Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the 3 November 1993 magnetic storm: NOAA and Exos-D observations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 108, Issue A1, 2003, Pages

  Miyoshi, Yoshizumi ^a   Morioka, Akira ^a   Obara, Takahiro ^b   Misawa, Hiroaki ^a   Nagai, Tsugunobu ^c   Kasahara, Yoshiya ^d  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^d KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Electron flux; Exos D; Magnetic storm; Radiation belt

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042809859     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JA007542     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Albert, J. M., Analysis of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2429-2441, 1999.
2. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, R. W. Klebesadel, and P. R. Higbie, Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer magnetosphere, 1, Lifetimes and temporal history 1979-1984, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4265-4276, 1986.
3. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, L. B. Callis, J. R. Cummings, D. Hovestadt, S. Kanekal, B. Klecker, R. A. Mewaldt, and R. D. Zwicki, Relativistic electron acceleration and decay time scales in the inner and outer radiation belts: SAMPEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 409-412, 1994.
4. Baker, D. N., X. Li, J. B. Blake, and S. Kanekal, Strong electron acceleration in the earth's magnetosphere, Adv. Space Res., 21, 609-613, 1997.
5. Baker, D. N., T. Pulkkinen, X. Li, S. Kanekal, J. B. Blake, R. S. Selesnick, M. G. Henderson, G. D. Reeves, H. E. Spence, and G. Rostoker, Coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, relativistic electron events: ISTP, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,279-17,291, 1998.
6. Baker, D. N., S. G. Kanekal, J. B. Blake, and T. I. Pulkkinen, The global efficiency of relativistic electron production in the Earth's magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19,169-19,178, 2001.
7. Beutier, T., and D. Boscher, A three-dimensional analysis of the electron radiation belt by the Salammbo code, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,853-14,861, 1995.
8. Boscher, D., S. Bourdarie, R. M. Thorne, and B. Abel, , Adv. Space Res., 26, 163-166, 2000.
9. Brautigam, D. H., and J. M. Albert, Radial diffusion analysis of outer radiation belt electrons during the October 9, 1990, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 291-309, 2000.
10. Burtis, W. J., and R. A. Helliwell, Magnetospheric chorus: Amplitude and growth rate, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3265-3270, 1975.
11. Carpenter, D. L., and R. R. Anderson, An ISEE/whistler model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10971108, 1992.
12. Chiu, Y. T., R. W. Nightingale, and M. A. Rinaldi, Simultaneous radial and pitch angle diffusion in the outer electron radiation belt, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2619-2632, 1988.
13. Desorgher, L., P. Bühler, A. Zehnder, and E. O. Flückiger, Simulation of the outer radiation belt electron flux decrease during the March 26, 1995, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21,211-21,223, 2000.
14. Elkington, S. R., M. K. Hudson, and A. A. Chan, Acceleration of relativistic electrons via drift-resonant interaction with toroidal-mode Pc5 ULF oscillations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3273-3276, 1999.
15. Freeman, J. W., T. P. O'Brien, A. A. Chan, and R. A. Wolf, Energetic electrons at geostationary orbit during the November 3-4, 1993 storm: Spatial/temporal morphology, characterization by a power law spectrum, representation by an artificial neural network, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,251-26,260, 1998.
16. Fujimoto, M., and A. Nishida, Energization and anisotropization of energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belt by the recirculation process, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4265-4270, 1990.
17. Horne, R. B., and R. M. Thome, Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3011-3014, 1998.
18. Hudson, M. K., S. R. Elkington, J. G. Lyon, C. C. Goodrich, and T. J. Rosenberg, Simulation of radiation belt dynamics driven by solar wind variations, in Sun - Earth Plasma Connections, AGU Monogr., vol. 109, edited by J. L. Burch, R. L. Carovillano, and S. K. Antiochos, pp. 171-182, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1999.
19. Hudson, M. K., S. R. Elkington, J. G. Lyon, and C. C. Goodrich, Increase in relativistic electron flux in the inner magnetosphere: ULF wave mode structure, Adv. Space Res., 25, 2327-2337, 2000.
20. Kamide, Y., et al., Current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm-substorm relationships, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,705-17,728, 1998.
21. Kanekal, S. G., D. N. Baker, J. B. Blake, B. Klecker, R. A. Mewaldt, and G. M. Mason, Magnetospheric response to magnetic cloud (coronal mass ejection) events: Relativistic electron observations from SAMPEX and POLAR, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24,885-24,894, 1999.
