메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 26-41

Assessing exposure to airborne nanomaterials: Current abilities and future requirements

Author keywords

Aerosol; Exposure measurement; Measurement; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology

Indexed keywords

NANOMATERIAL; NANOPARTICLE;

EID: 34147150120     PISSN: 17435390     EISSN: 17435404     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17435390701314720     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (230)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 34147095256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH
    • American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 1999. Particle size-selective sampling for particulate air contaminants. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
    • (1999) Particle size-selective sampling for particulate air contaminants
  • 2
    • 0037263377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of welding
    • Antonini JM. 2003. Health effects of welding. Crit Rev Toxicol 33(1):61-103.
    • (2003) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-103
    • Antonini, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 34147184140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminology for Nanotechnology
    • ASTM International, E 2456-06, ASTM International
    • ASTM International. 2006. Terminology for Nanotechnology, E 2456-06, ASTM International.
    • (2006)
  • 4
    • 34147112683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baltensperger U, Weingartner E, Burtscher H, Keskinen J. 2001. Dynamic mass and surface area measurements. In: Baron PAB, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement. Principles, techniques and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience. pp 387-418.
    • Baltensperger U, Weingartner E, Burtscher H, Keskinen J. 2001. Dynamic mass and surface area measurements. In: Baron PAB, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement. Principles, techniques and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience. pp 387-418.
  • 5
    • 34147134212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baron PA, Sorensen CM, Brockmann JE. 2001. Nonspherical particle measurements: Shape factors, fractals and fibers. In: Baron PA, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement. Principles, techniques and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp 705-749.
    • Baron PA, Sorensen CM, Brockmann JE. 2001. Nonspherical particle measurements: Shape factors, fractals and fibers. In: Baron PA, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement. Principles, techniques and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp 705-749.
  • 7
    • 3342971222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal exposure to ultrafine particles in the workplace: Exploring sampling techniques and strategies
    • Brouwer DH, Gijsbers JHJ, Lurvink MWM. 2004. Personal exposure to ultrafine particles in the workplace: Exploring sampling techniques and strategies. Ann Occup Hyg 48(5):439-453.
    • (2004) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 439-453
    • Brouwer, D.H.1    Gijsbers, J.H.J.2    Lurvink, M.W.M.3
  • 8
    • 0035884016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: A role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines
    • Brown DM, Wilson MR, MacNee W, Stone V, Donaldson K. 2001. Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: A role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 175(3):191-199.
    • (2001) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.175 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-199
    • Brown, D.M.1    Wilson, M.R.2    MacNee, W.3    Stone, V.4    Donaldson, K.5
  • 9
    • 12444272525 scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers
    • Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E. 1938. Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309.
    • (1938) J Am Chem Soc , vol.60 , pp. 309
    • Brunauer, S.1    Emmett, P.H.2    Teller, E.3
  • 12
    • 0033979252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting H in ultrafine ambient aerosol using iron nano-film detectors and scanning probe microscopy
    • Cohen BS, LiW, Xiong JW, Lippmann M. 2000. Detecting H in ultrafine ambient aerosol using iron nano-film detectors and scanning probe microscopy. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 15(1):80-89.
    • (2000) Appl Occup Environ Hyg , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-89
    • Cohen, B.S.1    Li, W.2    Xiong, J.W.3    Lippmann, M.4
  • 13
    • 0037235805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of free radicals in the toxic and inflammatory effects of four different ultrafine particle types
    • Dick CAJ, Brown DM, Donaldson K, Stone V. 2003. The role of free radicals in the toxic and inflammatory effects of four different ultrafine particle types. Inhal Toxicol 15(1):39-52.
    • (2003) Inhal Toxicol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-52
    • Dick, C.A.J.1    Brown, D.M.2    Donaldson, K.3    Stone, V.4
  • 16
    • 0032101141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine (nanometer) particle mediated lung injury
    • Donaldson K, Li XY, MacNee W. 1998. Ultrafine (nanometer) particle mediated lung injury. J Aerosol Sci 29(5-6):553-560.
