Pathology of fatal west nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York

Veterinary Pathology

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 208-224

  Steele, K E ^c   Linn, M J ^a   Schoepp, R J ^c   Komar, N ^b   Geisbert, T W ^c   Manduca, R M ^a   Calle, P P ^a   Raphael, B L ^a   Clippinger, T L ^a   Larsen, T ^c   Smith, J ^c   Lanciotti, R S ^b   Panella, N A ^b   McNamara, T S ^a  

^a WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Arbovirus; Avian; Immunohistochemistry; In situ hybridization; Meningoencephalitis; Myocarditis; RT PCR; Virus isolation; West nile virus

Indexed keywords

ARBOVIRUS; AVES; CORVIDAE; EQUIDAE; ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; WEST NILE VIRUS;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BIRD; BIRD DISEASE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOLOGY; UNITED STATES; VIRUS INFECTION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

ANIMALS; BIRD DISEASES; BIRDS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; NEW YORK CITY; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 0034185742     PISSN: 03009858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-3-208     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Anderson JF, Andreadis TG, Vossbrinck CR, Tirrell S, Waken EM, French RA, Garmendia AE, Van Kruiningen HJ: Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. Science 286:2331-2333, 1999
2. Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, Dalrymple JM, Shope RE, Porterfield JS, Westaway EG, Brandt WE: Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by crossneutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J Gen Virol 70:37-43, 1989
3. CDC. Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis - New York, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48: 845-849, 1999
4. CDC. Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis - New York, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48:890-892, 1999
5. CDC. Update: West Nile virus encephalitis - New York, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48:944-946, 1999
6. Ernek E, Kozuch O, Nosek J, Teplan J, Folk C: Arboviruses in birds captured in Slovakia. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 21:353-359, 1977
7. Geisbert TW, Jahrling PB: Differentiation of filoviruses by electron microscopy. Virus Res 39:129-150, 1995
8. Hubalek Z, Halouzka J: Arthropod-borne viruses of vertebrates in Europe. Acta Sci Nat Brno 30:1-95, 1996
9. Hubalek Z, Halouzka J: West Nile fever - a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 5:643-650, 1999
10. Hurlbut HS: West Nile virus infection in arthropods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5:76-85, 1956
11. Kell WM, Sheridan-Cuddy LC, Vogel P: A nonisotopic in situ hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes to detect viral RNA in paraffin-embedded tissues. Cell Vision 4:339-346, 1997
12. Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ: Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern US. Science 286: 2333-2337, 1999
13. Leary K, Blair CD: Sequential events in the morphogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus. J Ultrastr Res 72: 123-129, 1980
14. Monath TP, Heinz FX: Flaviviruses. In: Fields Virology, ed. Fields ND, Knipe DM, Howley PM, 3rd ed., pp. 961-997. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1996
15. Nir Y, Goldwasser R, Lasowski T, Avivi A: Isolation of arboviruses from wild birds in Israel. Am J Epidemiol 86:372-378, 1967
16. Office International des Epizooties: West Nile fever in Israel in geese. Dis Info 12:166, 1999
17. Office International des Epizooties: West Nile fever in the United States of America in horses. Dis Info 12:150-151, 1999
18. Richmond JY, McKinney RW, ed.: Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 4th ed., pp. 190, 195. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999
19. Savage HM, Ceianu C, Nicolescu G, Karabatsos N, Lanciotti R, Vladimirescu A, Laiv L, Ungureanu A, Romanca C, Tsai TF: Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61:600-611, 1999
20. Taylor RM, Work TH, Hurlbut HS, Rizk FA: A study of the ecology of West Nile virus in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5:579-620, 1956
21. Tsai TF, Popovici F, Cernescu C, Campbell GL, Nedelcu NI: West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania. Lancet 352:767-771, 1998
22. Wang JJ, Liao CL, Chjou CT, Huang YL, Chen LK: Ultrastructure and localization of E proteins in cultured neuron cells infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. Virology 238:30-39, 1997
23. Westaway EG, Mackenzie JM, Kenney MT, Jones MK, Khromykh AA: Ultrastructure of Kunjin virus-infected cells: colocalization of NS1 and NS3 with double-stranded RNA, and of NS2B with NS3, in virus-induced membrane structures. J Virol 71:6650-6661, 1997
24. Work TH, Hurlbut HS, Taylor RM: Indigenous wild birds of the Nile Delta as potential West Nile virus circulating reservoirs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 4:872-878, 1955