메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 232-243

Cardiovascular impact of the autonomic neuropathy of diabetes mellitus;Impacto cardiovascular da neuropatia autonômica do diabetes mellitus

Author keywords

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords


EID: 34248575372     PISSN: 00042730     EISSN: 16779487     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302007000200012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0028852503 scopus 로고
    • Severe autonomic neuropathy how many symptoms?
    • Neumann C, Branchtein L, Schmid H. Severe autonomic neuropathy how many symptoms? Diabetes Care 1995;18(1):133-4.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-134
    • Neumann, C.1    Branchtein, L.2    Schmid, H.3
  • 2
    • 0032972792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous cardiac sympathetic denervation and decreased myocardial nerve growth factor in streptozotocin diabetic rats implications for cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation complicating diabetes
    • Schmid H, Forman L, Sherman P, Stevens M. Heterogeneous cardiac sympathetic denervation and decreased myocardial nerve growth factor in streptozotocin diabetic rats implications for cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation complicating diabetes. Diabetes 1999;48:603-8.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 603-608
    • Schmid, H.1    Forman, L.2    Sherman, P.3    Stevens, M.4
  • 3
    • 0029331191 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy and other complications of diabetes mellitus
    • Neumann C, Schmid H. Relationship between the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy and other complications of diabetes mellitus. Braz J Med Biol Res 1995;28:751-7.
    • (1995) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.28 , pp. 751-757
    • Neumann, C.1    Schmid, H.2
  • 4
    • 0031064670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of a computerized method for calculating autonomic function tests responses in healthy; subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Neumann C, Schmid H. Standardization of a computerized method for calculating autonomic function tests responses in healthy; subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997;30:197-205.
    • (1997) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.30 , pp. 197-205
    • Neumann, C.1    Schmid, H.2
  • 5
    • 10644247844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: Association with impaired myocardial blood flow reserve and diastolic dysfunction
    • Pop-Busui R, Kirkwood I, Schmid H, Marinescu V, Schroeder J, Larkin D, et al. Sympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: association with impaired myocardial blood flow reserve and diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44(12):2368-74.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , Issue.12 , pp. 2368-2374
    • Pop-Busui, R.1    Kirkwood, I.2    Schmid, H.3    Marinescu, V.4    Schroeder, J.5    Larkin, D.6
  • 6
    • 0028862825 scopus 로고
    • Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is related to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Schmid H, Schaan B, Cecconello F, Maestri T, Neumann C. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is related to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;29(3):163-8.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-168
    • Schmid, H.1    Schaan, B.2    Cecconello, F.3    Maestri, T.4    Neumann, C.5
  • 7
    • 0029123673 scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal oxygen desaturation in diabetic patients with severe autonomic neuropathy
    • Neumann C, Martinez D, Schmid H. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation in diabetic patients with severe autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;28(2):97-102.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-102
    • Neumann, C.1    Martinez, D.2    Schmid, H.3
  • 8
    • 0035217192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased renal GLUT 1 abundance and urinary TGFβ1 in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats implications for the development of nephropathy complicating diabetes
    • Schaan BD, Lacchini S, Bertoluci M, Irigoyen MC, Machado UF, Schmid H. Increased renal GLUT 1 abundance and urinary TGFβ1 in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats implications for the development of nephropathy complicating diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2001;33:664-9.
    • (2001) Horm Metab Res , vol.33 , pp. 664-669
    • Schaan, B.D.1    Lacchini, S.2    Bertoluci, M.3    Irigoyen, M.C.4    Machado, U.F.5    Schmid, H.6
  • 9
    • 0037470851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of renal denervation on renal content of GLUT1, albuminuria and urinary TGF-beta1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • D'Agord Schaan B, Lacchini S, Bertoluci MC, Irigoyen MC, Machado UF, Schmid H. Impact of renal denervation on renal content of GLUT1, albuminuria and urinary TGF-beta1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Auton Neurosci 2003;104(2):88-94.
