Intergroup contact and minority-language education: Reducing language-based discrimination and its negative impact

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 157-181

  Wright, Stephen C ^a   Bougie, Évelyne ^a  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bilingual and heritage language education; Identity; Intergroup contact; Language discrimination

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247853194     PISSN: 0261927X     EISSN: 15526526     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X07300078     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Aboud, F.E., & Levy, S.R. (2000). Interventions to reduce prejudice and discrimination in children and adolescents. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 269-293). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2. Allport, G.W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
3. Aronson, E., & Patnoe, S. (1997). The jigsaw classroom: Building cooperation in the classroom. New York: Longman.
4. Baker, C. (2001). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (3rd ed.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
5. Baker, C., & Prys Jones, S.P. (1998). Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
6. Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
7. Bougie, E., Wright, S.C., & Taylor, D.M. (2003). Early heritage-language education and the abrupt shift to a dominant-language classroom: Impact on the personal and collective esteem of Inuit children in Arctic Québec. International Journal of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, 6, 349-373.
8. Branscombe, N.R., Schmitt, M.T., & Harvey, R.D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African-Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
9. Brewer, M.B., & Miller, N. (1984). Beyond the contact hypothesis: Theoretical perspectives on desegregation. In N. Miller & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation (pp. 281-302). New York: Academic Press.
10. Brody, S.M. (2003). Serving a higher purpose: Service-learning leads to improved intergroup relations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz.
11. Brown, R., & Hewstone, M. (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 37, pp. 255-343). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
12. Brutt-Griffler, J. (2002). Class, ethnicity, and language rights: An analysis of British colonial policy in Lesotho and Sri Lanka and some implications for language policy. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 207-234.
13. Clément, R., Gardner, R., & Smythe, P. (1977). Inter-ethnic contact: Attitudinal consequences. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 9, 205-215.
14. Crago, M.B., Annahatak, B., & Ningiuruvik, L. (1993). Changing patterns of language socialization in Inuit homes. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 24, 205-223.
15. Crocker, J., & Luthanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.
16. Cross, W.E. (1987). The two-factor theory of Black identity: Implications for the study of identity development in minority children. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 117-133). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
17. Cummins, J. (1989). Empowering minority students. Sacramento: California Association for Bilingualism Education.
18. Cummins, J. (1994). Knowledge, power, and identity in teaching English as a second language. In F. Genesee (Ed.), Educating second language children: The whole child, the whole curriculum, the whole community (pp. 33-58). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Durgunoglu, A., Nagy, W., & Hancin-Bhatt, B.J. (1993). Cross-language transfer of phonological awareness. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 453-465.
20. Eberhardt, J. L., & Fiske, S. T. (Eds.). (1998). Confronting racism: The problem and the response. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21. Fehr, B. (1996). Friendship processes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Fischer, A.R., & Shaw, C.M. (1999). African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effect of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395-407.
23. Foster, M. (1982). Indigenous languages: Present and future. Language and Society, 7, 7-14.
24. Gaertner, S.L., & Dovidio, J.F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
25. Gardner, R., & Desrochers, A. (1981). Second-language acquisition and bilingualism: Research in Canada (1970-1980). Canadian Psychology, 22, 146-162.
26. Genesee, F. (1987). Learning through two languages: Studies of immersion and bilingual education. Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
27. Herek, G.M., & Capitanio, J.P. (1996). Some of my best friends: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals' attitudes towards gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412-424.
28. Hornberger, N.H. (1987). Bilingual education success, but policy failure. Language in Society, 16, 205-226.
29. Huang, G.G. (1995). Self-reported biliteracy and self-esteem: A study of Mexican-American 8th graders. Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 271-291.
30. Kagan, S. (1986). Cooperative learning and sociocultural factors in schooling. In Bilingual Education Office (Ed.), Beyond language: Social and cultural factors in schooling language minority students (pp. 231-298). Sacramento: California State Department of Education.
31. Kymlicka, W., & Patten, A. (Eds.). (2003). Language rights and political theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
32. Lambert, W.E., & Cazabon, M. (1994). Students' views of the Amigos program (Research Report No. 11). Santa Cruz: University of California, National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning.
33. Lambert, W.E., & Taylor, D.M. (1983). Language in the education of ethnic minority immigrants. In R. J. Samuda & S. L. Woods (Eds.), Perspectives in immigration and minority education (pp. 267-280). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
34. Lee, R.M. (2003). Do ethnic identity and other-group orientation protect against discrimination for Asian Americans? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 133-141.
35. Leonardelli, G.J., & Tormala, Z.L. (2003). The negative impact of perceiving discrimination on collective well-being: The mediating role of perceived ingroup status. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 507-514.
36. Lindholm, K.J. (1994). Promoting positive cross-cultural attitudes and perceived competence in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. In R. A. Devillar, C. J. Faltis, & J. P. Cummins (Eds.), Cultural diversity in schools: From rhetoric to practice (pp. 189-206). Albany: State University of New York Press.
37. Mascia-Lees, F.E., & Lees, S.H. (2003). Language ideologies, rights, and choices: Dilemmas and paradoxes of loss, retention, and revitalization. American Anthropologist, 105, 710-711.
38. McLaughlin, D. (1989). The sociolinguistics of Navajo literacy. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 20, 275-290.
