Persistence with oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy and hospitalisation for cardiovascular outcomes

Maturitas

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 315-324

  Corrao, Giovanni ^a   Zambon, Antonella ^a   Nicotra, Federica ^a   Fornari, Carla ^a   La Vecchia, Carlo ^b,c   Mezzanzanica, Mario ^a   Nappi, Rossella E ^d,e   Merlino, Luca ^f   Cesana, Giancarlo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^b MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

^e IRCCS   (Italy)

^f Operative Unit of Territorial Health Services   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cohort study; Database; Hormone replacement therapy; Income; Record linkage; Transdermal administration

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; HORMONE; RALOXIFENE; SEX HORMONE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFOUNDING VARIABLE; DATA BASE; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INCOME; ITALY; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRESCRIPTION; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; ITALY; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT DISCHARGE; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 34249994067     PISSN: 03785122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.03.001     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Grodstein F., Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A., et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1769-1775
2. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002;288:321-33.
3. Klaiber E.L., Vogel W., and Rako S. A critique of the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy study. Fertil Steril 84 (2005) 1589-1601
4. Grodstein F., Manson J.E., and Stampfer M.J. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health 15 (2006) 35-44
5. Davidson M.H., Maki K.C., Marx P., et al. Effects of continuous estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 160 (2000) 3315-3325
6. LaCroix A.Z. Estrogen with and without progestin: benefits and risks of short-term use. Am J Med 118 12 Suppl. 2 (2005) 79-87
7. Scarabin P.Y., Oger E., and Plu-Bureau G. EStrogen and THromboEmbolism Risk Study Group. Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. Lancet 362 (2003) 428-432
8. Vogelvang T.E., van der Mooren M.J., Kamp O., Mijatovic V., Visser C.A., and Kenemans P. Effects of oral and transdermal low-dose estrogen therapy on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac function. Fertil Steril 80 (2003) 546-553
9. Herrington D.M., Reboussin D.M., Brosnihan K.B., et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 522-529
10. Clarke S.C., Kelleher J., Lloyd-Jones H., Slack M., and Schofiel P.M. A study of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with ischaemic heart disease: the papworth HRT atherosclerosis study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 109 (2002) 2432-2440
11. Waters D.D., Alderman E.L., Hsia J., et al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288 (2002) 2432-2440
12. Hodis H.N., Mack W.J., Azen S.P., et al. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 535-545
13. Stampfer M.J., and Colditz G.A. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prevent Med 20 (1991) 47-63
14. Grady D., Rubin S.M., Petitti D.B., et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 117 (1992) 1016-1037
15. Mattheus K.A., Kuller L.H., Wing R.R., Meilahn E.N., and Plantinga P. Prior to use of estrogen replacement therapy, are users healthier than nonusers?. Am J Epidemiol 143 (1996) 971-978
16. Petrelli A., Gnavi R., Marinacci C., and Costa G. Socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease in Italy: a multilevel population-based study. Soc Sci Med 63 (2006) 446-456
17. Nelson H.D., Humphrey L.L., Nygren P., Teutsch S.M., and Allan J.D. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. J Am Med Assoc 288 (2002) 872-881
18. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women: recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 142 (2005) 855-860
19. Ferrario M.M., Fornari C., Bolognesi L., et al. Recenti andamenti temporali dei tassi di infarto miocardico in nord Italia Risultati dei registri IM MONICA e CAMUNI in Brianza: 1993-1994 versus 1997-1998. Ital Heart J Suppl 4 (2003) 651-657
20. Beaglehole R., Stewart A.W., and Butler M. Comparability of old and new World Health Organization criteria for definite myocardial infarction. Int J Epidemiol 16 (1987) 373-376
21. Lobo R.A. Clinical review 27: effects of hormonal replacement on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 (1991) 925-930
22. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Anatomical therapeutic chemical classification index with defined daily doses (ATC/DDD) (2000), World Health Organization, Oslo
23. OECD. The OECD list of social indicators (1982), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris
24. Marubini E., and Valsecchi M.G. Analysing survival data from clinical trials and observational studies (1995), John Wiley & Sons, New York
25. Caro J.J., Ishak K.J., Huybrechts K.F., Raggio G., and Naujoks C. The impact of compliance with osteoporosis therapy on fracture rates in actual practice. Osteoporos Int 15 (2004) 1003-1008
26. SAS Institute Inc. SAS Technical report P-229, SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements, Release 6.07. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 1992.
27. Magliano D.J., Rogers S.L., Abramson M.J., and Tonkin A.M. Hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 113 (2006) 5-14
28. Bath P.M., and Gray L.J. Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent stroke: a meta-analysis. Br Med J 330 (2005) 342
