메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1988-2003

Spontaneous brain microbleeds: Systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Intracerebral haemorrhage; Magnetic resonance imaging; Microbleeds; Stroke

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT;

EID: 34249802129     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl387     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (600)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0027514354 scopus 로고
    • Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment
    • Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24: 35-41.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 35-41
    • Adams Jr, H.P.1    Bendixen, B.H.2    Kappelle, L.J.3    Biller, J.4    Love, B.B.5    Gordon, D.L.6
  • 2
    • 29444454617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of microhemorrhages and acute spontaneous brain hemorrhage: Correlation with signs of microangiopathy and clinical data
    • Alemany M, Stenborg A, Terent A, Sonninen P, Raininko R. Coexistence of microhemorrhages and acute spontaneous brain hemorrhage: correlation with signs of microangiopathy and clinical data. Radiology 2006; 238: 240-7.
    • (2006) Radiology , vol.238 , pp. 240-247
    • Alemany, M.1    Stenborg, A.2    Terent, A.3    Sonninen, P.4    Raininko, R.5
  • 3
    • 0023812666 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hemorrhage: Gradient-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Comparison with spin-echo imaging and clinical applications
    • Atlas SW, Mark AS, Grossman RI, Gomori JM. Intracranial hemorrhage: gradient-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Comparison with spin-echo imaging and clinical applications. Radiology 1988; 168: 803-7.
    • (1988) Radiology , vol.168 , pp. 803-807
    • Atlas, S.W.1    Mark, A.S.2    Grossman, R.I.3    Gomori, J.M.4
  • 4
    • 0037417585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative
    • Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Br Med J 2003; 326: 41-4.
    • (2003) Br Med J , vol.326 , pp. 41-44
    • Bossuyt, P.M.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Bruns, D.E.3    Gatsonis, C.A.4    Glasziou, P.P.5    Irwig, L.M.6
  • 5
    • 33645062709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microhemorrhages predict new disabling or fatal strokes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • Boulanger JM, Coutts SB, Eliasziw M, Gagnon AJ, Simon JE, Subramaniam S, et al. Cerebral microhemorrhages predict new disabling or fatal strokes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2006; 37: 911-4.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 911-914
    • Boulanger, J.M.1    Coutts, S.B.2    Eliasziw, M.3    Gagnon, A.J.4    Simon, J.E.5    Subramaniam, S.6
  • 6
    • 85039779262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bryant T. Confidence Interval Analysis. (2.0.0 Build 41). Bristol: BMJ Books, 2000.
    • Bryant T. Confidence Interval Analysis. (2.0.0 Build 41). Bristol: BMJ Books, 2000.
  • 7
    • 0029807954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifocal hypointense cerebral lesions on gradient-echo MR are associated with chronic hypertension
    • Chan S, Kartha K, Yoon SS, Desmond DW, Hilal SK. Multifocal hypointense cerebral lesions on gradient-echo MR are associated with chronic hypertension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17: 1821-7.
    • (1996) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.17 , pp. 1821-1827
    • Chan, S.1    Kartha, K.2    Yoon, S.S.3    Desmond, D.W.4    Hilal, S.K.5
  • 10
    • 0036144164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds in CADASIL: A gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy study
    • Dichgans M, Holtmannspotter M, Herzog J, Peters N, Bergmann M, Yousry TA. Cerebral microbleeds in CADASIL: a gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy study. Stroke 2002; 33: 67-71.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 67-71
    • Dichgans, M.1    Holtmannspotter, M.2    Herzog, J.3    Peters, N.4    Bergmann, M.5    Yousry, T.A.6
  • 11
    • 2542493279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds and white matter changes in patients hospitalized with lacunar infarcts
    • Fan YH, Mok VCT, Lam WWM, Hui ACF, Wong KS. Cerebral microbleeds and white matter changes in patients hospitalized with lacunar infarcts. J Neurol 2004; 251: 537-41.
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , pp. 537-541
    • Fan, Y.H.1    Mok, V.C.T.2    Lam, W.W.M.3    Hui, A.C.F.4    Wong, K.S.5
  • 12
    • 0141530969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds as a risk factor for subsequent intracerebral hemorrhages among patients with acute ischemic stroke
    • Fan YH, Zhang L, Lam WWM, Mok VCT, Wong KS. Cerebral microbleeds as a risk factor for subsequent intracerebral hemorrhages among patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003; 34: 2459-62.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2459-2462
    • Fan, Y.H.1    Zhang, L.2    Lam, W.W.M.3    Mok, V.C.T.4    Wong, K.S.5
  • 15
    • 33746598306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds: Old leaks and new haemorrhages
    • Fiehler J. Cerebral microbleeds: old leaks and new haemorrhages. Int J Stroke 2006; 1: 122-130.
