.A. (1991). Pure alexia as a visual impairment: A reconsideration. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 8, 313-334.
41. Friedman, R.B., & Alexander, M.P. (1984). Pictures, images, and pure alexia: A case study. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1, 9-23.
42. Gazzaniga, M.S. (1989). Organization of the human brain. Science, 245, 947-952.
43. Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J.L., & Nettleton, N.C. (1972). Hemispheric asymmetry: Verbal and spatial encoding of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95, 25-31.
44. Geschwind, N., & Fusillo, M. (1966). Colour-naming defects in association with alexia. Archives of Neurology, 15, 137-146.
45. Goodman, R., & Caramazza, A. (1986). The Johns Hopkins Dyslexia Battery. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University.
46. Henderson, L. (1982). Orthography and word recognition in reading. London: Academic Press.
47. Henderson, L., & Chard, M.J. (1976). On the nature of facilitation of visual comparisons by lexical membership. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 7, 432-434.
48. Hillis, A.E., & Caramazza, A. (1995a). Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying visual and semantic processing: Implications from "optica aphasia.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 457-478.
49. Hillis, A.E., & Caramazza, A. (1995b). A framework for interpreting distinct patterns of hemispatial neglect. Neurocase, 1, 189-207.
50. Hinrichs, J.V., Yurko, D.S., & Hu, J.M. (1981). Two-digit number comparison: Use of place information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 890-901.
51. Howard, D. (1987). Reading without letters? In M. Coltheart, G. Sartori, & R. Job (Eds.), The cognitive neuropsychology of language (pp. 27-58). Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
52. Howard, D. (1991). Letter-by-letter readers: Evidence for parallel processing. In D. Besner & G.W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
53. Iorio, L., Falanga, A., Fragrassi, N.A., & Grossi, D. (1992). Visual associative agnosia and optic aphasia. A single case study and a review of the syndromes. Cortex, 28, 23-37.
54. Kay, J., & Hanley, R. (1991). Simultaneous form perception and serial letter recognition in a case of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 8, 249-273.
55. Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E.K. (1962). A disorder of simultaneous form perception. Brain, 85, 461-486.
56. Ledlow, A., Swanson, J.M., & Kinsbourne, M. (1978). Reaction times and evoked potentials as indicators of hemispheric differences for laterally presented name and physical matches. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 440-454.
57. Levine, D.M., & Calvanio, R. (1992). A study of the visual defect in verbal alexia-simultagnosia. Brain, 101, 65-81.
58. Manning, L., & Campbell, R. (1992). Optic aphasia with spared action naming: A description and possible loci of impairment. Neuropsychologia, 30, 587-592.
59. Marsolek, C.J., Squire, L.R., Kosslyn, S.M., & Lulenski, M.E. (1994). Form-specific explicit and implicit memory in the right cerebral hemisphere. Neuropsychology, 8, 588-597.
60. Mayal, K., Humphreys, G.W., & Olson, A. (1997). Disruption to word or letter processing? The origins of case-mixing effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1275-1286.
61. McClelland, J.L. (1976). Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and nonwords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 80-91.
62. McNeil, J.E., & Warrington, E.K. (1994). A dissociation between addition and subtraction with written calculation. Neuropsychologia, 32, 717-728.
63. Michel, F., Hénaff, M., & Intriligator, J. (1996). Two different readers in the same brain after a posterior callosal lesion. NeuroReport, 7, 786-788.
64. Monk, A.F., & Hulme, C. (1983). Errors in proofreading: Evidence for the use of word shape in word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 11, 16-23.
65. Montant, M., Nazir, T.A., & Poncet, M. (this issue). Pure alexia and the viewing position effect in printed words. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 25(1/2).
66. Moyer, R.S., & Landauer, T.K. (1967). Time required for judgements of numerical inequality. Nature, 215, 1519-1520.
67. Parkman, J.M. (1971). Temporal aspects of digit and letter inequality judgements. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91, 191-205.
