Key health and welfare indicators for broiler production

World's Poultry Science Journal

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 46-62

  Manning, L ^a   Chadd, S A ^a   Baines, R N ^a  

^a ROYAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bird health; Broiler; Water consumption; Welfare indicators

Indexed keywords

AVES;

EID: 34249881315     PISSN: 00439339     EISSN: 17434777     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/WPS2005126     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. ACP (2006) Assured Chicken Production Standards 2005-2006. ACP.
2. ALGERS, B. and BERG, C. (2001) Monitoring Animal Welfare on Commercial Broiler Farms in Sweden. Acta Agricultures Scandinavica, Section A. Animal Science Supplementum 39:80-92.
3. ALGERS, B. and SVENBERG, J. (1989) Effects of atmospheric ammonia and litter status on broiler health. Proceedings 3rd European Symposium On Poultry Welfare, Tours, p237-241.
4. ANDERSON, A. and MCADAM R. (2004) A critique of benchmarking and performance measurement. Benchmarking: An International Journal Vol. 11 No. 5, 2004, pp. 465-483.
5. BARNES, D.M., KIRBY, Y.K. and OLIVER, K.G. (2001) Effects of biogenic amines on growth and the incidence of proventicular lesions in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 80: 906-911.
6. BARNES, E.M., IMPEY, C.S. and COOPER, D.M. (1980) Manipulation of the crop and intestinal flora of the newly hatched chick. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33: 2426-2433.
7. BARTON, T.L., HILEMAN, L.H. and NELSON, T.S. (1986) A survey of water quality on Arkansas broiler farms and its effect on performance. Pages 1-33, In: Proceedings of the 21st Meeting on Poultry Health and Condemnations, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.
8. BERG, C.C. (1998) Foot-Pad dermatitis in broilers and turkeys - prevalence, risk factors and prevention. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Veterinaria 36, SLU, Skara, Sweden ISBN 91-576-5442-5.
9. BORGES, S.A., FISCHER DA SILVA., A.V., MAIORKA, A., HOOGE, D.M. and CUMMINGS, K.R. (2004) Effects of diet and cuclic heat stress on electrolyte, nitrogen and water intake, excretion by colostomised male broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 3 (5): 313-321.
10. BRANTON, S.L., LOTT, B.D., DEATON J.W., MASLIN W.R., HUSTIN F.W., POTE L.M., KEIRS R.W., LATOUR M.A. and DAY, E.J. (1997) The effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fibre on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 76: 23-78.
11. BROADBENT, L. and PATTISON, M. (2003) Winter Ventilation - Minimum Ventilation for Good Air Quality. Poultry World, November 2003.
12. BROOME, D.M. (1996) Animal welfare defined in terms of attempts to cope with the environment. ACTA Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science Supplement 27: 22-28.
13. BUTCHER, G.D., JACOB, J.P. and MATHER, F.B. (1999) Common Poultry Diseases. Fact Sheet PS-47 University of Florida May 1999.
14. BUTCHER, G.G., NILIPOUR, A.H. and MILES, R.D. (2002) Feed Passage in Broilers - A Complex Problem VM123, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002. Accessible at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
15. CARRE, B., GOMEZ J. and CHAGNEAU A.M. (1995) Contribution of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide digestion, and excreta losses of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids to dietary metabolisable energy values in broiler chickens and adult cockerels. British Poultry Science 36: 611-629.
16. CASEWELL, M., FRIIS, C., MARCO, E., MCMULLIN, P. and PHILIPS, I. (2003) The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52: 159-161.
17. CHOCT, M. and KOCHER, A. (2006) Non-starch carbohydrates: Digestion and its secondary effects to monogastrics. http://www-personal.une. edu.au/~mchoct/Nutsoc%20paper.pdf# search ='non% 20starch%20polysaccharides%20poultry'.
