Cognitive performance after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The impact of poor effort on test results and its relation to distress, personality and litigation

Brain Injury

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 309-318

  Stulemeijer, Maja ^a   Andriessen, Teuntje M J C ^a   Brauer, Jolanda M P ^a   Vos, Pieter E ^a   Van Der Werf, Sieberen ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cognition; Effort tests; Mild brain injury; Neuropsychological; Outcome

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COGNITION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMERGENCY WARD; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY SEVERITY; LAW SUIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PERSONALITY; SHORT TERM MEMORY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 34147151189     PISSN: 02699052     EISSN: 1362301X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02699050701209980     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Cassidy, JD, Carroll, LJ, Peloso, PM, Borg, J., von Holst, H., Holm, L., Kraus, J. and Coronado, VG (2004) Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43, pp. 28-60.
2. Alexander, MP (1995) Mild traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical management. Neurology, 45, pp. 1253-1260.
3. Barth, JT, Macciocchi, SN, Giordani, B., Rimel, R., Jane, JA and Boll, TJ (1983) Neuropsychological sequelae of minor head injury. Neurosurgery, 13, pp. 529-533.
4. Leininger, BE, Gramling, SE, Farrell, AD, Kreutzer, JS and Peck III, EA (1990) Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 53, pp. 293-296.
5. Vanderploeg, RD, Curtiss, G. and Belanger, HG (2005) Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, pp. 228-236.
6. Belanger, HG, Curtiss, G., Demery, JA, Lebowitz, BK and Vanderploeg, RD (2005) Factors moderating neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, pp. 215-227.
7. Binder, LM, Rohling, ML and Larrabee, J. (1997) A review of mild head trauma. Part I: Meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 421-431.
8. Ponsford, J., Willmott, C., Rothwell, A., Cameron, P., Kelly, AM, Nelms, R. and Curran, C. (2000) Factors influencing outcome following mild traumatic brain injury in adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, pp. 568-579.
9. Binder, LM, Kelly, MP, Villanueva, MR and Winslow, MM (2003) Motivation and neuropsychological test performance following mild head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, pp. 420-430.
10. Green, P., Rohling, ML, Lees-Haley, PR and Allen III, LM (2001) Effort has a greater effect on test scores than severe brain injury in compensation claimants. Brain Injury, 15, pp. 1045-1060.
11. Keller, M., Hiltbrunner, B., Dill, C. and Kesselring, J. (2000) Reversible neuropsychological deficits after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 68, pp. 761-764.
12. Ross, SR, Putnam, SH and Adams, KM (2006) Psychological disturbance, incomplete effort, and compensation-seeking status as predictors of neuropsychological test performance in head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28, pp. 111-125.
13. Suhr, JA and Gunstad, J. (2002) 'Diagnosis Threat': The effect of negative expectations on cognitive performance in head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, pp. 448-457.
14. Kahneman, D. (1973) Attention and effort, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
15. Moore, BA and Donders, J. (2004) Predictors of invalid neuropsychological test performance after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 18, pp. 975-984.
16. Rogers, R., Harrell, EH and Liff, CD (1993) Feigning neuropsychological impairment: A critical review of methodological and clinical considerations. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, pp. 255-274.
17. Brehm, JW, Wright, RA, Silka, L. and Greenberg, J. (1983) Perceived difficulty of goal attainment, energization, and goal attractiveness. Motivation and Emotion, 19, pp. 21-48.
18. Binder, LM and Rohling, ML (1996) Money matters: A meta-analytic review of the effects of financial incentives on recovery after closed-head injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, pp. 7-10.
19. Constantinou, M., Bauer, L., Ashendorf, L., Fisher, JM and McCaffrey, RJ (2005) Is poor performance on recognition memory effort measures indicative of generalized poor performance on neuropsychological tests?. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, pp. 191-198.
20. Heinly, MT, Greve, KW, Bianchini, KJ, Love, JM and Brennan, A. (2005) WAIS digit span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 12, pp. 429-444.
21. Langeluddecke, PM and Lucia, VC (2003) Quantative measures of memory malingering on the Wechsler Memory Scale- third edition in mild head injury litigants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, pp. 181-197.
22. Suhr, J., Tranel, D., Wefel, J. and Barrash, J. (1997) Memory performance after head injury: Contributions of malingering, litigation status, psychological factors, and medication use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 500-514.
23. Gass, CS and Apple, C. (1997) Cognitive complaints in closed-head injury: Relationship to memory test performance and emotional disturbance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 290-299.
24. Rapoport, MJ, McCullagh, S., Shammi, P. and Feinstein, A. (2005) Cognitive impairment associated with major depression following mild and moderate traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17, pp. 61-65.
25. Stulemeijer, M., van der, WS, Bleijenberg, G., Biert, J., Brauer, J. and Vos, E. (2006) Recovery from mild traumatic brain injury: A focus on fatigue. Journal of Neurology, 253, pp. 1041-1047.