39. McLaughlin-Volpe, T., Aron, A., Wright, S.C., & Reis, H.T. (2001). Intergroup social interactions and intergroup prejudice: Quantity versus quality. Unpublished manuscript, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
40. Miller, N., & Brewer, M.B. (1984). Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation. New York: Academic Press.
41. Mossakowski, K.N. (2003). Coping with perceived discrimination: Does ethnic identity protect mental health? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 318-331.
42. Nettle, B., & Romaine, S. (2000). Vanishing voices: The extinction of the world's languages. Toronto Canada: Oxford University Press.
43. Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination and depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232-238.
44. Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
45. Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., & Voci, A. (2004). Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of Catholic and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 770-786.
46. Parker, L.L. (1978). Current perspectives. In Center for Applied Linguistics (Ed.), Bilingual education: Current perspectives (pp. 1-62). Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.
47. Pettigrew, T. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-185.
48. Pettigrew, T. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
49. Pettigrew, T.F., & Tropp, L.R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783.
50. Phinney, J., Ferguson, D., & Tate, J. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development, 68, 955-969.
51. Phinney, J.S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
52. Priest, G.E. (1985). Aboriginal languages in Canada. Language and Society, 15, 13-19.
53. Royer, J.M., & Carlo, M.S. (1991). Transfer of comprehension skills from native to second language. Journal of Reading, 34, 450-455.
54. Ryff, C.D., Keyes, C.L.M., & Hughes, D.L. (2003). Status inequalities, perceived discrimination, and eudaimonic well-being: Do the challenges of minority life hone purpose and growth? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 275-291.
55. Schmitt, M.T., & Branscombe, N.R. (2002). The meaning and consequence of perceived discrimination in disadvantaged and privileged social groups. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 167-199). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
56. Schofield, J.W. (1995). Promoting positive intergroup relations in school settings. In W. D. Hawley & A. W. Jackson (Eds.), Towards a common destiny: Improving race and ethnic relations in America (pp. 257-289). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
57. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The education of minorities. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
58. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2002). Marvelous human rights rhetoric and grim realities: Language rights in education. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 179-205.
59. Slavin, R.E., & Cooper, R. (2000). Improving intergroup relations: Lessons learned from cooperative learning programs. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 647-663.
60. Stephan, W.G., & Stephan, C. (2001). Improving intergroup relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
61. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J.C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
62. Taylor, D.M. (2002). The quest for identity: From minority groups to generation Xers. New York: Praeger.
63. Taylor, D.M., Crago, M.B., & McAlpine, L. (1993). Education in aboriginal communities: Dilemmas around empowerment. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 20, 176-183.
64. Taylor, D.M., Dubé, L., & Bellerose, J. (1986). Intergroup contact in Quebec: Myth or reality? In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 107-118). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
65. Taylor, D.M., & Wright, S.C. (1989). Language attitudes in a multilingual northern community. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 9, 85-119.
66. Taylor, D.M., & Wright, S.C. (2002). Do aboriginal students benefit from education in their heritage language? Results from a ten-year program of research in Nunavik. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 22, 141-164.
67. Tollefson, J. (2002). Language policies in education: Critical issues. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
68. Tropp, L.R. (2003). The psychological impact of prejudice: Implications for intergroup contacts. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6, 131-149.
69. Tropp, L.R., & Pettigrew, T.F. (2005). Differential relationships between intergroup contact and affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1145-1158.
70. Tropp, L.R., & Wright, S.C. (2003). Evaluations and perceptions of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Comparisons between Mexican American and European American children. Self and Identity, 2, 203-221.
71. Villegas, A.M., & Lucas, T. (2002). Educating culturally responsive teachers: A coherent approach. New York: State University of New York Press.
72. Wagner, U., Hewstone, M., & Machleit, U. (1989). Contact and prejudice between Germans and Turks: A correlational study. Human Relations, 42, 561-574.
73. Williams, D.R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J.S., & Anderson, N.B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 335-351.
74. Williamson, K.J. (1987). Consequences of schooling: Cultural discontinuity amongst the Inuit. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 14, 60-69.
75. Wong Fillmore, L. (1991). When learning a second language means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6, 323-346.
76. Wright, S.C., Aron, A., & Tropp, L.R. (2002). Including others (and their groups) in the self: Self-expansion theory and intergroup relations. In J. P. Forgas & K. Williams (Eds.), The social self: Cognitive, interpersonal and intergroup perspectives (pp. 343-363). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
77. Wright, S.C., Brody, S.M., & Aron, A. (2005). Intergroup contact: Still our best hope for improving intergroup relations. In C. S. Crandall & M. Schaller (Eds.), Social psychology of prejudice: Historical and contemporary issues (pp. 115-142). Seattle, WA: Lewinian Press.
78. Wright, S.C., & Taylor, D.M. (1995). Identity and the language in the classroom: Investigating the impact of heritage versus second language instruction on personal and collective self-esteem. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 241-252.
79. Wright, S.C., Taylor, D.M., & Macarthur, J. (2000). Subtractive bilingualism and the survival of the Inuit language: Heritage- versus second-language instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 63-84.
80. Wright, S.C., & Tropp, L.R. (2005). Language and intergroup contact: Investigating the impact of bilingual instruction on children's intergroup attitudes. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8, 309-328.
81. Wright, S.C., Van der Zande, C.C., Ropp, S.S., Tropp, L.R., Zanna, M.P., Aron, A., et al. (2003). Friendship and cross-group contact effects: An experimental test. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Santa Cruz.