Rattlesnake envenomation

Compendium: Continuing Education For Veterinarians

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 166-176

  Najman, Laura ^a   Seshadri, Ravi ^a  

^a Advanced Critical Care and Internal Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SNAKE VENOM; VENOM ANTISERUM;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; DOG; DOG DISEASE; FASCICULATION; HUMAN; INJURY; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; SNAKE; SNAKEBITE; TOXICITY AND INTOXICATION; WOUND INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIVENINS; CROTALID VENOMS; CROTALUS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FASCICULATION; HUMANS; NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; SNAKE BITES; WOUND INFECTION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 34247486970     PISSN: 19408307     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Gold B, Dart R, Barish R: Bites of venomous snakes. N Engl J Med 347(5): 347-356, 2002.
2. Walter FG, Bilden EF, Gilby RL: Envenomations. Crit Care Clin 15(2): 353-386, ix, 1999.
3. Juckett G, Hancox J: Venomous snakebites in the United States: Management review and update. Am Fam Phys 66(1):30, 2002.
4. Gold BS, Wingert WA: Snake venom poisoning in the United States: A review of therapeutic practice. South Med J 87(6):579-589, 1994.
5. Chrisman CL, Hopkins AL, Ford SL, et al: Acute, flaccid quadriplegia in three cats with suspected coral snake envenomation. JAAHA 32(4):343-349, 1996.
6. Marks SL, Manella C, Schaer M: Coral snake envenomation in the dog: Report of four cases and review of the literature. JAAHA 26:629-634, 1990.
7. Holstege CP, Miller MB, Wermuth M, et al: Crotalid snake envenomation. Crit Care Clin 13(4):889-921, 1997.
8. Young BA, Zahn K: Venom flow in rattlesnakes: Mechanics and metering. J Exp Biol 204(Pt 24):4345-4351, 2001.
9. Willey JR, Schaer M: Eastern diamondback rattlesnake envenomation of dogs: 31 cases. JAAHA 41:22-33, 2005.
10. Hutton RA, Warrell DA: Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system. Blood Rev 7(3):176-189, 1993.
11. White J: Snake venoms and coagulopathy. Toxicon 45(8):951-967, 2005.
12. Hudelson S, Hudelson P: Pathophysiology of snake envenomation and evaluation of treatments, part I. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17(7):889-897, 1995.
13. Meier J, Stocker K: Effects of snake venoms on hemostasis. Crit Rev Toxicol 21(3):171-182, 1991.
14. Odeleye AA, Presley AE, Passwater ME, et al: Report of two cases: Rattlesnake venom-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Clin Lab Sci 34(4):467-470, 2004.
15. Karthik S, Phadke KD: Snakebite-induced acute renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 19(9):1053-1054, 2004.
16. Hudelson S, Hudelson P: Pathophysiology of snake envenomation and evaluation of treatments, part II. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17(8):1035-1041, 1995.
17. Anderson WAD, Morrison DB, Williams Jr EF: Pathologic changes following injections of ferriheme (hematin) in dogs. Arch Pathol 33:589-602, 1942.
18. Azevedo-Marques MN, Cupo P, Coimbra TN, et al: Myonecrosis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure induced by South American rattlesnake envenomization in Brazil. Toxicon 23(4):631-636, 1985.
19. Mittal BV: Acute renal failure following poisonous snake bite. J Postgrad Med 40(3):123-126, 1994.
20. Hackett TB, Wingfield WE, Mazzaferro EM, et al: Clinical findings associated with prairie rattlesnake bites in dogs: 100 cases. JAVMA 220(11): 1675-1680, 2002.
21. Harned H, Ochme FW: Poisonous snakebites in dogs and cats. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 77(1):73-78, 1982.
22. Mansfield PD: The management of snake venom poisoning in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 6(11):988-995, 1984.
23. Russel FE: Snake venom poisoning in the United States. Annu Rev Med 31:247-259, 1980.
24. de Sousa-e-Silva M, Tomy S, Tavares F, et al: Hematological, hemostatic, and clinical chemistry disturbances induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom in dogs. Hum Exp Toxicol 22(9):491-500, 2003.
25. Walton RM, Brown DE, Hamar DW, et al: Mechanisms of echinocytosis induced by Crotalus atrox venom. Vet Pathol 34:442-449, 1997.
26. Brown DE, Meyer DJ, Wingfield WE, et al: Echinocytosis associated with rattlesnake envenomation in dogs. Vet Pathol 31:654-657, 1994.
27. Berdoulay P, Schaer M, Starr J: Serum sickness in a dog associated with antivenin therapy for snake bite caused by Crotalus adamanteus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 15(3):206-212, 2005.
28. Schaeffer RC, Carlson RW, Puri VK, et al: The effects of colloidal and crystalloid fluids on rattlesnake venom shock in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 206(3):687-695, 1978.
29. Dart RC, McNally J: Efficacy, safety, and use of snake antivenoms in the United States. Ann Emerg Med 37(2):181-188, 2001.
30. Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent package insert, Fort Dodge.
31. Clark RF, Williams SR, Nordt SP, et al: Successful treatment of crotalid-induced neurotoxicity with new polyspecific crotalid Fab antivenin. Ann Emerg Med 30(1):54-57, 1997.
32. Ruha A, Curry SC, Beuhler M: Initial postmarketing experience with Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab for treatment of rattlesnake envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 39(6):609-615, 2002.
33. Gwaltney-Brant SM, Rumbeiha WK: Newer antidotal therapies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32(2):323-339, 2002.
34. Seifert SA, Boyer LV: Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: Part 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunoglobulin antivenoms and related antibodies. Ann Emerg Med 37(2):189-195, 2001.
35. Boyer LV, Seifert SA, Clark RF, et al: Recurrent and persistent coagulopathy following pit viper envenomation. Arch Intern Med 159(7):706-710, 1999.
36. Boyer LV, Seifert SA, Cain JS: Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: Part 2. Guidelines for clinical management with crotaline Fab antivenom. Ann Emerg Med 37(2):196-201, 2001.
37. Offerman SR, Smith TS, Derlet RW, et al: Does aggressive use of polyvalent antivenin for rattlesnake bites result in serious acute side effects? West J Med 175(2):88-91, 2001.
38. Heard K, O'Malley GF, Dart RC: Amivenom therapy in the Americas. Drugs 58(1):5-15, 1999.
39. Kerrigan KR, Mertz BL, Nelson SJ, et al: Antibiotic prophylaxis for pit viper envenomation: Prospective, controlled trial. World J Surg 21(4):369-373, 1997.
40. Clark RF, Selden BS, Furbee B: The incidence of wound infection following crotalid envenomation. J Emerg Med 11(5):583-586, 1993.
41. Tagwireyi DD, Ball DE, Nhachi CF: Routine antibiotic use in the management of snakebite. BMB Clin Pharmacol 1:4, 2001.
42. Terry P, Mackway-Jones K: The use of antibiotics in venomous snake bite. Emerg Med J 19:48-49, 2002.
43. Crotalus atrox toxoid (rattlesnake vaccine) product information, Red Rock Biologics.
44. Wallis DM, Wallis JL: Rattlesnake vaccine to prevent envenomation toxicity in dogs [abstract]. Western Veterinary Conference, 2005.