    • (1998) J Aerosol Sci , vol.29 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 553-560
    • Donaldson, K.1    Li, X.Y.2    MacNee, W.3
  • 19
    • 34147150035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Nanotechnology White Paper: External Review Draft, EPA.
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Nanotechnology White Paper: External Review Draft, EPA.
  • 20
    • 33845930933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and principle of an instrument measuring lung deposited nanoparticle surface area
    • Fissan H, Neumann S, Trampe A, Pui DHY, Shin WG. 2007. Rationale and principle of an instrument measuring lung deposited nanoparticle surface area. J Nanopart Res 9(1):53-59.
    • (2007) J Nanopart Res , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Fissan, H.1    Neumann, S.2    Trampe, A.3    Pui, D.H.Y.4    Shin, W.G.5
  • 22
    • 0012190864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical direct-reading techniques: Light intensity systems
    • Baron P, Willeke K, editors, New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp
    • Gebhart J. 2001. Optical direct-reading techniques: Light intensity systems. In: Baron P, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp 419-454.
    • (2001) Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications , pp. 419-454
    • Gebhart, J.1
  • 23
    • 34147179818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the potential risks posed by engineered nanoparticles
    • HM Government, report. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
    • HM Government. 2005. Characterizing the potential risks posed by engineered nanoparticles. A first UK government research report. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs.
    • (2005) A first UK government research
  • 27
    • 27744577861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of aerosol surface area instruments in transition regime
    • Jung H, Kittelson DB. 2005. Characterization of aerosol surface area instruments in transition regime. Aerosol Sci Tech 39:902-911.
    • (2005) Aerosol Sci Tech , vol.39 , pp. 902-911
    • Jung, H.1    Kittelson, D.B.2
  • 29
    • 0037175036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low
    • Health Pt A
    • Kreyling WG, Semmler M, Erbe F, Mayer P, Takenaka S, Schulz H, Oberdörster G, Ziesenis A. 2002. Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low. J Toxicol Env Health Pt A 65(20):1513-1530.
    • (2002) J Toxicol Env , vol.65 , Issue.20 , pp. 1513-1530
    • Kreyling, W.G.1    Semmler, M.2    Erbe, F.3    Mayer, P.4    Takenaka, S.5    Schulz, H.6    Oberdörster, G.7    Ziesenis, A.8
  • 30
    • 23644432045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing aerosol surface-area measurement of monodisperse ultrafine silver agglomerates using mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy and diffusion charging
    • Ku BK, Maynard AD. 2005. Comparing aerosol surface-area measurement of monodisperse ultrafine silver agglomerates using mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy and diffusion charging. J Aerosol Sci 36(9):1108-1124.
    • (2005) J Aerosol Sci , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 1108-1124
    • Ku, B.K.1    Maynard, A.D.2
  • 31
    • 5444241183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number size distribution, mass concentration, and particle composition of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in bag filling areas of carbon black production
    • Kuhlbusch TAJ, Neumann S, Fissan H. 2004. Number size distribution, mass concentration, and particle composition of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in bag filling areas of carbon black production. J Occup Environ Hyg 1(10):660-671.
    • (2004) J Occup Environ Hyg , vol.1 , Issue.10 , pp. 660-671
    • Kuhlbusch, T.A.J.1    Neumann, S.2    Fissan, H.3
  • 32
    • 0030828825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of particle surface area on the toxicity of insoluble manganese dioxide dusts
    • Lison D, Lardot C, Huaux F, Zanetti G, Fubini B. 1997. Influence of particle surface area on the toxicity of insoluble manganese dioxide dusts. Arch Toxicol 71(12):725-729.