29. Copeland K.T., Checkoway H., McMichael A.J., and Holbrook R.H. Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk. Am J Epidemiol 105 (1977) 488-495
30. Lancaster T., Surman G., Lawrence M., et al. Hormone replacement therapy: characteristics of users and non-users in a British general practice cohort identified though computerised prescribing records. J Epidemiol Commun H 49 (1995) 389-394
31. Wilson P.W., Garrison R.J., and Castelli W.P. Postmenopausal estrogen use, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular morbidity in women over 50. The Framingham study. N Engl J Med 313 (1985) 1038-1043
32. Derby C.A., Hume A.L., McPhillips J.B., Barbour M.M., and Carleton R.A. Prior and current health characteristics of postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy users compared with nonusers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 (1995) 544-550
33. Persson I., Bergkvist L., Lindgren C., and Yuen J. Hormone replacement therapy and major risk factors for reproductive cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases: evidence of confounding by exposure characteristics. J Clin Epidemiol 50 (1997) 611-618
34. Barrett-Connor E. Heart disease in women. Fertil Steril 62 Suppl. 2 (1994) 127S-132S
35. Horwitz R.I., Viscoli C.M., Berkman L., et al. Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction. Lancet 336 (1990) 1002-1003
36. Brett K.M., and Madans J.H. Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: estimates from a nationally representative cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 145 (1997) 536-545
37. Derby C.A., Hume A.L., Barbour M.M., McPhillips J.B., Lasater T.M., and Carleton R.A. Correlates of postmenopausal estrogen use and trends through the 1980s in two southeastern New England communities. Am J Epidemiol 137 (1993) 1125-1135
38. Groeneveld F.P., Bareman F.P., Barentsen R., Dokter H.J., Drogendijk A.C., and Hoes A.W. Duration of hormonal replacement therapy in general practice; a follow-up study. Maturitas 29 (1998) 125-131
39. Egeland G.M., Matthews K.A., Kuller L.H., and Kelsey S.F. Characteristics of noncontraceptive hormone users. Prevent Med 17 (1988) 403-411
40. Brennan R.M., Crespo C.J., and Wactawski-Wende J. Health behaviors and other characteristics of women on hormone therapy: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994. Menopause 11 (2004) 536-542
41. Keating N.L., Cleary P.D., Rossi A.S., Zaslavsky A.M., and Ayanian J.Z. Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States. Ann Intern Med 130 (1999) 545-553
42. Standeven M., Criqui M.H., Klauber M.R., Zaslavsky A.M., and Ayanian J.Z. Correlates of change in postmenopausal estrogen use in a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 124 (1986) 268-274
43. Wei F., Miglioretti D.L., Connelly M.T., et al. Changes in women's use of hormones after the Women's Health Initiative estrogen and progestin trial by race, education, and income. J Natl Cancer I 35 (2005) 106-112
44. Chiaffarino F., Parazzini F., La Vecchia C., et al. Correlates of hormone replacement therapy use in Italian women 1992-1996. Maturitas 33 (1999) 107-115
45. Lawlor D.A., Smith G.D., and Ebrahim S. Socioeconomic position and hormone replacement therapy use: explaining the discrepancy in evidence from observational and randomized controlled trials. Am J Public Health 94 (2004) 2149-2154
46. Sidney S., Petitti D.B., and Quesenberry Jr. C.P. Myocardial infarction and the use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 127 (1997) 501-508
47. Rosenberg L., Palmer J.R., and Shapiro S. A case-control study of myocardial infarction in relation to use of estrogen supplements. Am J Epidemiol 137 (1993) 54-63
48. Croft P., and Hannaford P.C. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. Br Med J 298 (1989) 165-168
49. Humphrey L.L., Chan B.K.S., and Sox H.C. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 137 (2002) 273-284
50. Cable G. Income, race, and preventable hospitalizations: a small area analysis in New Jersey. J Health Care Poor Underserved 13 (2002) 66-80
51. Bosma H., Schrijvers C., and Mackenbach J.P. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and importance of perceived control: cohort study. Br Med J 319 (1999) 1469-1470
52. Strandberg T.E., Ylikorkala O., and Tikkanen M.J. Differing effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 92 (2003) 212-214
53. Menon D.V., and Vongpatanasin W. Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors. Treat Endocrinol 5 (2006) 37-51
54. Varas-Lorenzo C., Garcìa-Rodrìguez L.A., Perez-Gutthann S., and Duque-Oliart A. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a population-based nested case-control study. Circulation 101 (2000) 2572-2578
55. De Vries C.S., Bromley S.E., and Farmer R.D.T. Myocardial infarction risk and hormone replacement: differences between products. Maturitas 53 (2006) 343-350
56. Parazzini F., La Vecchia C., Negri E., and Tozzi L. Determinants of hysterectomy and oophorectomy in Northern Italy. Rev Epidemiol Sante 41 (1993) 480-486
57. Pansini F., Bacchi Modena A.B., de Aloysio D., et al. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with HRT use in women attending menopause clinics in Italy. Climacteric 3 (2000) 241-247
58. Chiaffarino F., Parazzini F., Decarli A., et al. Hysterectomy with or without unilateral oophorectomy and risk of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 97 (2005) 318-322
59. Grady D., Herrington D., Bittner V., et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study follow-up (HERS II). J Am Med Assoc 288 (2002) 49-57
60. Prentice R.L., Langer R.D., Stefanick M.L., et al. Combined analysis of Women's Health Initiative observational and clinical trial data on postmenopausal hormone treatment and cardiovascular disease. Am J Epidemiol 163 (2006) 589-599