18. COBB (1995) Cobb 500 management manual 1995 revision.
19. CORNELISON, J.M., HANCOCK, A.G., WILLIAMS, A.G., DAVIS, L.B., ALLEN, N.L. and WATKINS, S.E. (2005) Evaluation of nipple drinkers and the Lott system for determining appropriate water flow for broilers. Avian Advice University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Vol 7 no 3 pp 001 - 004.
20. COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 70/524/EEC (1970) 23rd November 1970 concerning additives in feedstuffs. Accessible at www.europa.eu.int.
21. CRRP (2005) Cooperative Regional Research Project W-195 water quality issues in poultry production and processing. Oct 2000 - Sept 2005. USA.
22. DAWKINS, M.S., DONNELLY, C.A. and JONES, T.A. (2004) Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature 427: 342-344.
23. DAWKINS, M. (1983) Battery hens name their price; consumer demand theory and the measurement of ethological "needs", Animal Behaviour 31: 1195-1205.
24. DEFRA (2002) Meat Chickens and Breeding Chickens. Code of recommendations for the welfare of livestock, PB7275.
25. DUNCAN, I.J.H. (1996) Animal welfare defined in terms of feelings. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science Supplementum 27: 29-35.
26. DWI (2006) Drinking Water Inspectorate Drinking Water Annual Report Accessible at www.dwi.gov.uk/pubs/annrep05/contents.shtm.
27. EFRAC (2003) House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee report Poultry Farming in the United Kingdom, Thirteenth Report of Session 2002-03.
28. EKSTRAND, C. (1993) Effects of stocking density on the Health, Behaviour and Productivity of Broilers, Swedish Facility of Agricultural Science Report 32, Skara 1993.
29. EU (2005) Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production Brussels, 30.05.2005 COM(2005) 221 final 2005/0099 Accessible at http://europa.eu.int/ comm/food/animal/welfare/farm/proposal_EN.pdf.
30. FAIRCHILD, B.D. and RITZ, C.W. (2006) Poultry Drinking Water Primer Accessible at http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B1301.htm.
31. FICKEN, M.D. and WAGES, D.P. (1997) Necrotic enteritis. Diseases of Poultry, 10th ed. B.W Calnek, ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Pp 261-264.
32. GEORGE, B.A., QUARLES, C.L. and FAGERBERG, D.J. (1982) Virginiamycin effects on controlling necrotic enteritis infection in chickens. Poultry Science 61: 224-227.
33. GEORGIA (2001) Water Usage and Broiler Performance. The University of Georgia - Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science. April 2001 Vol 13. No 5.
34. GOAN, H.C., BURCHAM, P.H., DENTON, P.H. and DRAUGHON, F.A. (1992) Quality of well water on Tennessee poultry farms. Poultry Science 71: 103.
35. GRANDIN (2005) www.grandin.com/poultry.audit.html.
36. GREENE, J.A., MCCRACKEN, R.M. and EVANS, R.T. (1985) A contact dermatitis of broilers - clinical and pathological findings. Avion Pathology 14: 23-38.
37. HARMES, R.H., DAMRON, B.L. and SIMPSON, C.F. (1977) Effect of wet litter and supplemental biotin and/or whey on the production of foot pad dermatitis in broilers. Poultry Science 56: 291-296.
38. HEIER, B.T., HOGASEN, H.R. and JARP, J. (2002) Factors associated with mortality in Norwegian broiler flocks. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 53: 147-158.
39. IPPC BREF (2003) source http://eippcb.jrc.es/- Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs (June 2003) including (Pierson 1999) "Guidance on the control of energy on poultry units" (Source BREF FEFANA (2001).
40. JAFARI, R.A., FAZLARA, A. and GOVAHI, M. (2006) An investigation into Salmonella and faecal coliform contamination of drinking water in broiler farms in Iran. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(5): 491-493.