    • (1997) Arch Toxicol , vol.71 , Issue.12 , pp. 725-729
    • Lison, D.1    Lardot, C.2    Huaux, F.3    Zanetti, G.4    Fubini, B.5
  • 33
    • 0037542767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of lung injury caused by PM10 and ultrafine particles with special reference to COPD
    • MacNee W, Donaldson K. 2003. Mechanism of lung injury caused by PM10 and ultrafine particles with special reference to COPD. Eur Resp J 21:47S-51.
    • (2003) Eur Resp J , vol.21
    • MacNee, W.1    Donaldson, K.2
  • 34
    • 0022588080 scopus 로고
    • A new personal sampler for airborne total dust in workplaces
    • Mark D, Vincent JH. 1986. A new personal sampler for airborne total dust in workplaces. Ann Occup Hyg 30(1):89-102.
    • (1986) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-102
    • Mark, D.1    Vincent, J.H.2
  • 35
    • 34147174754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maynard AD. 2006. Nanotechnology: A research strategy for addressing risk, PEN 03 Washington DC, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies.
    • Maynard AD. 2006. Nanotechnology: A research strategy for addressing risk, PEN 03 Washington DC, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies.
  • 37
    • 28844461753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • editors. Aerosols handbook. Measurement, dosimetry and health effects. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp
    • Maynard AD, Baron PA. 2004. Aerosols in the industrial environment. In: Ruzer LS, Harley NH, editors. Aerosols handbook. Measurement, dosimetry and health effects. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp 225-264.
    • (2004) Aerosols in the industrial environment , pp. 225-264
    • Maynard, A.D.1    Baron, P.A.2
  • 38
    • 0347933177 scopus 로고
    • Overview of methods for analysing single ultrafine particles. Philosophical Transact Royal Soc London Ser A - Mathematical Phys Engineering
    • Maynard AD, Brown LM. 2000. Overview of methods for analysing single ultrafine particles. Philosophical Transact Royal Soc London Ser A - Mathematical Phys Engineering Sci 358(1775):2593-2609.
    • (1775) Sci , vol.358 , pp. 2593-2609
    • Maynard, A.D.1    Brown, L.M.2
  • 39
    • 3042572655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol measurement in the workplace
    • Baron PA, Willeke K, editors, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp
    • Maynard AD, Jensen PA. 2001. Aerosol measurement in the workplace. In: Baron PA, Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp 779-799.
    • (2001) Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques and applications , pp. 779-799
    • Maynard, A.D.1    Jensen, P.A.2
  • 40
    • 33845963717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring particle size-dependent physicochemical structure in airborne single walled carbon nanotube agglomerates
    • Maynard AD, Ku BK, Emery M, Stolzenburg M, McMurry PH. 2007. Measuring particle size-dependent physicochemical structure in airborne single walled carbon nanotube agglomerates. J Nanopart Res 9(1):85-92.
    • (2007) J Nanopart Res , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-92
    • Maynard, A.D.1    Ku, B.K.2    Emery, M.3    Stolzenburg, M.4    McMurry, P.H.5
  • 41
    • 28844499975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne nanostructured particles and occupational health
    • Maynard AD, Kuempel ED. 2005. Airborne nanostructured particles and occupational health. J Nanopart Res 7(6):587-614.
    • (2005) J Nanopart Res , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 587-614
    • Maynard, A.D.1    Kuempel, E.D.2
  • 42
    • 0035024726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine beryllium aerosol as a possible metric for chronic beryllium disease
    • McCawley MA, Kent MS, Berakis MT. 2001. Ultrafine beryllium aerosol as a possible metric for chronic beryllium disease. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 16:631-638.
    • (2001) Appl Occup Environ Hyg , vol.16 , pp. 631-638
    • McCawley, M.A.1    Kent, M.S.2    Berakis, M.T.3
  • 43
    • 0031799746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asbestosis and silicosis
    • Mossman B, Churg A. 1998. Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asbestosis and silicosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1666-1680.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1666-1680
    • Mossman, B.1    Churg, A.2
  • 44
    • 33846024225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Updated June 2006
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2006. Approaches to safe nanotechnology. An information exchange with NIOSH. Updated June 2006, www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech Atlanta GA: NIOSH.