22. Kennel, C. F., and F. Engelmann, Velocity space diffusion from weak plasma turbulence in a magnetic field, Phys. Fluids, 9,2377-2388, 1966.
23. Kennel, C. F., and H. E. Petscheck, Limit on stably trapped particle fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1-28, 1966.
24. Kim, H.-J., and A. A. Chan, Fully adiabatic changes in storm time relativistic electron fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,107-22,116, 1997.
25. Kimura, I., K. Hashimoto, I. Nagano, T. Okada, M. Yamamoto, T. Yoshino, H. Matsumoto, M. Ejiri, and K. Hayashi, VLF observations by the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 42, 459-478, 1990.
26. Knipp, D. J., et al., An overview of the early November 1993 geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,197-26,220, 1998.
27. Kohno, T., Current and future data available in Japan, in Radiation Belts, Models and Standards, AGU Monogr., vol. 97, edited by J. F. Lemaire, D. Heynderickx, and D. N. Baker, pp. 217-222, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1996.
28. Kozyra, J. U., V. K. Jordanova, J. E. Borovsky, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. Knipp, D. S. Evans, D. J. McComas, and T. E. Cayton, Effects of a high-density sheet on ring current development during the November 2-6, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,285-26,305, 1998.
29. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, D. Larson, R. P. Lin, G. D. Reeves, M. Looper, S. G. Kanekal, and R. A. Mewaldt, Are energetic electrons in the solar wind the source of the outer radiation belt?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 923-926, 1997a.
30. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, T. E. Cayton, G. D. Reeves, R. A. Christensen, J. B. Blake, M. D. Looper, R. Nakamura, and S. G. Kanekal, Multisatellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3-4, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,123-14,140, 1997b.
31. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, T. E. Cayton, G. D. Reeves, R. S. Selesnick, J. B. Blake, G. Lu, S. G. Kanekal, and H. J. Singer, Rapid enhancements of relativistic electrons deep in the magnetosphere during the May 15, 1997, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4467-4476, 1999.
32. Liu, W. W., G. Rostoker, and D. N. Baker, Internal acceleration process of relativistic electrons by large-amplitude ULF pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,391-17,407, 1999.
33. Lyons, L. R., and R. M. Thome, Equilibrium structure of radiation belt electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 2142-2149, 1973.
34. Lyons, L. R., R. M. Thorne, and C. F. Kennel, Pitch-angle diffusion of radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 3455-3474, 1972.
35. Ma, C., and D. Summers, Formation of power-law energy spectra in space plasmas by stochastic acceleration due to whistler-mode waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4099-4102, 1998.
36. Mandea, M., and S. Macmillan, International geomagnetic reference field - The eighth generation, Earth Planets Space, 52, 1119-1124, 2000.
37. McIlwain, C. E., Ring current effects on trapped particles, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 3623-3628, 1966.
38. McIlwain, C. E., Processes acting upon outer zone electrons, in Radiation Belts, Models and Standards, AGU Monogr., vol. 97, edited by J. F. Lemaire, D. Heynderickx, and D. N. Baker, pp. 15-26, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1996.
39. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, and R. R. Anderson, Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13,165-13,178, 2001.
40. Morioka, A., H. Misawa, Y. Miyoshi, H. Oya, M. Iizima, and T. Nagai, Pitch angle distribution of relativistic electrons in the inner radiation belt and its relation to equatorial plasma waves turbulence phenomena, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 931-934, 2001.
41. Nagai, T., "Space Weather Forecast": Prediction of relativistic electron intensity at synchronous orbit, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 425-428, 1988.
42. Nakamura, R., K. Kamei, Y. Kamide, D. N. Baker, J. B. Blake, and M. Looper, SAMPEX observations of storm-associated electron flux variations in the outer radiation belt, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,261-26,269, 1998.
43. Nakamura, R., M. Isowa, Y. Kamide, D. N. Baker, J. B. Blake, and M. Looper, SAMPEX observations of precipitation bursts in the outer radiation belt, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,875-15,885, 2000.
44. Nishida, A., Outward diffusion of energetic particles from the Jovian radiation belt, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1771-1773, 1976.
45. Obara, T., T. Nagatsuma, M. Den, Y. Miyoshi, and A. Morioka, Main-phase creation of "seed" electrons in the outer radiation belt, Earth Planets Space, 52, 41-47, 2000a.
46. Obara, T., M. Den, Y. Miyoshi, and A. Morioka, Energetic electron variation in the outer radiation zone during early May 1998 magnetic storm, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 1405-1412, 2000b.