26. Cattelani, R., Gugliotta, M., Maravita, A. and Mazzucchi, A. (1996) Post-concussive syndrome: Paraclinical signs, subjective symptoms, cognitive functions and MMPI profiles. Brain Injury, 10, pp. 187-195.
27. Revelle, W. (1993) Individual differences in personality and motivation: 'Non-cognitive' determinants of cognitive performance, pp. 346-373. Oxford University Press, Oxford
28. Rose, CL, Murphy, LB, Byard, L. and Nikzad, K. (2002) The role of the Big Five Personality Factors in Vigilance Performance and Workload. European Journal of Personality, 16, pp. 185-200.
29. Efklides, A., Kourkoulou, A., Mitsiou, F. and Ziliaskopoulou, D. (2006) Metacognitive knowledge of effort, personality factors, and mood state: Their relationships with effort-related metacognitive experiences. Metacognition and Learning, 1, pp. 33-49.
30. Vos, PE, Battistin, L., Birbamer, G., Gerstenbrand, F., Potapov, A., Prevec, T., Stepan, ChA, Traubner, P., Twijnstra, A. and Vecsei, L. (2002) EFNS Guideline on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Report of am EFNS Task force. European Journal of Neurology, 9, pp. 207-219.
31. Bolan, B., Foster, JK, Schmand, B. and Bolan, S. (2003) A Comparison of Three Tests to Detect Feigned Amnesia: The Effects of Feedback and the Measurement of Response Latency. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, pp. 154-167.
32. Schagen, S., Schmand, B., de, SS and Lindeboom, J. (1997) Amsterdam Short-Term Memory test: A new procedure for the detection of feigned memory deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 43-51.
33. Hout, van MS, Schmand, B., Wekking, EM, Hageman, G. and Deelman, BG (2003) Suboptimal performance on neuropsychological tests in patients with suspected chronic toxic encephalopathy. Neurotoxicology, 24, pp. 547-551.
34. Schmand, B., Lindeboom, J., Schagen, S., Heijt, R., Koene, T. and Hamburger, HL (1998) Cognitive complaints in patients after whiplash injury: The impact of malingering. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 64, pp. 339-343.
35. Schmand, B., Bakker, D., Saan, R. and Louman, J. (1991) [The Dutch Reading Test for Adults: A measure of premorbid intelligence level]. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie, 22, pp. 15-19.
36. Delis, DC, Kramer, JH, Kaplan, E. and Ober, BA (1987) California verbal learning test, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc, New York
37. Mulder, JL, Dekker, R. and Dekker, PH (1996) Handleiding Verbale Leer en Geheugen test. (Manual of the Dutch edition of the California verbal learning test.), Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse
38. Zimmermann, P. and Fimm, B. (1996) Testbatterij voor Aandachtsprestaties (TAP). Handboek. [Manual of Testbattery for Attention Performance.], Psytest, Herzogenrath
39. Vercoulen, JHMM, Bazelmans, E., Swanink, CMA, Galama, JMD, Fennis, JFM, van der Meer, JWM and Bleijenberg, G. (1998) Evaluating neuropsychological impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, pp. 144-156.
40. Wechsler, D. (1997) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third edition (WAIS-III), Psychological Corporation, San Antonio TX
41. Beck, AT, Guth, D., Steer, RA and Ball, R. (1997) Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, pp. 785-791.
42. Degoratis, LR (1994) SCL-90: Symptom checklist 90-R, MN National Computer systems Inc, Minneapolis
43. Sundin, EC and Horowitz, MJ (2002) Impact of event scale: Psychometric properties. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, pp. 205-209.
44. Sanderman, R., Arrindell, WA, Ranchor, AV, Eysenck, HJ and Eysenck, SBG (1995) Het meten van persoonlijkheidskenmerken met de Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ): Een handleiding (Assesment of personality characteristics with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ): A manual)., Noordelijk Centrum voor gezondheidsvraagstukken, Universiteit Groningen, Groningen
45. Denollet, J. (2005) DS14: Standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, pp. 89-97.
46. Dittner, AJ, Wessely, SC and Brown, RG (2004) The assessment of fatigue: A practical guide for clinicians and researchers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56, pp. 157-170.
47. Paniak, C., Reynolds, S., Toller-Lobe, G., Melnyk, A., Nagy, J. and Schmidt, D. (2002) A longitudinal study of the relationship between financial compensation and symptoms after treated mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, pp. 187-193.
48. Denollet, J., Pedersen, SS, Ong, AT, Erdman, RA, Serruys, PW and van Domburg, RT (2006) Social inhibition modulates the effect of negative emotions on cardiac prognosis following percutaneous coronary intervention in the drug-eluting stent era. European Heart Journal, 27, pp. 171-177.
49. Lindem, K., White, RF, Heeren, T., Proctor, SP, Krengel, M., Vasterling, J., Wolfe, J., Sutker, PB, Kirkley, S. and Keane, TM (2003) Neuropsychological performance in Gulf War era veterans: Motivational factors and effort. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 25, pp. 129-138.
50. Schmand, B., de Sterke, S. and Lindeboom, J. (1999) The Amsterdam short-term memory test: Manual, Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse
51. Boake, C., McCauley, SR, Levin, HS, Contant, CE, Song, JX, Brown, SA, Goodman, HS, Brundage, SI, Diaz-Marchan, PJ and Merritt, SG (2004) Limited agreement between criteria-based diagnoses of postconcussional syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 16, pp. 493-499.
52. Millis, SR and Volinsky, CT (2001) Assessment of response bias in mild head injury: Beyond malingering tests. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23, pp. 809-828.