    • (2006) Approaches to safe nanotechnology. An information exchange with NIOSH
  • 45
    • 34147137644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Science and Technology Council NSET, Washington DC, Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology, Committee on Technology, NSET
    • National Science and Technology Council (NSET). 2006. Environmental, health and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials, Washington DC, Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology, Committee on Technology, NSET.
    • (2006) Environmental, health and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials
  • 46
    • 0034369123 scopus 로고
    • Toxicology of ultrafine particles: In vivo studies
    • Oberdörster G. 2000. Toxicology of ultrafine particles: In vivo studies. Phil Trans Roy Soc London Series A 358(1775):2719-2740.
    • (1775) Phil Trans Roy Soc London Series A , vol.358 , pp. 2719-2740
    • Oberdörster, G.1
  • 47
    • 0029171054 scopus 로고
    • Association of particulate air pollution and acute mortality: Involvement of ultrafine particles?
    • Oberdörster G, Gelein RM, Ferin J, Weiss B. 1995. Association of particulate air pollution and acute mortality: involvement of ultrafine particles? Inhal Toxicol 7:111-124.
    • (1995) Inhal Toxicol , vol.7 , pp. 111-124
    • Oberdörster, G.1    Gelein, R.M.2    Ferin, J.3    Weiss, B.4
  • 49
    • 20644449754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles
    • Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J. 2005b. Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 13(117):823-840.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.13 , Issue.117 , pp. 823-840
    • Oberdörster, G.1    Oberdörster, E.2    Oberdörster, J.3
  • 51
    • 0030763454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ultrafine and fine particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children with asthmatic symptoms
    • Pekkanen J, Timonen KL, Ruuskanen J, Reponen A, Mirme A. 1997. Effects of ultrafine and fine particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children with asthmatic symptoms. Environ Res 74(1):24-33.
    • (1997) Environ Res , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-33
    • Pekkanen, J.1    Timonen, K.L.2    Ruuskanen, J.3    Reponen, A.4    Mirme, A.5
  • 54
    • 0027341298 scopus 로고
    • The mobility and structure of aerosol agglomerates
    • Rogak SN, Flagan RC, Nguyen HV. 1993. The mobility and structure of aerosol agglomerates. Aerosol Sci Technol 18(1):25-47.
    • (1993) Aerosol Sci Technol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-47
    • Rogak, S.N.1    Flagan, R.C.2    Nguyen, H.V.3
  • 56
    • 34147135948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering (RS/RAE). 2004. Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: Opportunities and uncertainties, London, UK: RS/RAE.
    • The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering (RS/RAE). 2004. Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: Opportunities and uncertainties, London, UK: RS/RAE.
  • 57
    • 0028997812 scopus 로고
    • Short term fluctuations in air pollution and hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease
    • Schwartz J. 1995. Short term fluctuations in air pollution and hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease. Thorax 50:531-538.
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 531-538
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 58
    • 0030272194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?
    • Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. 1996. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manage Assoc 46(10):927-939.
    • (1996) J Air Waste Manage Assoc , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 927-939
    • Schwartz, J.1    Dockery, D.W.2    Neas, L.M.3
  • 59
    • 0027394237 scopus 로고
    • Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle
    • Schwartz J, Slater D, Larson TV, Pierson WE, Koenig JQ. 1993. Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:826-831.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.147 , pp. 826-831
    • Schwartz, J.1    Slater, D.2    Larson, T.V.3    Pierson, W.E.4    Koenig, J.Q.5
  • 60
    • 0025987735 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and acute respiratory illness in five German communities
    • Schwartz J, Spix C, Wichmann HE, Malin E. 1991. Air pollution and acute respiratory illness in five German communities. Environ Res 56:1-4.