47. Obara, T., Y. Miyoshi, and A. Morioka, Large enhancement of the outer belt electrons during magnetic storms, Earth Planets Space, 53, 1163-1170, 2001.
48. Osaki, H., K. Takahashi, H. Fukunishi, T. Nagatsuma, H. Oya, A. Matsuoka, and D. K. Milling, Pi2 pulsations observed from the Akebono satellite in the plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,605-17,615, 1998.
49. Oya, H., and K. Tsuruda, Introduction to the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite observations, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 42, 367-370, 1990.
50. Oya, H., A. Morioka, K. Kobayashi, M. Iizima, T. Ono, H. Miyaoka, T. Okada, and T. Obara, Plasma wave observation and stimulation experiments (PWS) using Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite - Instrumentation and initial results including discovery of the high altitude equatorial plasma turbulence, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 42, 411-422, 1990.
51. Paulikas, G. A. and J. B. Blake, Effects of the solar wind on magnetospheric dynamics: Energetic electrons at the synchronous orbit, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, AGU Monogr., vol. 21, edited by W. P. Olson, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979.
52. Raben, V. J., D. E. Evans, H. H. Sauer, S. R. Sahm, and M. Huynh, TIROS/ NOAA satellite space environment monitor data archive documentation: 1995 update, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL SEL-86, 1995.
53. Reeves, G. D., D. N. Baker, R. D. Belian, J. B. Blake, T. E. Cayton, J. F. Fennell, R. H. W. Friedel, M. M. Meier, R. S. Selesnick, and H. E. Spence, The global response of relativistic radiation belt electrons to the January 1997 magnetic cloud, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3265-3268, 1998.
54. Rostoker, G., S. Skone, and D. N. Baker, On the origin of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere associated with some geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3701-3704, 1998.
55. Roth, I., M. Temerin, M. K. Hudson, G. D. Reeves, J. B. Blake, and R. S. Selesnick, Resonant heating energetic storm-time electrons due to substorm-time excited whistler waves, in Substorms-4, edited by S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 215-218, 1998.
56. Roth, I., M. Temerin, and M. K. Hudson, Resonant enhancement of relativistic electron fluxes during geomagnetically active periods, Ann. Geophys., 17, 631-638, 1999.
57. Schultz, M., Direct influence of ring current on auroral oval diameter, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,149-14,154, 1997.
58. Schultz, M., and L. J. Lanzerotti, Particle diffusion in the radiation belts, in Physics and Chemistry in Space, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974.
59. Selesnick, R. S., and J. B. Blake, On the source location of radiation belt relativistic electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2607-2624, 2000.
60. Smith, A. J., M. P. Freeman, and G. D. Reeves, Postmidnight VLF chorus events, a substorm signature observed at the ground near L = 4, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24,641-24,653, 1996.
61. Smith, E. J., M. A. Frandsen, B. T. Tsurutani, R. M. Thorne, and K. W. Chan, Plasmaspheric hiss intensity variations during magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2507-2510, 1974.
62. Summers, D., and C. Ma, A model for generating relativistic electrons in the Earth's inner magnetosphere based on gyroresonant wave-particle interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2625-2639, 2000a.
63. Summers, D., and C. Ma, Rapid acceleration of electrons in the magnetosphere by fast-mode MHD waves, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,887-15,895, 2000b.
64. Summers, D., R. M. Thore, and F. Xiao, Relativistic theory of wave-particle resonant diffusion with application to electron acceleration in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20,487-20,500, 1998.
65. Summers, D., R. M. Thorne, and F. Xiao, Gyroresonant acceleration of electrons in the magnetosphere by superluminous electromagnetic waves, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,853-10,868, 2001.
66. Takagi, S., T. Nakamura, T. Kohno, and F. Makino, Observation of space radiation environment with EXOS-D, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 40, 1491-1497, 1993.
67. Thorne, R. M., E. J. Smith, R. K. Burton, and R. E. Holzer, Plasmaspheric hiss, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 1581-1596, 1973.
68. Thorne, R. M., E. J. Smith, K. J. Fiske, and S. R. Church, Intensity variation of ELF hiss and choras during isolated substorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, 193-196, 1974.
69. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, A. L. C. Gonzalez, F. Tang, J. K. Araballo, and M. Okada, Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic activity in the declining phase of solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,717-21,733, 1995.
70. Walt, M., Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1994.
71. West, H. I., Jr., R. M. Buck, and G. T. Davidson, The dynamics of energetic electrons in the earth's outer radiation belt during 1968 as observed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's spectrometer on Ogo 5, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2111-2142, 1981.