    • (2003) Auton Neurosci , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 88-94
    • D'Agord Schaan, B.1    Lacchini, S.2    Bertoluci, M.C.3    Irigoyen, M.C.4    Machado, U.F.5    Schmid, H.6
  • 11
    • 11844302838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cardiovascular dysfunction and hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats
    • Schaan BD, Dall'Ago P, Maeda CY, Ferlin E, Fernandes TG, Schmid H, et al. Relationship between cardiovascular dysfunction and hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004;37(12):1895-902.
    • (2004) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1895-1902
    • Schaan, B.D.1    Dall'Ago, P.2    Maeda, C.Y.3    Ferlin, E.4    Fernandes, T.G.5    Schmid, H.6
  • 12
    • 9844223402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of changes in heart rate and blood pressure variability in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with insulin
    • Schaan BD, Maeda CY, Timm HB, Medeiros S, Moraes RS, Ferlin E, et al. Time course of changes in heart rate and blood pressure variability in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with insulin. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997;30(9):1081-6.
    • (1997) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 1081-1086
    • Schaan, B.D.1    Maeda, C.Y.2    Timm, H.B.3    Medeiros, S.4    Moraes, R.S.5    Ferlin, E.6
  • 13
    • 34248544691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferreira A. Uso da estesiometria e biotesiometria para o diagnóstico de polineuropatia periférica do diabete melito e do pé diabético em risco de ulceração neuropática. Dissertação (Pós- graduação em Medicina, Clínica Médica). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1997.
    • Ferreira A. Uso da estesiometria e biotesiometria para o diagnóstico de polineuropatia periférica do diabete melito e do pé diabético em risco de ulceração neuropática. Dissertação (Pós- graduação em Medicina, Clínica Médica). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1997.
  • 16
    • 2542500572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of the diabetic neuropathies
    • Gries FA, Cameron NE, Low PA, Ziegler D, Georg Thieme Verlag
    • Thomas PK. Classification of the diabetic neuropathies. In: Gries FA, Cameron NE, Low PA, Ziegler D. Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2003.
    • (2003) Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy
    • Thomas, P.K.1
  • 19
    • 0031752991 scopus 로고
    • Effects of autonomic neuropathy on counter-regulation and awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients
    • Meyer C, Grossmann R, Mitrakou A, Mahler R, Veneman T, Gerich J, et al. Effects of autonomic neuropathy on counter-regulation and awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1988;21:1960-6.
    • (1988) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1960-1966
    • Meyer, C.1    Grossmann, R.2    Mitrakou, A.3    Mahler, R.4    Veneman, T.5    Gerich, J.6
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • DCCT Research Group
    • DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 23
    • 11944272384 scopus 로고
    • Glycation products and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications
    • Brownlee M. Glycation products and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1835-43.
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , pp. 1835-1843
    • Brownlee, M.1
  • 24
    • 0032981514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death in diabetic neuropathy
    • Greene DA, Stevens MJ, Obrosova I, Feldman EL. Glucose-induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death in diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 1999;375(1-3):217-25.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.375 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 217-225
    • Greene, D.A.1    Stevens, M.J.2    Obrosova, I.3    Feldman, E.L.4
  • 25
    • 0022647638 scopus 로고
    • Fiber loss is primary and multifocal in sural nerves in diabetic polyneuropathy
    • Dyck PJ, Lais A, Karnes JL, O'Brien P, Rizza R. Fiber loss is primary and multifocal in sural nerves in diabetic polyneuropathy. Ann Neurol 1986;19(5):425-39.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 425-439
    • Dyck, P.J.1    Lais, A.2    Karnes, J.L.3    O'Brien, P.4    Rizza, R.5
  • 26
    • 0029020029 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology of diabetic neuropathy the combined roles of metabolic and vascular defects
    • Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, Greene DA. The aetiology of diabetic neuropathy the combined roles of metabolic and vascular defects. Diabet Med 1995;12(7):566-79.