    • (1991) Environ Res , vol.56 , pp. 1-4
    • Schwartz, J.1    Spix, C.2    Wichmann, H.E.3    Malin, E.4
  • 61
    • 0028887339 scopus 로고
    • Particulate air pollution and acute health effects
    • Seaton A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Godden D. 1995. Particulate air pollution and acute health effects. Lancet 345:176-178.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 176-178
    • Seaton, A.1    MacNee, W.2    Donaldson, K.3    Godden, D.4
  • 62
    • 0035153846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ambient particle surface area measurement by epiphaniometer and SMPS/APS
    • Shi JP, Harrison RM, Evans D. 2001. Comparison of ambient particle surface area measurement by epiphaniometer and SMPS/APS. Atmos Environ 35:6193-6200.
    • (2001) Atmos Environ , vol.35 , pp. 6193-6200
    • Shi, J.P.1    Harrison, R.M.2    Evans, D.3
  • 63
    • 33845923980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration and numerical simulation of Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (TSI Model 3550 NSAM)
    • Shin WG, Pui DHY, Fissan H, Neumann S, Trampe A. 2007. Calibration and numerical simulation of Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (TSI Model 3550 NSAM). J Nanopart Res 9(1):61-69.
    • (2007) J Nanopart Res , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Shin, W.G.1    Pui, D.H.Y.2    Fissan, H.3    Neumann, S.4    Trampe, A.5
  • 64
    • 0004772272 scopus 로고
    • A diffraction size-frequency analyser with automatic recording of size-frequency distributions and total and respirable surface areas
    • Talbot JH. 1966. A diffraction size-frequency analyser with automatic recording of size-frequency distributions and total and respirable surface areas. J Sci Instrum 43:744-749.
    • (1966) J Sci Instrum , vol.43 , pp. 744-749
    • Talbot, J.H.1
  • 65
    • 28844507993 scopus 로고
    • Automated dust measurement: The diffraction size-frequency analyser
    • Talbot JH. 1967. Automated dust measurement: The diffraction size-frequency analyser. J Mine Vent Soc S Afr 20:21-30.
    • (1967) J Mine Vent Soc S Afr , vol.20 , pp. 21-30
    • Talbot, J.H.1
  • 66
    • 0033646585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation of poorly soluble particles. II. Influence of particle surface area on inflammation and clearance
    • Tran CL, Buchanan D, Cullen RT, Searl A, Jones AD, Donaldson K. 2000. Inhalation of poorly soluble particles. II. Influence of particle surface area on inflammation and clearance. Inhalat Toxicol 12(12):1113-1126.
    • (2000) Inhalat Toxicol , vol.12 , Issue.12 , pp. 1113-1126
    • Tran, C.L.1    Buchanan, D.2    Cullen, R.T.3    Searl, A.4    Jones, A.D.5    Donaldson, K.6
  • 67
    • 0032079707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol instrumentation in occupational hygiene: An historical perspective
    • Walton HW, Vincent JH. 1998. Aerosol instrumentation in occupational hygiene: An historical perspective. Aerosol Sci Tech 28:417-438.
    • (1998) Aerosol Sci Tech , vol.28 , pp. 417-438
    • Walton, H.W.1    Vincent, J.H.2
  • 68
    • 33645823891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary instillation studies with nanoscale TiO2 rods and dots in rats: Toxicity is not dependent upon particle size and surface area
    • Warheit DB, Webb TR, Sayes CM, Colvin VL, Reed KL. 2006. Pulmonary instillation studies with nanoscale TiO2 rods and dots in rats: Toxicity is not dependent upon particle size and surface area. Toxicol Sci 91(1):227-236.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 227-236
    • Warheit, D.B.1    Webb, T.R.2    Sayes, C.M.3    Colvin, V.L.4    Reed, K.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.