Delayed cord clamping and haemoglobin levels in infancy: A randomised controlled trial in term babies

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 603-616

  Van Rheenen, Patrick ^a   De Moor, Lette ^b   Eschbach, Sanne ^b   De Grooth, Hannah ^c   Brabin, Bernard ^d,e,f  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c Mpongwe Mission Hospital   (Zambia)

^d ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^e LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^f ALDER HEY CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Appropriate technology; Infant anaemia; Term birth; Umbilical cord clamping

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN;

ANEMIA; BLOOD; CHILD CARE; CHILD HEALTH; HEALTH RISK; INFANTICIDE; MALARIA; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD HEALTH; CLAMP; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELIVERY; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEMALE; HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION; HUMAN; INFANCY; INFANT; IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; MALARIA; MALE; MATERNAL WELFARE; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; UMBILICAL CORD; UMBILICAL CORD CLAMP; ZAMBIA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANEMIA; CONSTRICTION; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; ENDEMIC DISEASES; FEMALE; FETAL BLOOD; HEMATOCRIT; HEMOGLOBINS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT FOOD; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALARIA; MALE; OBSTETRIC LABOR COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY; RURAL HEALTH; TIME FACTORS; UMBILICAL CORD;

AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ZAMBIA;

EID: 34247217992     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01835.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Altman DG, Schulz KF, Moher D et al. (2001) The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine 134, 663-694.
2. Anderson M & Hay W (1999) Intrauterine growth restriction and the small-for-gestational-age infant. In: Neonatology. Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn, 5th edn (eds G Avery, M Fletcher & M McDonals) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 411-444.
3. Asobayire F, Adou P, Daviddson L, Cook JD & Hurrell R (2001) Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without concurrent anemia in population groups with high prevalences of malaria and other infections: a study in Cote d'Ivoire. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, 776-782.
4. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM & Jenson HB (2000) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (16th edn). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
5. Brabin B (1992) Fetal anaemia in malarious areas: its causes and significance. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 12, 303-310.
6. Brabin BJ, Premji Z & Verhoeff F (2001) An analysis of anemia and child mortality. Journal of Nutrition 131, 636S-645S.
7. Brabin B, Prinsen-Geerligs P, Verhoeff F & Kazembe P (2003a) Anaemia prevention for reduction of mortality in mothers and children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, 36-38.
8. Brabin BJ, Prinsen-Geerligs P, Verhoeff F & Kazembe P (2003b) Anaemia prevention for reduction of mortality in mothers and children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, 36-38.
9. Brabin BJ, Kalanda BF, Verhoeff FH, Chimsuku LH & Broadhead RL (2004) Risk factors for fetal anaemia in a malarious area of Malawi. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 24, 311-321.
10. Ceriani Cernadas JM, Carroli G, Pellegrini L et al. (2006) The effect of timing of cord clamping on neonatal venous hematocrit values and clinical outcome at term: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 117, e779-e786.
11. le Cessie S, Verhoeff FH, Mengistie G et al. (2002) Changes in haemoglobin levels in infants in Malaw: effect of low birth weight and fetal anaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 86, F182-F187.
12. Chaparro CM, Neufeld LM, Tena AG, Eguia-Liz CR & Dewey KG (2006) Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping on iron status in Mexican infants: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 367, 1997-2004.
13. Dallman PR (1988) Nutritional anemia of infancy: iron, folic acid, and Vitamin B12. In: Nutrition During Infancy (eds R Tsang & B Nichols) Hanley and Belfus, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 6-35.
14. Domellof M, Dewey KG, Lonnerdal B, Cohen RJ & Hernell O (2002) The diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in infants should be reevaluated. Journal of Nutrition 132, 3680-3686.
15. van Eijk AM, Ayisi JG, Ter Kuile FO et al. (2002) Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection as risk factors for anemia in infants in Kisumu, western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 44-53.
16. Emhamed M, van Rheenen P & Brabin BJ (2004) The early effects of delayed cord clamping in term infants born to Libyan mothers. Tropical Doctor 34, 218-222.
17. English M & Snow RW (2006) Iron and folic supplementation and malaria risk. Lancet 367, 90-91.
18. Fylkesnes K, Musonda RM, Sichone M et al. (2001) Declining HIV prevalence and risk behaviours in Zambia: evidence from surveillance and population-based surveys. AIDS 15, 907-916.
19. Garner P &Gulmezoglu AM (2003) Drugs for preventing malaria-related illness in pregnant women and death in the newborn (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.
20. Grajeda R, Perez-Escamilla R & Dewey KG (1997) Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord improves hematologic status of Guatemalan infants at 2 mo of age. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 425-431.
21. Gupta R & Ramji S (2002) Effect of delayed cord clamping on iron stores in infants born to anemic mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatrics 39, 130-135.
22. Hamel BC (1982) Usefulness of icterometer in black newborns with jaundice. Tropical Doctor 12, 213-214.
23. Hinchliffe R (1999) Reference values. In: Pediatric Hematology (2nd edn) (eds J Lilleyman, I Hahn & V Blanchette) Churchill Livingstone, London.