41. JAMES, JR. E.C. and WHEELER, R.S. (1949) Relation of dietary protein content to water intake, water elimination and amount of cloacal excreta produced by growing chickens. Poultry Science 28: 465-467.
42. JORDAN, F.T.W., PATTISON, M., ET AL. (1996) Poultry Diseases, 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company Ltd. London.
43. KALDHUSDAL, M. (2003) Maintaining gut health in meat-type poultry without antibacterial growth promoters and ionophores. In: Proceedings 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, August 10-14, Liliehammer, Norway, pp. 151-157.
44. KAPPERUD, G., SKJERVE, E., VIK, L., HAUGE, K., LYSAKER, A., AALMEN, I., OSTROFF, S.M. and POTTER, M. (1993) Epidemiological investigation of risk factors for Campylobacter colonization of Norwegian broiler flocks. Epidemiology and Infection 111: 245-255.
45. KEIRS, R.W. and BENNETT, L. (1993) Broiler performance loss associated with biogenic amines. In: Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, pp. 31-41.
46. KESTIN, S.C., SU, G. and SØRENSEN, P. (1992) Different commercial broiler crosses have different susceptibilities to leg weakness. Poultry Science 78: 1085-1090.
47. LE MÉNEC, M. (1987) La maitrise de l'ambiance dans les bâtiments d'élevages avicoles. Bull. Inf. Stn Exp. Avicult. Ploufragan, 27, 3-36.
48. LOTT, B.D., DOZIER, W.A., SIMMONS, J.D. and ROUSH, W.B. (2003) Water flow rates in commercial broiler houses. Poultry Science 82(Suppl. 1): 102.
49. MANNING, L., BAINES, R.N. and CHADD, S.A. (2006) Key performance indicators for food safety in broiler production. British Food Journal 108(8): 605-621.
50. MARKS, H.L. (1987) Water and feed intake, feed efficiency, and abdominal fat levels of dwarf and normal chickens selected under different water:feed ratio environments. Poultry Science 66:1895.
51. MARKS, H.L. and PESTI, G.M. (1984) The roles of protein level and diet form in water consumption and abdominal fat pad deposition of broilers. Poultry Science 63:1617-1625.
52. MARTLAND, M.F. (1985) Ulcerative dermatitis in broiler chickens: the effect of wet litter. Avion Pathology 14: 353-364.
53. MATEOS, G.G., LAZARO, R. and GRACIA, M.I. (2002) The feasibility of using nutritional modifications to replace drugs in poultry feeds. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11: 437-452.
54. MAY, J.D., LOTI, B.D. and SIMMONS J.D. (1998) The effect of environmental temperature and body weight on growth rate and feed: gain of male broilers. Poultry Science 77:499-501.
55. MAY, J.D., LOTT, B.D. and SIMMONS, J.D. (2000) The effect of air velocity on broiler performance and feed and water consumption Poultry Science 79: 1396-1400.
56. MCILROY, S.G., GOODALL, E.A. and MCMURRAY, C.H. (1987) A contact dermatitis of broilers - epidemiological findings. Avion Pathology 16: 93-105.
57. MHS (2006) Meat and Hygiene Service Manual for Official Controls. Accessible at: www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/mhsmanualch1.pdf.
58. NAS (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, Ninth Revised Edition, 1994 Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1994 ISBN 0-309-04892-3.
59. PATTISON, M. (2002) Some clinical and pathological features of enteritis in broilers - observations on treatment in the UK. The Elanco Global Enteritis Symposium July 9-11 2002.
60. PB1739 (2006) Poultry Litter Management Defra. Accessible at http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/ welfare /farmed/meatchks/pb1739/LITTE003.htm.
61. PETTERSSON, D. and AMAN, P. (1989) Enzyme supplementation of a poultry diet containing rye and wheat. British Journal of Nutrition 62: 139-149.
62. PHILIPS, I., CASEWELL, M., COX, T., DE GROOT, B., FRIIS, C., JONES, R., NIGHTINGALE, C., PRESTON, R. and WADDELL, J. (2004) Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 53: 28-32.