    • (2006) Int J Stroke , vol.1 , pp. 122-130
    • Fiehler, J.1
  • 16
    • 2542604758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhage burden predicts recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage after lobar hemorrhage
    • Greenberg SM, Eng JA, Ning M, Smith EE, Rosand J. Hemorrhage burden predicts recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage after lobar hemorrhage. Stroke 2004; 35: 1415-20.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1415-1420
    • Greenberg, S.M.1    Eng, J.A.2    Ning, M.3    Smith, E.E.4    Rosand, J.5
  • 17
    • 0030011020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petechial hemorrhages accompanying lobar hemorrhage: Detection by gradient-echo MRI
    • Greenberg SM, Finklestein SP, Schaefer PW. Petechial hemorrhages accompanying lobar hemorrhage: detection by gradient-echo MRI. Neurology 1996; 46: 1751-4.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1751-1754
    • Greenberg, S.M.1    Finklestein, S.P.2    Schaefer, P.W.3
  • 18
    • 0033595486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI detection of new hemorrhages: Potential marker of progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
    • Greenberg SM, O'Donnell HC, Schaefer PW, Kraft E. MRI detection of new hemorrhages: potential marker of progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurology 1999; 53: 1135-8.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1135-1138
    • Greenberg, S.M.1    O'Donnell, H.C.2    Schaefer, P.W.3    Kraft, E.4
  • 19
    • 0037132876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias and causal associations in observational research
    • Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet 2002; 359: 248-52.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 248-252
    • Grimes, D.A.1    Schulz, K.F.2
  • 20
    • 17144398838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compared to what? Finding controls for casecontrol studies
    • Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Compared to what? Finding controls for casecontrol studies. Lancet 2005; 365: 1429-33.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Grimes, D.A.1    Schulz, K.F.2
  • 23
    • 4143100326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Link between linear hyperintensity objects in cerebral white matter and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Hiroki M, Miyashita K, Oe H, Takaya S, Hirai S, Fukuyama H. Link between linear hyperintensity objects in cerebral white matter and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 18: 166-73.
    • (2004) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.18 , pp. 166-173
    • Hiroki, M.1    Miyashita, K.2    Oe, H.3    Takaya, S.4    Hirai, S.5    Fukuyama, H.6
  • 24
    • 12844272119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarct
    • Hjort N, Butcher K, Davis SM, Kidwell CS, Koroshetz WJ, Rother J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarct. Stroke 2005; 36: 388-97.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 388-397
    • Hjort, N.1    Butcher, K.2    Davis, S.M.3    Kidwell, C.S.4    Koroshetz, W.J.5    Rother, J.6
  • 25
    • 0037346512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of dot-like hemosiderin spots using brain dock system]. No Shinkei Geka
    • Horita Y, Imaizumi T, Niwa J, Yoshikawa J, Miyata K, Makabe T, et al. [Analysis of dot-like hemosiderin spots using brain dock system]. No Shinkei Geka Neurol Surg 2003; 31: 263-7.
    • (2003) Neurol Surg , vol.31 , pp. 263-267
    • Horita, Y.1    Imaizumi, T.2    Niwa, J.3    Yoshikawa, J.4    Miyata, K.5    Makabe, T.6
  • 26
    • 0034843926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage for the patient with lacunar infarction: Investigation of 5 cases associated with both of symptomatic hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes]. No to Shinkei
    • Imaizumi T, Honma T, Chiba M, Niwa J, Miyazaki Y. [Risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage for the patient with lacunar infarction: investigation of 5 cases associated with both of symptomatic hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes]. No to Shinkei Brain Nerve 2001; 53: 737-41.
    • (2001) Brain Nerve , vol.53 , pp. 737-741
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Honma, T.2    Chiba, M.3    Niwa, J.4    Miyazaki, Y.5
  • 27
    • 15244350152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dotlike hemosiderin spots are associated with past hemorrhagic strokes in patients with lacunar infarcts
    • Imaizumi T, Honma T, Horita Y, Iihoshi S, Nomura T, Yoshifuji K, et al. Dotlike hemosiderin spots are associated with past hemorrhagic strokes in patients with lacunar infarcts. J Neuroimaging 2005; 15: 157-63.