    • (1995) Diabet Med , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 566-579
    • Stevens, M.J.1    Feldman, E.L.2    Greene, D.A.3
  • 27
    • 0035856980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications
    • Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001;414:813-20.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 813-820
    • Brownlee, M.1
  • 28
    • 0037327402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: A new understanding of an old problem
    • Feldman EL. Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: a new understanding of an old problem. J Clin Invest 2003;111:431-3.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 431-433
    • Feldman, E.L.1
  • 29
    • 0025328370 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous levels of growth factor are altered in experimental diabetes mellitus: A possible role of NGF on the pathogenesis of diabetes neuropathy
    • Hellweg R, Hartung HD. Endogenous levels of growth factor are altered in experimental diabetes mellitus: a possible role of NGF on the pathogenesis of diabetes neuropathy. J Neurosci Res 1990;26:258-67.
    • (1990) J Neurosci Res , vol.26 , pp. 258-267
    • Hellweg, R.1    Hartung, H.D.2
  • 30
    • 0028069048 scopus 로고
    • Effect of alpha-tocopherol deficiency on indices of oxidative stress in normal and diabetic peripheral nerve
    • Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD, Rohwer DA, Low PA. Effect of alpha-tocopherol deficiency on indices of oxidative stress in normal and diabetic peripheral nerve. J Neurol Sci 1994;126(1):6-14.
    • (1994) J Neurol Sci , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-14
    • Nickander, K.K.1    Schmelzer, J.D.2    Rohwer, D.A.3    Low, P.A.4
  • 32
    • 0015747854 scopus 로고
    • Vascular reflexes in diabetic autonomic neuropathy
    • Ewing DJ, Campbell IW, Burt AA, Clarke BF. Vascular reflexes in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Lancet 1973;2(7842):1354-6.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7842 , pp. 1354-1356
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Campbell, I.W.2    Burt, A.A.3    Clarke, B.F.4
  • 33
    • 0017665372 scopus 로고
    • Defective blood glucose counterregulation in diabetic is a selective form of autonomic neuropathy
    • Campbell LV, Kraegen EW, Lazarus L. Defective blood glucose counterregulation in diabetic is a selective form of autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J 1977;2:1527-9.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1527-1529
    • Campbell, L.V.1    Kraegen, E.W.2    Lazarus, L.3
  • 34
    • 0022573599 scopus 로고
    • Pupil cycle time: A simple way of measuring an autonomic reflex
    • Martyn CN, Ewing DJ. Pupil cycle time: a simple way of measuring an autonomic reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49(7):771-4.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , Issue.7 , pp. 771-774
    • Martyn, C.N.1    Ewing, D.J.2
  • 35
    • 0019431857 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate changes in diabetes mellitus
    • Ewing DJ, Campbell IW, Clarke BF. Heart rate changes in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1981;1(8213):183-6.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8213 , pp. 183-186
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Campbell, I.W.2    Clarke, B.F.3
  • 36
    • 0018945070 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
    • Ewing DJ, Campbell IW, Clarke BF. The natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Q J Med 1980;69:95-108.
    • (1980) Q J Med , vol.69 , pp. 95-108
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Campbell, I.W.2    Clarke, B.F.3
  • 37
    • 0018902404 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cardiovascular effects in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and prognostic implications
    • Ewing DJ, Campbell IW, Clarke BF. Assessment of cardiovascular effects in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and prognostic implications. Ann Int Med 1980;92:308-11.
    • (1980) Ann Int Med , vol.92 , pp. 308-311
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Campbell, I.W.2    Clarke, B.F.3
  • 38
    • 0031051063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular risk factors in insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Spallone V, Maiello MR, Cicconetti E, Menzinger G. Autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular risk factors in insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997;34(suppl. 3):169-79.
    • (1997) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 169-179
    • Spallone, V.1    Maiello, M.R.2    Cicconetti, E.3    Menzinger, G.4
  • 39
    • 0019390833 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: Comparison of measures of RR interval variation
    • Ewing DJ, Borsey DQ, Bellavere F, Clarke BF. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: comparison of measures of RR interval variation. Diabetologia 1981;21(1):18-24.
