Pathology and epidemiology of natural West Nile viral infection of raptors in Georgia

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 214-223

  Ellis, Angela E ^a   Mead, Daniel G ^a   Allison, Andrew B ^a   Stallknecht, David E ^a   Howerth, Elizabeth W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Avian; Immunohistochemistry; Pathology; Raptors; West Nile virus; WNV

Indexed keywords

ACCIPITER COOPERII; ACCIPITER STRIATUS; ACCIPITRINAE; AVES; BUBO VIRGINIANUS; BUTEO JAMAICENSIS; BUTEO LINEATUS; FALCONIFORMES; MEGASCOPS ASIO; PANDION HALIAETUS; RAPTORES; STRIGIFORMES; STRIX VARIA; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 34250332936     PISSN: 00903558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.214     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. [s ANDERSON, J. F., T. G. ANDREADIS, C. R. VOSSBRINCK, S. TIRRELL, E. M. WAKEM, R. A. FRENCH, A. E. GARMENDIA, AND H. J. VAN KRUININGEN s]. 1999. Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. Science 286: 2331-2333.
2. [s AUSTIN, R. J., T. L. WHITING, R. A. ANDERSON, AND M. A. DREBOT s]. 2004. An outbreak of West Nile virus-associated disease in domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) upon initial introduction to a geographic region, with evidence of bird to bird transmission. Canadian Veterinary Journal 45: 117-123.
3. CDC. 2006. West Nile Virus avian mortality database. http://www.cdc.gov/ ncidod/dvbid/westnile/birdspecies.htm. Accessed 14 February 2006.
4. [s COOPER, J. E. s] 1973. Post-mortem findings in East African birds of prey. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 9: 368-375.
5. [s DEEM, S. L., S. P. TERRELL, AND D. J. FORRESTER s]. 1998. A retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of raptors in Florida: 1988-1994. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29: 160-164.
6. [s ELLIS, A. E., D. G. MEAD, A. B. ALLISON, S. E. GIBBS, N. L. GOTTDENKER, D. E. STALLKNECHT, AND E. W. HOWERTH s]. 2005. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and virus isolation for diagnosis of West Nile virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43: 2904-2908.
7. [s FITZGERALD, S. D., J. S. PATTERSON, M. KIUPEL, H. A. SIMMONS, S. D. GRIMES, C. F. SARVER, R. M. FULTON, B. A. STEFICEK, T. M. COOLEY, J. P. MASSEY, AND J. G. SIKARSKIE s]. 2003. Clinical and pathologic features of West Nile virus infection in native North American owls (Family Strigidae). Avian Diseases 47: 602-610.
8. [s FIX, A. S., AND S. Z. BARROWS s]. 1990. Raptors rehabilitated in Iowa during 1986 and 1987: A retrospective study. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26: 18-21.
9. [s GANCZ, A. Y., I. K. BARKER, R. LINDSAY, A. DIBERNARDO, K. MCKEEVER, AND B. HUNTER s]. 2004. West Nile virus outbreak in North American owls, Ontario, 2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10: 2135-2142.
10. [s GANCZ, A. Y., D. A. SMITH, I. K. BARKER, R. LINDSAY, AND B. HUNTER s]. 2006. Pathology and tissue distribrition of West Nile virus in North American owls (family: Strigidae). Avian Pathology 35: 17-29.
11. [s GARMENDIA, A. E., H. J. VAN KRUININGEN, R. A. FRENCH, J. F. ANDERSON, T. G. ANDREADIS, A. KUMAR, AND A. B. WEST s]. 2000. Recovery and identification of West Nile virus from a hawk in winter. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 3110-3111.
12. [s GIBBS, S., A. ELLIS, D. MEAD, A. ALLISON, E. HOWERTH, AND D. STALLKNECHT s]. 2005. West Nile virus detection in the organs of naturally infected Blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 41: 354-362.
13. [s GOTTDENKER, N. L., E. W. HOWERTH, AND D. G. MEAD s]. 2003. Natural infection of a great egret (Casmerodius albus) with eastern equine encephalitis virus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39: 702-706.