    • (2005) J Neuroimaging , vol.15 , pp. 157-163
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Honma, T.2    Horita, Y.3    Iihoshi, S.4    Nomura, T.5    Yoshifuji, K.6
  • 28
    • 2942669947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with past history of small vessel disease in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
    • 2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with past history of small vessel disease in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroimaging 2004a; 14: 251-7.
    • (2004) J Neuroimaging , vol.14 , pp. 251-257
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Horita, Y.2    Chiba, M.3    Hashimoto, Y.4    Honma, T.5    Niwa, J.6
  • 29
    • 16544374117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of stroke recurrence: A prospective study
    • 2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of stroke recurrence: a prospective study. J Neurosurg 2004b; 101: 915-20.
    • (2004) J Neurosurg , vol.101 , pp. 915-920
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Horita, Y.2    Hashimoto, Y.3    Niwa, J.4
  • 31
    • 3242767800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds: Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study
    • Jeerakathil T, Wolf PA, Beiser A, Hald JK, Au R, Kase CS, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study. Stroke 2004; 35: 1831-5.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1831-1835
    • Jeerakathil, T.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Beiser, A.3    Hald, J.K.4    Au, R.5    Kase, C.S.6
  • 33
    • 2942532906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and radiologic differences between primary intracerebral hemorrhage with and without microbleeds on gradient-echo magnetic resonance images
    • Jeong S-W, Jung K-H, Chu K, Bae H-J, Lee S-H, Roh J-K. Clinical and radiologic differences between primary intracerebral hemorrhage with and without microbleeds on gradient-echo magnetic resonance images. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 905-9.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 905-909
    • Jeong, S.-W.1    Jung, K.-H.2    Chu, K.3    Bae, H.-J.4    Lee, S.-H.5    Roh, J.-K.6
  • 34
  • 35
    • 24644450124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH-Suburban Stroke Center Investigators. MRI screening before standard tissue plasminogen activator therapy is feasible and safe
    • Kang D-W, Chalela JA, Dunn W, Warach S. NIH-Suburban Stroke Center Investigators. MRI screening before standard tissue plasminogen activator therapy is feasible and safe. Stroke 2005; 36: 1939-43.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1939-1943
    • Kang, D.-W.1    Chalela, J.A.2    Dunn, W.3    Warach, S.4
  • 38
    • 18244379632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: An emerging application
    • Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke 2002; 33: 95-8.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 95-98
    • Kidwell, C.S.1    Saver, J.L.2    Villablanca, J.P.3    Duckwiler, G.4    Fredieu, A.5    Gough, K.6
  • 40
    • 0036192031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of hemorrhagic vs ischemic stroke: A need for the consideration of the extent of leukoariosis
    • Kim D-E, Bae H-J, Lee S-H, Kim H, Yoon B-W, Roh J-K. Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of hemorrhagic vs ischemic stroke: a need for the consideration of the extent of leukoariosis. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 425-9.
    • (2002) Arch Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 425-429
    • Kim, D.-E.1    Bae, H.-J.2    Lee, S.-H.3    Kim, H.4    Yoon, B.-W.5    Roh, J.-K.6
  • 41
    • 27644439092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE epsilon2/epsilon4 polymorphism and cerebral microbleeds on gradient-echo MRI
    • Kim M, Bae HJ, Lee J, Kang L, Lee S, Kim S, et al. APOE epsilon2/epsilon4 polymorphism and cerebral microbleeds on gradient-echo MRI. Neurology 2005; 65: 1474-5.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1474-1475
    • Kim, M.1    Bae, H.J.2    Lee, J.3    Kang, L.4    Lee, S.5    Kim, S.6
  • 43
    • 33644909914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: Prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications
    • Koennecke HC. Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications. Neurology 2006; 66: 165-71.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 165-171
    • Koennecke, H.C.1
  • 44
    • 0031713489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent intracerebral microhemorrhages in patients with ischemic stroke. Amsterdam Vascular Medicine Group
    • Kwa VI, Franke CL, Verbeeten B Jr, Stam J. Silent intracerebral microhemorrhages in patients with ischemic stroke. Amsterdam Vascular Medicine Group. Ann Neurol 1998; 44: 372-7.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 372-377
    • Kwa, V.I.1    Franke, C.L.2    Verbeeten Jr, B.3    Stam, J.4
  • 45
    • 0036905152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: Analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions
    • Lee S-H, Bae H-J, Yoon B-W, Kim H, Kim D-E, Roh J-K. Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions. Stroke 2002; 33: 2845-9.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2845-2849
    • Lee, S.-H.1    Bae, H.-J.2    Yoon, B.-W.3    Kim, H.4    Kim, D.-E.5    Roh, J.-K.6
  • 46
    • 33646179811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent microbleeds are associated with volume of primary intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Lee S-H, Kim BJ, Roh J-K. Silent microbleeds are associated with volume of primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2006; 66: 430-2.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 430-432
    • Lee, S.-H.1    Kim, B.J.2    Roh, J.-K.3
  • 47
    • 8744293517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds in patients with hypertensive stroke. Topographical distribution in the supratentorial area
    • Lee S-H, Kwon S-J, Kim KS, Yoon B-W, Roh J-K. Cerebral microbleeds in patients with hypertensive stroke. Topographical distribution in the supratentorial area. J Neurol 2004a; 251: 1183-9.