    • (1981) Diabetologia , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-24
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Borsey, D.Q.2    Bellavere, F.3    Clarke, B.F.4
  • 40
    • 0028951205 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathy profile of diabetic patients in a pancreas transplantation program
    • Kennedy WR, Navarro X, Sutherland DE. Neuropathy profile of diabetic patients in a pancreas transplantation program. Neurology 1995;45(4):773-80.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 773-780
    • Kennedy, W.R.1    Navarro, X.2    Sutherland, D.E.3
  • 41
    • 0026475975 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction assessed by spectral analysis, vector analysis, and standard tests of heart rate variation and blood pressure responses at various stages of diabetic neuropathy
    • Ziegler D, Dannehl K, Muhlen H, Spuler M, Gries FA. Prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction assessed by spectral analysis, vector analysis, and standard tests of heart rate variation and blood pressure responses at various stages of diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1992;9(9):806-14.
    • (1992) Diabet Med , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 806-814
    • Ziegler, D.1    Dannehl, K.2    Muhlen, H.3    Spuler, M.4    Gries, F.A.5
  • 42
    • 0028880909 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac studies with metaiodobenzylguanidine: A critique of methods and interpretation of results
    • Review
    • Glowniak JV. Cardiac studies with metaiodobenzylguanidine: a critique of methods and interpretation of results. J Nucl Med 1995;36(11):2133-7. Review.
    • (1995) J Nucl Med , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 2133-2137
    • Glowniak, J.V.1
  • 43
    • 0026801898 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive detection of cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction in diabetic patients using [123I] metaiodobenzylguanidine
    • Mantysaari M, Kuikka J, Mustonen J, Tahvanainen K, Vanninen E, Lansimies E, et al. Noninvasive detection of cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction in diabetic patients using [123I] metaiodobenzylguanidine. Diabetes 1992;41(9):1069-75.
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Mantysaari, M.1    Kuikka, J.2    Mustonen, J.3    Tahvanainen, K.4    Vanninen, E.5    Lansimies, E.6
  • 44
    • 0028950268 scopus 로고
    • Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in diabetes mellitus assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and its relation to autonomic dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia
    • Langer A, Freeman MR, Josse RG, Armstrong PW. Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in diabetes mellitus assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and its relation to autonomic dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:610-8.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 610-618
    • Langer, A.1    Freeman, M.R.2    Josse, R.G.3    Armstrong, P.W.4
  • 45
    • 0029799797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of autonomic neurotoxicity in occupational and environmental health as determined by ECG R-R interval variability: A review
    • Murata K, Araki S. Assessment of autonomic neurotoxicity in occupational and environmental health as determined by ECG R-R interval variability: a review. Am J Ind Med 1996;30(2):155-63.
    • (1996) Am J Ind Med , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-163
    • Murata, K.1    Araki, S.2
  • 46
    • 0029881311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: A comparative evaluation of 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability
    • Murata K, Sumida Y, Murashima S, Matsumura K, Takeda H, Nakagawa T, et al. A novel method for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparative evaluation of 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Diabet Med 1996;13(3):266-72.
    • (1996) Diabet Med , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 266-272
    • Murata, K.1    Sumida, Y.2    Murashima, S.3    Matsumura, K.4    Takeda, H.5    Nakagawa, T.6
  • 47
    • 0025024278 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of carbon-11-meta- hydroxyephedrine: A false transmitter agent for heart neuronal imaging
    • Rosenspire KC, Haka MS, Van Dort ME, Jewett DM, Gildersleeve DL, Schwaiger M, et al. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of carbon-11-meta- hydroxyephedrine: a false transmitter agent for heart neuronal imaging. J Nucl Med 1990;31(8):1328-34.