14. [s JOYNER, P. H., S. KELLY, A. A. SHRENE, S. E. SNEAD, J. M. SLEEMAN, AND D. A. PETTIT s]. 2006. West Nile virus in raptors from Virginia during 2003: Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic findings. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42: 335-344.
15. [s KRAMER, L. D., AND K. A. BERNARD s]. 2001. West Nile virus infection in birds and mammals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 951: 84-93.
16. [s LANGEVIN, S. A., M. BUNNING, B. DAVIS, AND N. KOMAR s]. 2001. Experimental infection of chickens as candidate sentinels for West Nile virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases 7: 726-729.
17. [s LUDWIG, G. V., P. P. CALLE, J. A. MANGIAFICO, B. L. RAPHAEL, D. K. DANNER, J. A. HILE, T. L. CLIPPINGER, J. F. SMITH, R. A. COOK, AND T. MCNAMARA s]. 2002. An outbreak of West Nile virus in a New York City captive Wildlife population. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 67-75.
18. [s MORISHITA, T., A. FULLERTON, L. LOWENSTINE, I. GARDNER, AND D. BROOKS s]. 1998. Morbidity and mortality in free-living raptorial birds of northern California: A retrospective study, 1983-1994. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 12: 78-81.
19. [s NEMETH, N., D. GOULD, R. BOWEN, AND N. KOMAR s]. 2006a. Natural and experimental West Nile virus infection in five raptor species. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42: 1-13.
20. [s NEMETH, D. C., D. C. HAHN, D. H. GOULD, AND R. A. BOWEN s]. 2006b. Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls ( Megascops asio). Avian Diseases 50: 252-258.
21. [s STEELE, K. E., M. J. LINN, R. J. SCHOEPP, N. KOMAR, T. W. GEISBERT, R. M. MANDUCA, P. P. CALLE, B. L. RAPHAEL, T. L. CLIPPINGER, T. LARSEN, J. SMITH, R. S. LANCIOTTI, N. A. PANELLA, AND T. S. MCNAMARA s]. 2000. Pathology of fatal West Nile Virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York. Veterinan Pathology 37: 208-224.
22. [s SWAYNE, D. E., J. R. BECK, AND S. ZAKI s]. 2000. Pathogenicity of West Nile virus for turkeys. Avian Diseases 44: 932-937.
23. [s TURELL, M. J., M. O'GUINN, AND J. OLIVER s]. 2000. Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62: 413-414.
24. [s TURELL, M. J., M. L. O'GUINN, D. J. DOHM, AND J. W. JONES s]. 2001. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae for West Nile virus. Journal of Medical Entomology 38: 130-134.
25. [s TURELL, M. J., M. L. O'GUINN, D. J. DOHM, J. P. WEBB, JR., AND M. R. SARDELIS s]. 2002. Vector competence of Culex tarsalis from Orange County, California, for West Nile virus. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2: 193-196.
26. [s WORK, T. M., AND J. HALE s]. 1996. Causes of owl mortality in Hawaii, 1992 to 1994. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32: 266-273.
27. [s WUNSCHMANN, A., J. SHIVERS, J. BENDER, L. CARROLL, S. FULLER, M. SAGGESE, A. VAN WETTERE, AND P. REDIG s]. 2004. Pathologic findings in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and Cooper's hawks ( Accipiter cooper) naturally infected with West Nile virus. Avian Diseases 48: 570-580.
28. [s WUNSCHMANN, A., J. SHIVERS, J. BENDER, L. CARROLL, S. FULLER, M. SAGGESE, A. VAN WETTERE, AND P. REDIG s]. 2005. Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) naturally infected with West Nile virus. Avian Diseases 49: 252-259.
29. [s YANG, J. S., M. P. RAMANATHAN, K. MUTHUMANI A. Y. CHOO, S. H. JIN, Q. C. YU, D. S. HWANG, D. K. CHOO, M. D. LEE, K. DANG, W. TANG, J. J. KIM, AND D. B. WEINER s]. 2002. Induction of inflammation by West Nile virus capsid through the caspase-9 apoptotic pathway. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8: 1379-1384.