Cognitive complaints in patients after whiplash injury: The impact of malingering

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 339-343

  Schmand, B ^a,b,c   Lindeboom, J ^b   Schagen, S ^a   Heijt, R ^a   Koene, T ^b   Hamburger, H L ^a  

^a SLOTERVAART HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^b ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cognition disorders; Malingering; Neuropsychological tests; Whiplash injury

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHRONIC PAIN; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; LAW SUIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALINGERING; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT TERM MEMORY; WHIPLASH INJURY;

EID: 0031920366     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.64.3.339     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Ettlin TM, Kischka U, Reichmann S, et al. Cerebral symptoms after whiplash injury of the neck: a prospective clinical and neuropsychological study of whiplash injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:943-8.
2. Radanov BP, Di Stefano G, Schnidrig A, et al. Cognitive functioning after common whiplash. Arch Neurol 1993;50: 87-91.
3. Di Stefano G, Radanov BP. Course of attention and memory after common whiplash: a two-years prospective study with age, education and gender pair-matched patients. Acta Neurol Scand 1995;91:346-52.
4. Radanov BP, Dvorak J. Impaired cognitive functioning after whiplash injury of the cervical spine. Spine 1996;21:392-7.
5. Otte A, Ettlin T, Fierz L, et al. Parieto-occipital hypoperfusion in late whiplash syndrome: first quantitative SPET study using technetium-99m bicisate (ECD). Eur J Nucl Med 1996;23:72-4.
6. Olsnes BT. Neurobehavioural findings in whiplash patients with long-lasting symptoms. Acta Neurol Scand 1989;80: 584-8.
7. Pearce JMS. Polemics of chronic whiplash injury. Neurology 1994;44:1993-7;
8. Comments in Neurology 1995;45:2116-8.
9. Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders. The Quebec whiplash-associated disorders cohort study. Spine 1995;20(suppl 8):12-20S.
10. Schrader H, Obelieniene D, Bovim G, et al. Natural evolution of late whiplash syndrome outside the medicolegal context. Lancet 1996;347:1207-11.
11. Haines ME, Norris MP. Detecting malingering of cognitive deficits: an update. Neuropsychol Rev 1995;5:125-48.
12. Bernard LC. Prospects for faking believable memory deficits on neuropsychological tests and the use of incentives in simulation research. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990;12:715-28.
13. Rogers R, Harrell EH, Liff CD. Feignig neuropsychological impairment: a critical review of methodological and clinical considerations. Clin Psychol Rev 1993;13:255-74.
14. Schagen S, Schmand B, de Sterke S, et al. Amsterdam short term memory test. A new procedure for the detection of feigned memory deficits. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997;19: 43-51.
15. Schmand B, Lindeboom J, Van Harskamp F. De Nederlandse Leestest voor Volwassenen. [The Dutch adult reading test.] Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1992.
16. Bouma A, Mulder J, Lindeboom J. Neuropsychologische diagnostiek. Handboek. [Neuropsychological assessment. Manual.] Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1996.
17. Nelson HE. National adult reading test. Manual. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1982.
18. Luteijn F, Van der Ploeg FAE. Groninger Intelligence test. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1983.
19. Stinissen J, Willems PJ, Coetsier L, et al. Handleiding bij de Nederlandse bewerking van de WAIS. [Manual of the Dutch edition of the WAIS.] Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1970.
20. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
21. Reitan RM. Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271-6.
22. Hammes JGW. De Stroop kleur-woord test. Handleiding, weede gewijzigde druk. [The Stroop color-word test. Manual, 2nd ed.] Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1978.
23. Van den Burg W, Saan RJ, Deelman BG. 15-Woordentest. Provisional manual. Groningen: University Hospital, 1985.
24. Wilson B, Cocburn J, Baddeley A. The Rivermead behavioural memory test. Reading: Thames Valley Test Company, 1985.
25. Binder LM, Rohling ML. Money matters: a meta-analytic review of the effects of financial incentives on recovery after closed head injury. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:7-10.
26. Moss-Morris R, Petrie KJ, Large RG, et al. Neuropsychological deficits in chronic fatigue syndrome: artifact or reality? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:474-7.
27. Cassens G, Wolfe L, Zola M. The neuropsychology of depressions. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990;2:202-13.
28. Radanov BP, Sturzenegger M, Di Stefano G. Long-term outcome after whiplash injury. A 2 year follow up considering features of injury mechanism and somatic, radiologic, and psychological findings. Medicine 1995;74:281-97.
29. Bayer TL. Weaving a tangled web: the psychology of deception and self deception in psychogenic pain. Soc Sci Med 1985;20:517-27.
30. Turk DC, Melzack R. Handbook of pain assessment. New York: Guilford Press, 1992.
31. Smed A. Cognitive function and distress after common whiplash injury. Acta Neurol Scand 1997;95:73-80.