Dietary management of type 2 diabetes: A personal odyssey

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 83-94

  Nuttall, Frank Q ^a,b   Gannon, Mary C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Diet; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary protein; Glycemic index; Glycogen; Glycogen synthase; Starvation

Indexed keywords

FAT; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3; INSULIN; PROTEIN;

CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CAREER; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIABETIC DIET; FAT INTAKE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LOW BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE GLUCOSE DIET; MACRONUTRIENT; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PROTEIN INTAKE; REACTION ANALYSIS; STARVATION;

AREA UNDER CURVE; BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY FATS; DIETARY PROTEINS; HUMANS; INSULIN; LIVER; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD;

EID: 34250313254     PISSN: 07315724     EISSN: 15411087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719589     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Saito K, Yaginuma N, Takahashi T: Differential volumetry of A, B and D cells in the pancreatic islets of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Tohoku J Exp Med 129:273-283, 1979.
2. Butler AE, Janson J, Bonner-Weir S, Ritzel R, Rizza RA, Butler PC: B-cell deficit and increased B-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 52:102-110, 2003.
3. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC: Plasma glucose and insulin response to macronutrients in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. Diab Care 14:824-838, 1991.
4. Cori GT, Cori CF: The enzymatic conversion of phosphorylase a to b. J Biol Chem 158:321-322, 1945.
5. Cori GT: The effect of stimulation and recovery on the phosphorylase a content of muscle. J Biol Chem 158:333-339, 1945.
6. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Corbett VA, Wheeler MP: Insulin stimulation of heart glycogen synthase D phosphatase (protein phosphatase). J Biol Chem 251:6724-6729, 1976.
7. Cross DA, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Andjelkovich M, Hemmings BA: Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature 378:785-789, 1995.
8. Gerich JE: Control of glycaemia. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 7:551-586, 1993.
9. Jahoor F, Peters EJ, Wolfe RR: The relationship between gluconeogenic substrate supply and glucose production in humans. Am J Physiol 258:E288-E296, 1990.
10. Nuttall FQ, Ngo A, Gannon MC: Regulation of hepatic glucose production and the role of gluconeogenesis in humans. In Preparation 2007.
11. Huijing F, Nuttall FQ, Villar-Palasi L, Larner J: UDP glucose: alpha-1, 4-glucan alpha-4-glucosyltransferase in heart. Regulation of activity of the transferase in-vivo and in-vitro in rat. A dissociation in the action of insulin on transport and on transferase conversion. Biochim Biophys Acta 177:204-212, 1969.
12. Nuttall FQ, Larner J: Studies on glycogen synthetase interconverting enzymes in in vitro perfused compared to non-perfused rat hearts. Biochim Biophys Acta 230:560-570, 1971.
13. Nuttall FQ: Mechanism of insulin action on glycogen synthesis. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1, Section 7, pp 395-413, 1972.
14. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Larner J: Oral glucose effect on glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase in heart, muscle and liver. Physiol Chem Phys 4:497-515, 1972.
15. Nuttall FQ, Barbosa J, Gannon MC: The glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of normal humans and patients with myotonic dystrophy: effect of glucose and insulin administration. Metabolism 23:561-568, 1974.
16. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bergstrom WJ: Insulin and epinephrine effects on heart glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activity. Am J Physiol 228:1815-1820, 1975.
17. Nuttall FQ, Barbosa J, Gannon MC: Activation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase following glucose administration in normal males. Metabolism 26:719-720, 1977.
18. Gannon MC, Tan AWH, Nuttall FQ: Effect of starvation and insulin treatment on glycogen synthase D and synthase D phosphatase activity in rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 34:31-34, 1981.
19. Gannon MC, Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ: Effect of insulin administration on cardiac glycogen synthase and synthase phosphatase activity in rats fed diets high in protein, fat or carbohydrate. J Nutr 115:243-251, 1985.
20. Gilboe DP, Nuttall FQ: The regulation of liver glycogen synthetase D phosphatase by ATP and glucose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 53:164-171, 1973.
21. Tan AWH, Nuttall FQ: Regulation of synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 445:118-130, 1976.
22. Gilboe DP, Nuttall FQ: In-vivo glucose-, glucagon-, and cAMPinduced changes in liver glycogen synthase phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem 253:4078-4081, 1978.
23. Mulmed LN, Gannon MC, Gilboe DP, Tan AWH, Nuttall FQ: Glycogen synthase, synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase response to glucose in somatostatin pretreated intact rats. Diabetes 28:231-236, 1979.
24. Nuttall FQ, Gilboe DP: Liver glycogen synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities in vitro following glucose and glucagon administration. Arch Biochem Biophys 203:483-486, 1980.
25. Nuttall FQ, Theen JW, Niewoehner CB, Gilboe DP: Response of liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase to in-vivo glucose and glucose analogues. Am J Physiol 245:E521-E527, 1983.
26. Gilboe DP, Nuttall FQ: The effect of glucose on liver glycogen synthase phosphatase activity in the presence of ATP-Mg. Arch Biochem Biophys 264:302-309, 1988.
27. Tan AWH, Nuttall FQ: In-vivo phosphorylation of liver glycogen synthase. Effect of glucose and glucagon treatment of liver cells on the distribution of the [32P] phosphate. Biochem Cell Biol 71:90-96, 1993.
28. Ercan N, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ: Liver glycogen synthase, phosphorylase and glycogen concentration in rats given a single glucose load orally. A 24 hour study. Arch Biochem Biophys 315:35-40, 1994.
29. Niewoehner C, Nuttall FQ: Glycogen concentration and regulation of synthase activity in rat liver in-vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys 318:271-278, 1995.
30. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ: Effect of feeding, fasting, and diabetes on liver glycogen synthase activity, protein, and mRNA in rats. Diabetologia 40:758-763, 1997.
31. Regan JJ, Doorneweerd DD, Gilboe DP, Nuttall FQ: Influence of fructose on the glycogen synthase and phosphorylase systems in rat liver. Metabolism 29:965-969, 1980.
32. Niewoehner CB, Gilboe DP, Nuttall GA, Nuttall FQ: Metabolic effects of oral fructose in the liver of fasted rats. Am J Physiol 247:E505-E512, 1984.
33. Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ: Mechanism of stimulation of liver glycogen synthesis by fructose in alloxan diabetic rats. Diabetes 35:705-711, 1986.
34. Niewoehner CB, Nuttall BQ, Nuttall FQ: Effects of graded intravenous doses of fructose on glycogen synthase in the liver of fasted rats. Metabolism 36:338-344, 1987.
35. Nuttall FQ, Gilboe DP, Gannon MC, Niewoehner CB, Tan AWH: Regulation of glycogen synthesis in the liver. Am J Med 85:77-85, 1988.
36. Nuttall FQ, Khan MA, Gannon MC: Peripheral glucose appearance rate following fructose ingestion in normal subjects. Metabolism 49:1565-1571, 2000.
37. Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ: The relationship of hepatic glucose uptake to intrahepatic glucose concentration in fasted rats following a glucose load. Diabetes 37:1559-1566, 1988.
38. Niewoehner C, Neil B: Mechanism of delayed hepatic glycogen synthesis after an oral galactose load vs. an oral glucose load in adult rats. Am J Physiol 263:E42-E49, 1992.
39. Niewoehner CB, Gilboe DP, Nuttall FQ: Metabolic effects of oral glucose in the liver of fasted rats. Am J Physiol 246:E89-E94, 1984.
40. Tan AWH, Nuttall FQ: Endogenous phosphates on liver glycogen synthase D and synthase I. Studies on the number and location. J Biol Chem 258:9624-9630, 1983.
41. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bai G, Lee EYC: Primary structure of human liver glycogen synthase deduced by cDNA cloning. Arch Biochem Biophys 311:443-449, 1994.
42. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Kubic VL, Hoyt KJ: The human liver glycogen synthase isozyme gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 12. Genomics 19:404-405, 1994.
43. Lehto M, Stoffel M, Groop L, Espinosa RI, LeBeau MM, Bell GI: Assignment of the gene encoding glycogen synthase (GYS) to human chromosome 19, band q13.3. Genomics 15:460-461, 1993.
44. Krezowski PA, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Billington CJ, Parker S: The insulin and glucose responses to various starch containing foods in type II diabetic subjects. Diab Care 10:205-212, 1987.
45. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Krezowski PA, Billington CJ, Parker S: The serum insulin and plasma glucose responses to milk and fruit products in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 29:784-791, 1986.
46. Ercan N, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Redmond JB, Sheridan KJ: Effects of glucose, galactose and lactose on the plasma glucose and insulin response in persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 42:1560-1567, 1993.
47. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Westphal SA, Fang S, Ercan-Fang N: Acute metabolic response to high carbohydrate, high starch meals compared to moderate carbohydrate, low starch meals in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21:1619-1626, 1998.
48. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Westphal SA: Effects of dose of ingested glucose on plasma metabolite and hormone responses in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diab Care 12:544-552, 1989.
49. Faiman C, Moorehouse JA: Diurnal variation in the levels of glucose and related substances in healthy and diabetic subjects during starvation. Clin Sci 32:111-126, 1967.
50. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Lane JT, Fang S, Gupta V, Sandhofer C: Effect of 24 hours of starvation on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in people with untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 45:492-497, 1996.
51. Marks HH, Krall LP, White P: Epidemiology and detection of diabetes, 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, p. 24, 1971.
52. Nuttall FQ, Mooradian AD, DeMarais R: The glycemic effect of different meals approximately isocaloric and similar in protein, carbohydrate and fat content as calculated using the ADA exchange lists. Diab Care 6:432-435, 1983.
53. Nuttall FQ, Mooradian AD, Gannon MC, Billington C, Krezowski PA: Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load. Diab Care 7:465-470, 1984.
54. Krezowski PA, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bartosh NH: The effect of protein ingestion on the metabolic response to oral glucose in normal individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 44:847-856, 1986.
55. Berger S, Joondeph HC, Radmeler B: Effect of protein ingestion on plasma insulin concentration. J Lab Clin Med 64:841, 1964.
56. Floyd JC, Jr., Fajans SS, Conn JW, Knopf RF, Rull J: Insulin secretion in response to protein ingestion. J Clin Invest 45:1479-1486, 1966.
57. Sukkar MY, Huntes WM, Passmore R: Changes in plasma levels of insulin and growth-hormone levels after a protein meal. Lancet 2:1020-1022, 1967.
58. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Neil BJ, Westphal SA: The insulin and glucose responses to meals of glucose plus various proteins in Type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism 37:1081-1088, 1988.
59. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC: Metabolic response to egg white and cottage cheese protein in normal subjects. Metabolism 39:749-755, 1990.
60. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Lane JT, Burmeister LA: Metabolic response to cottage cheese or egg white protein, with or without glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 41:1137-1145, 1992.
61. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover K: An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in people with type 2 diabetes. Amer J Clin Nutr 78:734-741, 2003.
62. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ: Effect of a high-protein, lowcarbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53:2375-2382, 2004.
63. Rech ME: Observations on the decay of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c in diabetic patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab 104:102-105, 1996.
64. DuBois EF: The control of protein in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc 4:53-76, 1928.
65. Nuttall FQ, Schweim K, Hoover H, Gannon MC: Effect of the LoBAG30 diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Submitted 2007.