    • (1990) J Nucl Med , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 1328-1334
    • Rosenspire, K.C.1    Haka, M.S.2    Van Dort, M.E.3    Jewett, D.M.4    Gildersleeve, D.L.5    Schwaiger, M.6
  • 48
    • 0032497251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation in diabetes implications for enhanced cardiovascular risk
    • Stevens MJ, Raffel DM, Allman KC, Dayanikli F, Ficaro E, Sandford T, et al. Cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation in diabetes implications for enhanced cardiovascular risk. Circulation 1998;98:961-8.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 961-968
    • Stevens, M.J.1    Raffel, D.M.2    Allman, K.C.3    Dayanikli, F.4    Ficaro, E.5    Sandford, T.6
  • 49
    • 0032923832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation complicating diabetes: An assessment by C-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography
    • Stevens MJ, Raffel DM, Allman KC, Schwaiger M, Wieland DM. Regression of cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation complicating diabetes: an assessment by C-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography. Metabolism 1999;48:92-101.
    • (1999) Metabolism , vol.48 , pp. 92-101
    • Stevens, M.J.1    Raffel, D.M.2    Allman, K.C.3    Schwaiger, M.4    Wieland, D.M.5
  • 50
    • 0025908435 scopus 로고
    • The influence of autonomic neuropathy on mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes
    • O'Brien IA, McFadden JP, Corrall RJ. The influence of autonomic neuropathy on mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes. Q J Med 1991;79:495-502.
    • (1991) Q J Med , vol.79 , pp. 495-502
    • O'Brien, I.A.1    McFadden, J.P.2    Corrall, R.J.3
  • 52
    • 0018243368 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: A prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973
    • Pirart J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care 1978;1:168-88.
    • (1978) Diabetes Care , vol.1 , pp. 168-188
    • Pirart, J.1
  • 53
    • 0028357306 scopus 로고
    • The effect of 8 years of strict glycaemic control on peripheral nerve function in IDDM patients: The Oslo study
    • Amthor KF, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Berg TJ, Sandvik L, Hanssen KF. The effect of 8 years of strict glycaemic control on peripheral nerve function in IDDM patients: the Oslo study. Diabetologia 1994;37:579-86.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 579-586
    • Amthor, K.F.1    Dahl-Jorgensen, K.2    Berg, T.J.3    Sandvik, L.4    Hanssen, K.F.5
  • 54
    • 0029147687 scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes: A randomized prospective 6-year study
    • Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, Miyata T, Isami S, Motoyoshi S, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;28:103-17.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.28 , pp. 103-117
    • Ohkubo, Y.1    Kishikawa, H.2    Araki, E.3    Miyata, T.4    Isami, S.5    Motoyoshi, S.6
  • 55
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33, UK Prospective diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352(9131):837-53
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352(9131):837-53.
  • 57
    • 0033375334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and emerging treatments for the diabetic neuropathies
    • Boulton AJM. Current and emerging treatments for the diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Rev 1999;7:279-386.
    • (1999) Diabetes Rev , vol.7 , pp. 279-386
    • Boulton, A.J.M.1
  • 58
    • 0027492053 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with [gamma]-linolenic acid
    • γ-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group
    • γ-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with [gamma]-linolenic acid. Diabetes Care 1993;16:8-15.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 8-15
  • 59
    • 0031810195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lipoic acid-gamma linolenic acid conjugate is effective against multiple indices of experimental diabetic neuropathy
    • Hounsom L, Horrobin DF, Tritschler H, Corder R, Tomlinson DR. A lipoic acid-gamma linolenic acid conjugate is effective against multiple indices of experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1998;41:839-43.
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 839-843
    • Hounsom, L.1    Horrobin, D.F.2    Tritschler, H.3    Corder, R.4    Tomlinson, D.R.5
  • 60
    • 0036369587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: What went wrong, what went right, and what does the future hold?
    • Apfel SC. Nerve growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: what went wrong, what went right, and what does the future hold? Int Rev Neurobiol 2002;50:393-413.
    • (2002) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.50 , pp. 393-413
    • Apfel, S.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.