Percolation effects in very-high-energy cosmic rays

Physical Review Letters

Volumn 96, Issue 16, 2006, Pages

  De Deus, J Dias ^a   Santo, M C Espírito ^a   Pimenta, M ^a   Pajares, C ^b  

^a INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETECTORS; ELASTICITY; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS; PERCOLATION (SOLID STATE);

COMPOSITION CHANGE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTORS; PERCOLATION EFFECTS;

COSMIC RAYS;

EID: 33646361336     PISSN: 00319007     EISSN: 10797114     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.162001     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. M. Nagano and A.A. Watson, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 689 (2000). RMPHAT 0034-6861 10.1103/RevModPhys.72.689
2. L. Anchordoqui, M.T. Dova, and A. Mariazzi, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 314, 145 (2004). APNYA6 0003-4916 10.1016/j.aop.2004.07.003
3. N.S. Amelin, M.A. Braun, and C. Pajares, Phys. Lett. B 306, 312 (1993); PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(93)90085-V
4. N.S. Amelin, M.A. Braun, and C. Pajares, Z. Phys. C 63, 507 (1994); ZPCFD2 0170-9739 10.1007/BF01580331
5. N. Armesto, M.A. Braun, E.G. Ferreiro, and C. Pajares, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3736 (1996); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3736
6. M.A. Braun and C. Pajares, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4864 (2000); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4864
7. M. Nardi and H. Satz, Phys. Lett. B 442, 14 (1998). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01234-9
8. J. Dias de Deus and R. Ugoccioni, Phys. Lett. B 491, 253 (2000); PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01055-8
9. J. Dias de Deus R. Ugoccioni Phys. Lett. B 494, 53 (2000). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01183-7
10. B.Z. Kopeliovich, N.N. Nikolaev, and I.K. Potashnikova, Phys. Rev. D 39, 769 (1989). PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.39.769
11. A. Capella, U. Sukhatme, C.I. Tan, and J. Tran Thanh Van, Phys. Rep. 236, PRPLCM 0370-1573 225 (1994); 10.1016/0370-1573(94)90064-7
12. A. Capella, J. Casado, C. Pajares, A.V. Ramallo, and J. Tran Thanh Van, Z. Phys. D 33, ZDACE2 0178-7683 541 (1987);
13. A. Capella, C. Pajares, and A.V. Ramallo, Nucl. Phys. NUPBBO 0550-3213 B241, 75 (1984); 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90198-6
14. J. Ranft, Phys. Rev. D 51, 64 (1995); PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.51.64
15. A.B. Kaidalov, K.A. Ter-Martirosian, and Yu.M. Shabelski, Yad. Fiz. 43, 1282 (1986); IDFZA7 0044-0027
16. N.N. Kalmykov and S.S. Ostapchenko, Phys. At. Nucl. PANUEO 1063-7788 56, 346 (1993);
17. K. Werner, Phys. Rep. PRPLCM 0370-1573 232, 87 (1993). 10.1016/0370-1573(93)90078-R
18. L. Durand and H. Pi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 303 (1987); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.303
19. L. Durand H. Pi Phys. Rev. D 40, 1436 (1989); PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.40.1436
20. T.K. Gaisser and F. Halzen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1754 (1985); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1754
21. X.N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D 44, 3501 (1991); PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.44.3501
22. T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev, Phys. Lett. B 219, 375 (1989); PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(89)90407-3
23. J. Dias de Deus, Jan Kwiecinski, and M. Pimenta, Phys. Lett. B 202, 397 (1988). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(88)90493-5
24. H.J. Drescher, A. Dumitru, and M. Strikman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 231801 (2005); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.231801
25. H.J. Drescher, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. NPBSE7 0920-5632 151, 163 (2006). 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.030
26. S. Ostapchenko, hep-ph/0501093.
27. I.N. Mishustin and J.I. Kapusta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 112501 (2002). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.112501
28. V. Canoa, N. Armesto, C. Pajares, and R.A. Vasquez, Astropart. Phys. 23, 435 (2005). APHYEE 0927-6505 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2005.02.005
29. M.B. Isichenko, Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 961 (1992). RMPHAT 0034-6861 10.1103/RevModPhys.64.961
30. J. Dias de Deus and A. Rodrigues, hep-ph/0308011.
31. A. Rodrigues, R. Ugoccioni, and J. Dias de Deus, Phys. Lett. B 458, 402 (1999). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00626-7
32. J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. PHRVAO 0031-899X 82, 664 (1951); 10.1103/PhysRev.82.664
33. T.S. Biro, H.B. Nielsen, and J. Knoll, Nucl. Phys. NUPBBO 0550-3213 B245, 449 (1984); 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90441-3
34. B. Andersen, The Lund Model (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1998).
35. M.B. Braun, F. del Moral, and C. Pajares, Phys. Rev. C 65, 024907 (2002). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024907
36. K. Adcox (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. NUPABL 0375-9474 A757, 184 (2005). 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086
37. M.B. Braun, E.G. Ferreiro, F. del Moral, and C. Pajares, Eur. Phys. J. C 25, 249 (2002). EPCFFB 1434-6044
38. J.L. Albacete, N. Armesto, T.G. Milhano, C.A. Salgado, and U.A. Wiedemann, Phys. Rev. D 71, 014003 (2005); PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.71. 014003
39. N. Armesto, C.A. Salgado, and U.A. Wiedemann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 022002 (2005). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.022002
40. W. Thome, Nucl. Phys. NUPBBO 0550-3213 B129, 365 (1977); 10.1016/0550-3213(77)90122-5
41. G.J. Alves, Z. Phys. C 33, 1 (1986); ZPCFD2 0170-9739 10.1007/BF01410446
42. F. Abe, Phys. Rev. D 41, 2330 (1990). PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.41.2330
43. J. Dias de Deus, J. Kwiecinski, and M. Pimenta, Phys. Lett. B 202, 397 (1988). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(88)90493-5
44. A. Krzywicki and B. Petersson, Phys. Rev. D 6, 924 (1972). PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.6.924
45. C. Pryke and L. Voyvodic, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 75A, SPBSE7B 0920-5632 365 (1999). 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00293-5
46. R.S. Fletcher, Phys. Rev. D 50, 5710 (1994). PRVDAQ 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.5710
47. N.N. Kalmykov, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. NPBSE7 0920-5632 52, 17 (1997). 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00846-8
48. J. Knapp, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. NPBSE7 0920-5632 52, 136 (1997); 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00867-5
49. D. Heck, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. NPBSE7 0920-5632 52, 139 (1997). 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00870-5