24. INACG (1985) Measurements of Iron Status. International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC.
25. Ismail MR, Ordi J, Menendez C et al. (2000) Placental pathology in malaria: a histological, immunohistochemical, and quantitative study. Human Pathology 31, 85-93.
26. Juul S, Zerzan J, Strandjord T & Woodrum D (2003) Zinc protoporphyrin/heme as an indicator of iron status in NICU patients. Journal of Pediatrics 142, 273-278.
27. Kitua AY, Smith TA, Alonso PL et al. (1997) The role of low level Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in anaemia among infants living in an area of intense and perennial transmission. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, 325-333.
28. Kling P (2006) The zinc protoporphyrin/heme ration in premature infants: has it found its place? Journal of Pediatrics 148, 8-10.
29. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM et al. (2000) CDC growth charts: United States. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 314, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, pp. 1-27.
30. Lefeber Y & Voorhoeve H (1997) Practices and beliefs of traditional birth attendants: lessons for obstetrics in the north? Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, 1175-1179.
31. Letsky EA (1991) The haematological system. In: Clinical Physiology in Obstetrics (eds FE Hytten & G Chamberlain ) Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 2-75.
32. Linderkamp O (1982) Placental transfusion: determinants and effects. Clinics in Perinatology 9, 559-592.
33. Linderkamp O, Nelle M, Kraus M & Zilow EP (1992) The effect of early and late cord-clamping on blood viscosity and other hemorheological parameters in full-term neonates. Acta Paediatrica 81, 745-750.
34. Lott D, Zimmerman M, Labbe RF, Kling P & Widness J (2006) Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin ratios are elevated with prematurity and with fetal hypoxia. Pediatrics 116, 414-422.
35. Menendez C, Kahigwa E, Hirt R et al. (1997) Randomised placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation and malaria chemoprophylaxis for prevention of severe anaemia and malaria in Tanzanian infants. Lancet 350, 844-850.
36. Miller MF, Stoltzfus RJ, Mbuya NV et al. (2003) Total body iron in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean newborns strongly predicts anemia throughout infancy and is predicted by maternal hemoglobin concentration. Journal of Nutrition 133, 3461-3468.
37. Morley D (1973) Paediatric Priorities in the Developing World. Butterworth & Co., London.
38. Nelle M, Zilow EP, Kraus M, Bastert G & Linderkamp O (1993) The effect of Leboyer delivery on blood viscosity and other hemorheologic parameters in term neonates. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169, 189-193.
39. Nelle M, Zilow EP, Bastert G & Linderkamp O (1995) Effect of Leboyer childbirth on cardiac output, cerebral and gastrointestinal blood flow velocities in full-term neonates. American Journal of Perinatology 12, 212-216.
40. Nelle M, Kraus M, Bastert G & Linderkamp O (1996) Effects of Leboyer childbirth on left-and right systolic time intervals in healthy term neonates. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 24, 513-520.
41. Oppenheimer SJ (2001) Iron and its relation to immunity and infectious disease. Journal of Nutrition 131, 616S-633S.
42. Oski FA (1993) Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. New England Journal of Medicine 329, 190-193.
43. Rettmer R, Carlson T, Origenes M, Jack R & Labbe R (1999) Zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio for diagnosis of preanemic iron deficiency. Pediatrics 104, e37.
44. van Rheenen P & Brabin BJ (2004) Late umbilical cord clamping as an intervention for reducing iron deficiency anaemia in term infants in developing and industrialised countries: a systematic review. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 24, 3-16.
45. van Rheenen P & Brabin BJ (2006) A practical approach to timing cord clamping in resource-poor settings. BMJ 333, 954-958.
46. Saarinen UM & Siimes MA (1978) Developmental changes in red blood cell counts and indices of infants after exclusion of iron deficiency by laboratory criteria and continuous iron supplementation. Journal of Pediatrics 92, 412-416.
47. Sazawal S, Black RE, Ramsan M et al. (2006) Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting: community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 367, 133-143.
48. Schellenberg D, Schellenberg JR, Mushi A et al. (2003) The silent burden of anaemia in Tanzanian children: a community-based study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 81, 581-590.
49. Serjeant GR, Grandison Y, Mason K et al. (1980) Haematological indices in normal negro children: a Jamaican cohort from birth to five years. Clinical and Laboratory Haematology 2, 169-178.
50. Soldin O, Miller M & Soldin S (2003) Pediatric reference ranges for zinc protoporphyrin. Clinical Biochemistry 36, 21-25.
51. Stekelenburg J, Kyanamina S, Mukelabai M, Wolffers I & van Roosmalen J (2004) Waiting too long: low use of maternal health services in Kalabo, Zambia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 9, 390-398.
52. Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Montresor A et al. (2000) Malaria, hookworms and recent fever are related to anemia and iron status indicators in 0-to 5-y old Zanzibari children and these relationships change with age. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1724-1733.
53. Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (2004) Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 114, 297-316.
54. Verhoeff FH, Milligan P, Brabin BJ, Mlanga S & Nakoma V (1997) Gestational age assessment by nurses in a developing country using the Ballard method, external criteria only. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 17, 333-342.
55. WHO (2001) Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Assessment, Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers. (WHO/NHD/ 01.3) World Health Organization, Geneva.
56. Yao AC & Lind J (1969) Effect of gravity on placental transfusion. Lancet 294, 505-508.
57. Yao AC, Moinian M & Lind J (1969) Distribution of blood between infant and placenta after birth. Lancet 2, 871-873.