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , pp. 1183-1189
    • Lee, S.-H.1    Kwon, S.-J.2    Kim, K.S.3    Yoon, B.-W.4    Roh, J.-K.5
  • 49
    • 1542721774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of the spatial distribution and severity of cerebral microbleeds and old lacunes
    • Lee SH, Bae HJ, Ko SB, Kim H, Yoon BW, Roh JK. Comparative analysis of the spatial distribution and severity of cerebral microbleeds and old lacunes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2004c; 75: 423-7.
    • (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.75 , pp. 423-427
    • Lee, S.H.1    Bae, H.J.2    Ko, S.B.3    Kim, H.4    Yoon, B.W.5    Roh, J.K.6
  • 50
    • 0347092042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds are regionally associated with intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Lee SH, Bae HJ, Kwon SJ, Kim H, Kim YH, Yoon BW, et al. Cerebral microbleeds are regionally associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2004d; 62: 72-6.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 72-76
    • Lee, S.H.1    Bae, H.J.2    Kwon, S.J.3    Kim, H.4    Kim, Y.H.5    Yoon, B.W.6
  • 51
    • 3242696859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with cerebral microbleeds in hypertensive patients
    • Lee SH, Park JM, Kwon SJ, Kim H, Kim YH, Roh JK, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with cerebral microbleeds in hypertensive patients. Neurology 2004e; 63: 16-21.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 16-21
    • Lee, S.H.1    Park, J.M.2    Kwon, S.J.3    Kim, H.4    Kim, Y.H.5    Roh, J.K.6
  • 53
    • 33746594152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinations of the presence or absence of cerebral microbleeds and advanced white matter hyperintensity as predictors of subsequent stroke types
    • Naka H, Nomura E, Takahashi T, Wakabayashi S, Mimori Y, Kajikawa H, et al. Combinations of the presence or absence of cerebral microbleeds and advanced white matter hyperintensity as predictors of subsequent stroke types. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27: 830-5.
    • (2006) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.27 , pp. 830-835
    • Naka, H.1    Nomura, E.2    Takahashi, T.3    Wakabayashi, S.4    Mimori, Y.5    Kajikawa, H.6
  • 57
    • 33746675499 scopus 로고
    • Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III
    • NINDS
    • NINDS. Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke 1990; 21: 637-76.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 637-676
  • 59
    • 0033373408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications of cerebral micro-hemorrhage in MRI. Comparative histological findings and possible clinical significance]
    • Roob G, Kleinert R, Seifert T, Lechner A, Kapeller P, Kleinert G, et al. [Indications of cerebral micro-hemorrhage in MRI. Comparative histological findings and possible clinical significance]. Nervenarzt 1999a; 70: 1082-7.
    • (1999) Nervenarzt , vol.70 , pp. 1082-1087
    • Roob, G.1    Kleinert, R.2    Seifert, T.3    Lechner, A.4    Kapeller, P.5    Kleinert, G.6
  • 60
    • 0033766844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Roob G, Lechner A, Schmidt R, Flooh E, Hartung HP, Fazekas F. Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2000; 31: 2665-9.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2665-2669
    • Roob, G.1    Lechner, A.2    Schmidt, R.3    Flooh, E.4    Hartung, H.P.5    Fazekas, F.6
  • 62
    • 0027339590 scopus 로고
    • A semiquantative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging
    • Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Leys D, Pruvo JP, Nauta JJ, Vermersch P, et al. A semiquantative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Sci 1993; 114: 7-12.
    • (1993) J Neurol Sci , vol.114 , pp. 7-12
    • Scheltens, P.1    Barkhof, F.2    Leys, D.3    Pruvo, J.P.4    Nauta, J.J.5    Vermersch, P.6
  • 63
    • 22144438946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of microhemorrhage on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging in acute lacunar infarction
    • Schonewille WJ, Singer MB, Atlas SW, Tuhrim S. The prevalence of microhemorrhage on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging in acute lacunar infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 14: 141-4.