63. POPPE, C., IRWIN, R.J., MESSIER, S., FINLEY, G.G. and OGGEL, J. (1991) The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial broiler chicken flocks. Epidemiology and Infection 107: 201-211.
64. PRICE, L.B., JOHNSON, E., VAILES, R. and SILBERGELD, E. (2005) Fluoroquinolone- resistant Campylobacter isolates from conventional and antibiotic-free chicken products. Environmental Health Perspectives 113: 557-560.
65. PUPPE, B. (1996) Social dominance and rank relationships in domestic pigs; a critical review. Berliner und Münchener Tieraztliche Wochenschrift 109 (11-12): 457-64.
66. REBEL, J.M.J., BALK, F.R.M., POST, J., VAN HEMERT, S., ZEKARIAS, B. and STOCKHOFFE, N. (2006) Malabsorption syndrome in broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal 62(1): 17-23.
67. REECE, F.N., LOTT, B.D. and DEATON, J.W. (1980) Ammonia in the atmosphere during brooding affects performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 59: 486-488.
68. ROSEN, G.D. (1995) Antibacterials in poultry and pig nutrition. In: Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding. Ed Wallace R.J. and Chesson, A. (1995).
69. ROSS (1999) Ross Broiler Management Manual. Ross Breeders, November 1999.
70. RSPCA (2002) Behind Closed doors - the truth about chickens bred for meat. Z3053.
71. RUSHEN, J. and DE PASSILLE, A.M. (1992) The scientific assessment of the impact of housing on animal welfare, A critical review. Canadian Journal Animal Science 72: 721-743.
72. SCAHAW (2000) European Commission - Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Welfare 2000. The Welfare of Chickens Kept for Meat Production (Broilers) European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Adopted 21 March 2000.
73. SCHALLER, D. (1998) Necrotic enteritis in poultry production - the Norwegian experience. Proceedings of European Poultry Symposium, Bayer AG, Cascais, Portugal, pp. 37-42.
74. SINGLETON, R. (2004) Hot weather broiler and breeder management. Asian Poultry Magazine, September 2002, pp 26-29.
75. STUZ, M.W. and LAWTON, G.C. (1984) Effects of diet and antimicrobials on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal Clostridium perfringens, and ideal weight of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 63: 2036-2042.
76. VALENTINE, H. (1964) A study on the effect of different ventilation rates in the ammonia concentration in the atmosphere of broiler houses. British Poultry Science 5: 149-159.
77. VAN DER SLUIS, W. (2000) Clostridial enteritis is an often underestimated problem. World Poultry 16(7): 42-43.
78. VIEIRA, S.L. and LIMA, I.L. (2005) Live performance, water intake and excreta characteristics of broilers fed all vegetable diets based on corn and soybean meal. International Journal of Poultry Science 4(6): 365-368.
79. VON WACHELFELT, E. (1989) Climate, environment and litter in a broiler house. Land and Water Use, p 1423-1427.
80. WATKINS, S.E. (2006) Water quality and sanitation. Poultry Digest Online Vol 3 No 12. The paper was presented at the 2003 U.S Poultry & Egg Association Poultry Production and Health Seminar. Accessible at www.wattnet.com/library/SownLoad/PD12waterq.pdf.
81. WATHES, C.M. (1998) Aerial emissions from poultry production. World's Poultry Science Journal 54: 241-251.
82. WIERUP, M. (2001) The Swedish experience of the 1986 ban of antibiotic growth promoters, with specific reference to animal health, disease prevention, productivity, and usage of antimicrobials. Microbial Drug Resistance 7: 183-190.
83. ZIMMERMAN, N.G., DHILLON, A.S., BARTON, T.L. and ANDREWS, L.D. (1993) Relationship of drinking water quality and broiler performance in Washington State. Poultry Science 72: 1.
84. ZIMMERMAN, N.G. and DOUGLASS, L. (1998) A survey of drinking water quality and its effect on broiler growth performance on Delmarva. Poultry Science 77(Supplement 1): 121.