68. Patterson, K., & Besner, D. (1984). Is the right hemisphere literate? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4, 315-341.
69. Patterson, K., & Kay, J. (1982). Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34A, 411-441.
70. Patterson, K., Vargha-Khadem, F., & Polkey, C.E. (1989). Reading with one hemisphere. Brain, 112, 39-63.
71. Perri, R., Bartolomeo, P., & Silveri, A.M. (1996). Letter dyslexia in a letter-by-letter reader. Brain and Language, 53, 390-407.
72. Posner, M.I., & Mitchell, R.F. (1967). Chronometric analysis of classification. Psychological Review, 74, 391-409.
73. Price, C.J., & Humphreys, G.W. (1992). Letter-by-letter reading? Functional deficits and compensatory strategies. Cognitive Neuropsychology. 9, 427-457.
74. Rapp, B.C., & Caramazza, A. (1991). Spatially determined deficits in letter and word processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 8, 275-311.
75. Rayner, L., McConkie, G.W., & Zola, D. (1980). Integrating information across eye movements. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 206-226.
76. Reuter-Lorenz, P.A., & Baynes, K. (1992). Modes of lexical access in the callosotomized brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 155-164.
77. Reuter-Lorenz, P.A., & Brunn, J.L. (1990). A prelexical basis for letter-by-letter reading: A case study. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, 1-20.
78. Riddoch, M.J., & Humphreys, G.W. (1987a). Picture naming. In G.W. Humphreys & M.J. Riddoch (Eds.), Visual object processing: A cognitive neuropsychological approach (pp. 107-143). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
79. Riddoch, M.J., & Humphreys, G.W. (1987b). Visual object processing in optic aphasia: A case of semantic access agnosia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4, 131-185.
80. Riddoch, M.J., & Humphreys, G.W. (1993). BORB Birmingham object recognition battery. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
81. Saffran, E.M., Bogyo, L.C., Schwartz, M.F., & Marin, O.S.M. (1980). Does deep dyslexia reflect right-hemisphere reading? in M. Coltheart, K. Patterson, & J.C. Marshall (Eds.), Deep dyslexia (pp. 381-406). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
82. Saffran, E.M., & Coslett, H.B. (this issue). Implicit vs. letter-by-letter reading in pure alexia: A tale of two systems. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(1/2).
83. Sekuler, E.B., & Behrmann, M. (1996). Perceptual cues in pure alexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13, 941-974.
84. Sekuler, R., Rubin, E., & Armstrong, R. (1971). Processing numerical information: A choice time analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 75-80.
85. Shallice, T., & Saffran, E. (1986). Lexical processing in the absence of explicit word identification: Evidence from a letter-by-letter reader. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3, 429-458.
86. Snodgrass, J.G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174-215.
87. Teixeira Ferreira, C., Giusiano, B., Ceccaldi, M., & Poncet, M. (1997). Optic aphasia: Evidence of the contribution of different neural systems to object and action naming. Cortex, 33, 499-513.
88. Umiltà, C., Sava, D., & Salmaso, D. (1980). Hemispheric asymmetries in a letter classification task with different typefaces. Brain and Language, 9, 171-181.
89. Underwood, G., & Bargh, K. (1982). Word shape, orthographic regularity, and contextual interactions in a reading task. Cognition, 12, 197-209.
90. Warrington, E.K., & Shallice, T. (1980). Word-form dyslexia. Brain, 103, 99-112.
91. Zaidel, E., & Peters, A.M. (1981). Phonological encoding and ideographic reading by the disconnected right hemisphere: Two case studies. Brain and Language, 14, 205-234.
92. Zaidel, E., & Schweiger, A. (1984). On wrong hypotheses about the right hemisphere: Commentary on K. Patterson and D. Besner, "Is the right hemisphere literate?" Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4, 351-364.