    • (2005) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.14 , pp. 141-144
    • Schonewille, W.J.1    Singer, M.B.2    Atlas, S.W.3    Tuhrim, S.4
  • 64
    • 0037006383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control studies: Research in reverse
    • Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet 2002; 359: 431-4.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 431-434
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Grimes, D.A.2
  • 65
    • 0032776885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas
    • Tanaka A, Ueno Y, Nakayama Y, Takano K, Takebayashi S. Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Stroke 1999; 30: 1637-42.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1637-1642
    • Tanaka, A.1    Ueno, Y.2    Nakayama, Y.3    Takano, K.4    Takebayashi, S.5
  • 68
    • 0036939176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR detection of microhemorrhages in neurologically healthy adults
    • Tsushima Y, Tanizaki Y, Aoki J, Endo K. MR detection of microhemorrhages in neurologically healthy adults. Neuroradiol 2002; 44: 31-6.
    • (2002) Neuroradiol , vol.44 , pp. 31-36
    • Tsushima, Y.1    Tanizaki, Y.2    Aoki, J.3    Endo, K.4
  • 70
    • 0344584550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MR imaging findings at different ages - 3rd-6th decades
    • van den Boom R, Lesnik Oberstein SAJ, Ferrari MD, Haan J, van Buchem MA. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MR imaging findings at different ages - 3rd-6th decades. Radiology 2003; 229: 683-90.
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.229 , pp. 683-690
    • van den Boom, R.1    Lesnik Oberstein, S.A.J.2    Ferrari, M.D.3    Haan, J.4    van Buchem, M.A.5
  • 71
    • 33644865088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viswanathan A, Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006; 37: 550-5.
    • Viswanathan A, Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006; 37: 550-5.
  • 72
    • 33749262798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c are associated with microhaemorrhage in CADASIL: A two-centre cohort study
    • Viswanathan A, Guichard JP, Gschwendtner A, Buffon F, Cumurcuic R, Boutron C, et al. Blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c are associated with microhaemorrhage in CADASIL: a two-centre cohort study. Brain 2006; 129: 2375-83.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 2375-2383
    • Viswanathan, A.1    Guichard, J.P.2    Gschwendtner, A.3    Buffon, F.4    Cumurcuic, R.5    Boutron, C.6
  • 73
    • 0034986196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT
    • Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Bronge L, Augustin M, Sjogren M, et al. A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke 2001; 32: 1318-22.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1318-1322
    • Wahlund, L.O.1    Barkhof, F.2    Fazekas, F.3    Bronge, L.4    Augustin, M.5    Sjogren, M.6
  • 74
    • 2442644269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine use of gradient-echo MRI to screen for cerebral amyloid angiopathy in elderly patients
    • Walker DA, Broderick DF, Kotsenas AL, Rubino FA. Routine use of gradient-echo MRI to screen for cerebral amyloid angiopathy in elderly patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182: 1547-50.
    • (2004) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.182 , pp. 1547-1550
    • Walker, D.A.1    Broderick, D.F.2    Kotsenas, A.L.3    Rubino, F.A.4
  • 77
    • 2942700307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of QUADAS: A tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews
    • Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003; 3: 25.
    • (2003) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.3 , pp. 25
    • Whiting, P.1    Rutjes, A.W.2    Reitsma, J.B.3    Bossuyt, P.M.4    Kleijnen, J.5
  • 78
    • 0037432043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic microbleeds as a risk factor for aspirin-associated intracerebral hemorrhages
    • Wong KS, Chan YL, Liu JY, Gao S, Lam WWM. Asymptomatic microbleeds as a risk factor for aspirin-associated intracerebral hemorrhages. Neurology 2003; 60: 511-3.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 511-513
    • Wong, K.S.1    Chan, Y.L.2    Liu, J.Y.3    Gao, S.4    Lam, W.W.M.5
  • 79
    • 0035129389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between stroke and asymptomatic minute hemorrhages in hypertensive patients
    • Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T, Okada Y, Unno Y, Tokumaru A, Tsushima Y, et al. Relationship between stroke and asymptomatic minute hemorrhages in hypertensive patients. Neurol Med Chir 2001; 41: 13-7.
    • (2001) Neurol Med Chir , vol.41 , pp. 13-17
    • Yanagawa, Y.1    Sakamoto, T.2    Okada, Y.3    Unno, Y.4    Tokumaru, A.5    Tsushima, Y.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.