Percolation and high energy cosmic rays above 1017 eV

Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 271-277

  Alvarez Muniz J ^a   Brogueira, P ^b   Conceicao R ^c   Dias de Deus, J ^b   Espirito Santo M C ^b,c   Pimenta, M ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO   (Portugal)

^c LIP   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Elongation rate; Extensive air showers; High energy cosmic rays; Muons; Percolation

Indexed keywords

ASTROPHYSICS; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; ONE DIMENSIONAL; PLASMA COLLISION PROCESSES;

ELONGATION RATE; EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS; HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS; MUONS;

COSMIC RAYS;

EID: 33947493096     PISSN: 09276505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.11.006     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Shanta T. Nucl. Phys. B 75A (1999) 27
2. Asakamori K., et al. Astrophys. J. 502 (1998) 278
3. M.L. Cherry, et al., in: Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Salt Lake City, vol. 3, 1999, p. 163.
4. Linsley J., and Scarsi L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 (1962) 123
5. Fukui S., et al. Prog. Theor. Phys. N6 Suppl. (1960) 1
6. J. Linsley, in: Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Bangalore, vol. 12, 1983, p. 135.
7. Watson, and Walker. J. Phys. G 7 (1981) 1297
8. H.E. Bergeson, J.W. Elbert, et al., in: 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Kyoto, vol. 8 1979, pp. 166 and 167.
9. Baltrusaitis R.M., et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 240 (1985) 410
10. Nagano M., and Watson A.A. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 (2000) 689 and references therein
11. Nagano M., Heck D., Shinozaki K., Inoue N., and Knapp J. Astropart. Phys. 13 (2000) 277
12. Abbassi R., et al. Astrophys. J. 622 (2005) 910
13. Jones L.W. Nucl. Phys. B 75A (1999) 54
14. A.S. Chou. Available from: .
15. Dias de Deus J., Espirito Santo M.C., Pimenta M., and Pajares C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 162001
16. Antoni T., et al. Astropart. Phys. 14 (2001) 245
17. Apel W.D., et al. Astropart. Phys. 24 (2006) 467
18. Chiba N., et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 311 (1992) 338
19. Hayashida N., et al. J. Phys. G 21 (1995) 1101
20. N. Hayashida et al., in: Proc. 25th ICRC, Durban, vol. 4, 1997, p. 145.
21. Abu-Zayyad T., et al., HIRES-MIA Collaboration. Astrophys. J. 557 (2001) 686. Available from:
22. Knapp J., et al. Nucl. Phys. B - Proc. Suppl. 52B (1997) 136
23. O. Heck et al., Nucl. Phys. B - Proc. Suppl. 52B, 139.
24. Dawson B.R., Meyhandan R., and Simpson K.M. Astropart. Phys. 9 (1998) 331
25. Heitler M. Quantum Theory of Radiation (1944), Oxford University Press
26. J. Linsley, in: Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Kyoto, vol. 9, 1979, p. 274.
27. Anchordoqui L., Dova M.T., Mariazzi A., McCauley T., Paul T., Reucroft S., and Swain J. Ann. Phys. 314 (2004) 145
28. Gaisser T.K., Protheroe R.J., Turver K.E., and Mccomb T.J.L. Rev. Mod. Phys. 50 (1978) 859
29. Matthews J. Astropart. Phys. 22 (2005) 387
30. Gaisser T.K. Cosmic Rays Particle Physics (1990), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
31. Alvarez-Muñiz J., Engel R., Gaisser T.K., Ortiz J.A., and Stanev T. Phys. Rev. D 66 (2002) 033011
32. Kopeliovich B.Z., Nikolaev N.N., and Potashnikova I.K. Phys. Rev. D 39 (1989) 769
33. Capella A., Sukhatme U., Tan C.I., and Tran Thanh Van J. Phys. Rep. 236 (1994) 225
34. Ranft J. Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 64
35. Durand L., and Pi H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 (1987) 303
36. H.J. Drescher, A. Dumitru, M. Strikman. Available from: .
37. S. Ostapchenko. Available from: .
38. Mishustin I.N., and Kapusta J.L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 112501
39. Fletcher R.S., Gaisser T.K., Lipari P., and Stanev T. Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 054030
40. Kalmykov N.N., Ostapchenko S.S., and Pavlov A.I. Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 52B (1997) 17
41. Amelin N.S., Braun M.A., and Pajares C. Phys. Lett. B 306 (1993) 312
42. Amelin N.S., Braun M.A., and Pajares C. Z. Phys. C 63 (1994) 507
43. Braun M.A., and Pajares C. Eur. Phys. J. C 16 (2000) 349
44. Braun M.A., and Pajares C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 4864
45. Pajares C., Sousa D., and Vásquez R.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1674
46. Braun M.A., Ferreiro E.G., del Moral F., and Pajares C. Eur. Phys. J. C 25 (2000) 249
47. H.J. Drescher. Available from: .
48. Takeda M., et al. Astropart. Phys. 19 (2003) 447