Failure to control an outbreak of qnrA1-positive multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae infection despite adequate implementation of recommended infection control measures

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1420-1425

  Paauw, Armand ^a,b   Verhoef, Jan ^a   Fluit, Ad C ^a   Blok, Hetty E M ^a   Hopmans, Titia E M ^a   Troelstra, Annet ^a   Leverstein van Hall, Maurine A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN; PROTEIN QNRA1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; ENTEROBACTER INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTIONS; GENOTYPE; HOSPITALS, UNIVERSITY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; NETHERLANDS;

ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE;

EID: 34248512130     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02242-06     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Arlet, G., M. Rouveau, I. Casin, P. J. Bouvet, P. H. Lagrange, and A. Philippen. 1994. Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that produce SHV-4 beta-lactamase and which were isolated in 14 French hospitals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2553-2558.
2. Armeanu, E., and M. J. M. Bonten. 2005. Control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: one size fits all? Clin. Infect. Dis. 41:210-216.
3. Barrett, T. J., H. Lior, J. H. Green, R. Khakhria, J. G. Wells, B. P. Bell, K. D. Greene, J. Lewis, and P. M. Griffin. 1994. Laboratory investigation of a multistate food-borne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157.H7 by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:3013-3017.
4. Bradford, P. A., S. Bratu, C. Urban, M. Visalli, N. Mariano, D. Landman, J. J. Rahal, S. Brooks, S. Cebular, and J. Quale. 2004. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella species possessing the class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing KPC-2 and inhibitor-resistant TEM-30 beta-lactamases in New York City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39:55-60.
5. Bratu, S., D. Landman, R. Haag, R. Recco, A. Eramo, M. Alam, and J. Quale. 2005. Rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in New York City: a new threat to our antibiotic armamentarium. Arch. Intern. Med. 165:1430-1435.
6. Canton, R., T. M. Coque, and F. Baquero. 2003. Multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: from epidemics to endemics. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 16: 315-325.
7. Canton, R., A. Oliver, T. M. Coque, M. del Carmen Varela, J. C. Perez-Diaz, and F. Baquero. 2002. Epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter isolates in a Spanish hospital during a 12-year period. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:1237-1243.
8. Cirz, R. T., J. K. Chin, D. R. Andes, V. de Crecy-Lagard, W. A. Craig, and F. E. Romesberg. 2005. Inhibition of mutation and combating the evolution of antibiotic resistance. PLoS Biol. 3:e176.
9. Duarte, A., F. Boavida, F. Grosso, M. Correia, L. M. Lito, J. Melo Cristino, and M. J. Salgado. 2003. Outbreak of GES-1 beta-lactamase- producing multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a university hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47:1481-1482.
10. Dubouix, A., C. Roques, C. Segonds, M. J. Jeannot, S. Malavaud, S. Daude, G. Chabanon, and N. Marty. 2005. Epidemiological investigation of a Serratia liquefaciens outbreak in a neurosurgery department. J. Hosp. Infect. 60:8-13.
11. Dutch Working Party on Infection Prevention. 2005. Maatregelen tegen overdracht van bijzondere-resistente micro-organsimen (BRMO). WIP guidelines. www.wip.nl/free_content/Richtlijnen/11BRMO.pdf.
12. Galdbart, J.-O., F. Lemann, D. Ainouz, P. Feron, N. Lambert-Zechovsky, and C. Branger. 2000. TEM-24 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter aerogenes: long-term clonal dissemination in French hospitals. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6:316-323.
13. Garner, J. S., and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 1996. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 17:53-80.
14. Giraud-Morin, C., and T. Fosse. 2003. A seven-year survey of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing TEM-24 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Nice University Hospital (1994-2000). J. Hosp. Infect. 54:25-31.
15. Hobson, R. P., F. M. MacKenzie, and I. M. Gould. 1996. An outbreak of multiply-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Grampian region of Scotland. J. Hosp. Infect. 33:249-262.
16. Hyle, E. P., A. D. Lipworth, T. E. Zaoutis, I. Nachamkin, W. B. Bilker, and E. Lautenbach. 2005. Impact of inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy on mortality in infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae: variability by site of infection. Arch. Intern. Med. 165: 1375-1380.
17. Jiang, X., Y. Ni, Y. Jiang, F. Yuan, L. Han, M. Li, H. Liu, L. Yang, and Y. Lu. 2005. Outbreak of infection caused by Enterobacter cloacae producing the novel VEB-3 beta-lactamase in China. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:826-831.
18. Kang, C.-I., S.-H. Kim, W. B. Park, K.-D. Lee, H.-B. Kim, M. Oh, E.-C. Kim, and K.-W. Choe. 2004. Bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species: predictors of 30-day mortality rate and impact of broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance on outcome. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39:812-818.
19. Kluytmans-Vandenbergh, M. F. Q., J. A. J. W. Kluytmans, and A. Voss. 2005. Dutch guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO). Infection 33:309-313.
20. Leverstein-van Hall, M. A., H. E. M. Blok, A. Paauw, A. C. Fluit, A. Troelstra, E. M. Mascini, M. J. M. Bonten, and J. Verhoef. 2006. Extensive hospital-wide spread of a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae clone, with late detection due to a variable antibiogram and frequent patient transfer. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:518-524.
21. Leverstein-van Hall, M. A., A. T. A. Box, H. E. M. Blok, A. Paauw, A. C. Fluit, and J. Verhoef. 2002. Evidence of extensive interspecies transfer of integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes among multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a clinical setting. J. Infect. Dis. 186:49-56.
22. Liu, C.-P., N.-Y. Wang, C.-M. Lee, L.-C. Weng, H.-K. Tseng, C.-W. Liu, C.-S. Chiang, and F.-Y. Huang. 2004. Nosocomial and community-acquired Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection: risk factors for and prevalence of SHV-12 in multiresistant isolates in a medical centre. J. Hosp. Infect. 58: 63-77.
23. Mammeri, H., G. Laurans, M. Eveillard, S. Castelain, and F. Eb. 2001. Coexistence of SHV-4- and TEM-24-producing Enterobacter aerogenes strains before a large outbreak of TEM-24-producing strains in a French hospital. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:2184-2190.
24. Mascini, E. M., and M. J. M. Bonten. 2005. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: consequences for therapy and infection control. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11(Suppl. 4):43-56.
25. Mascini, E. M., A. Troelstra, M. Beitsma, H. E. M. Blok, K. P. Jalink, T. E. M. Hopmans, A. C. Fluit, R. J. Hené, R. J. L. Willems, J. Verhoef, and M. J. M. Bonten. 2006. Genotyping and preemptive isolation to control an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:739-746.
26. Naiemi, N. A., B. Duim, P. H. M. Savelkoul, L. Spanjaard, E. de Jonge, A. Bart, C. M. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, and M. D. de Jong. 2005. Widespread transfer of resistance genes between bacterial species in an intensive care unit: implications for hospital epidemiology. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:4862-4864.
27. NCCLS/CLSI. 2003. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 14th international supplement. NCCLS document M100-S14. NCCLS, Wayne, PA.
28. Paauw, A., A. C. Fluit, J. Verhoef, and M. A. Leverstein-van Hall. 2006. Enterobacter cloacae outbreak and emergence of quinolone resistance gene in Dutch hospital. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12:807-812.
29. Peña, C., M. Pujol, C. Ardanuy, A. Ricart, R. Pallares, J. Liñares, J. Ariza, and F. Gudiol. 1998. Epidemiology and successful control of a large outbreak due to Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:53-58.
30. Pirwitz, S., and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 1997. HICPAC guidelines for isolation precautions. Am. J. Infect. Control 25:287-288.
31. Sprenger, M. J. M., J. E. Degener, B. J. Kullberg, J. W. M. van der Meer, D. J. Mevius, and E. E. Stobberingh. 1999. European strategy for control of resistance to antibiotics. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 143:1322-1325. (In Dutch.)
32. Talon, D., P. Menget, M. Thouverez, G. Thiriez, H. Gbaguidi Haore, C. Fromentin, A. Muller, and X. Bertrand. 2004. Emergence of Enterobacter cloacae as a common pathogen in neonatal units: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. J. Hosp. Infect. 57:119-125.
33. van der Zwet, W. C., N. van Riessen, P. W. M. Bergervoet, J. R. van der Laan, P. H. M. Savelkoul, and F. W. Sebens. 2005. Outbreak of multi-resistant Escherichia coli on a surgical ward: course, measures and consequences for future admissions of contaminated patients. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 149: 2281-2286. (In Dutch.)
34. Verhoef, J., D. Beaujean, H. Blok, A. Baars, A. Meyler, and C. van der Werken, and A. Weersink. 1999. A Dutch approach to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:461-466.
35. Vriens, M., H. Blok, A. Fluit, A. Troelstra, C. van der Werken, and J. Verhoef. 2002. Costs associated with a strict policy to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Dutch university medical center, a 10-year survey. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21:782-786.
36. Woodford, N., M. E. Ward, M. E. Kaufmann, J. Turton, E. J. Fagan, D. James, A. P. Johnson, R. Pike, M. Warner, T. Cheasty, A. Pearson, S. Harry, J. B. Leach, A. Loughrey, J. A Lowes, R. E. Warren, and D. M. Livermore. 2004. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54:735-743.
37. Yu, W. L., R. N. Jones, R. J. Mollis, S. A. Messer, D. J. Biedenbach, L. M. Deshpande, and M. A. Pfaller. 2002. Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:4666-4669.