Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Current Osteoporosis Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 14-21

  Curtis, Jeffrey R ^a   Saag, Kenneth G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; ALFACALCIDOL; BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCITRIOL; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CARBONATE; COLECALCIFEROL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; ESTROGEN; ETIDRONIC ACID; FARNOQUINONE; GLUCOCORTICOID; IBANDRONIC ACID; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; OSTEOPROTEGERIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN K GROUP;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ASTHMA; BONE DENSITY; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COUNSELING; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIET THERAPY; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; EXERCISE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INSOMNIA; INTERNET; LONG TERM CARE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUMBAR SPINE; MEDICAL SOCIETY; META ANALYSIS; MONOTHERAPY; MOOD CHANGE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NONHUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC DISEASE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK REDUCTION; SIDE EFFECT; SMOKING CESSATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VERTEBRA FRACTURE; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WEIGHT BEARING; WEIGHT GAIN;

ALENDRONATE; BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENTS; CALCIUM; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIPHOSPHONATES; ETIDRONIC ACID; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; MALE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; RHEUMATIC DISEASES; TIME FACTORS; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN K;

EID: 33947417650     PISSN: 15441873     EISSN: 15442241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02938618     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Kirwan JR, Arthritis and Rheumatism Council Low Dose Glucocorticoid Study Group: The effect of glucocorticoids on joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:142-146.
2. van Everdingen AA, Jacobs JWG, van Reesema DR, Bijlsma JWJ: Low dose prednisone therapy for patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis: clinical efficacy, disease modifying properties and side effects. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:1-12.
3. Bijlsma JW, Hoes JN, van Everdingen AA, et al.: Are glucocorticoids DMARDs? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1069:268-274.
4. Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al.: Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med 1994, 96:115-123.
5. Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison J, et al.: Population-based assessment of adverse events associated with long-term glucocorticoid use. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 55:420-426.
6. •• de Nijs RN, Jacobs JW, Lems WF, et al.: Alendronate or alfacalcidol in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:675-684. Randomized controlled trial comparing alendronate versus activated vitamin D among low-dose glucocorticoid users.
7. van Staa TP, Geusens P, Bijlsma JW, et al.: Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54:3104-3112.
8. van Staa T, Leufkens H, Abenhaim L, et al.: Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:993-1000.
9. Da Silva JA, Jacobs JW, Kirwan JR, et al.: Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:285-293.
10. Adachi JD, Olszynski WP, Hanley DA, et al.: Management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis [review]. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000, 29:228-251.
11. Adler R, Hochberg MC: Suggested guidelines for evaluation and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis for the Department of Veterans Affairs. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:2619-2624.
12. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 2001, 44:1496-1503.
13. Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain: Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment. London: Royal College of Physicians of London; 2002.
14. Geusens P, de Nijs RNJ, Lems WF, et al.: Prevention of glucocorticoid osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Dutch Society for Rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis 2004, 63:324-325.
15. • Devogelaer JP, Goemaere S, Boonen S, et al.: Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteoporos Int 2006, 17:8-19. Comprehensive evidence synthesis and updated recommendations regarding GIOP management.
16. Nawata H, Soen S, Takayanagi R, et al.: Guidelines on the management and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis of the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (2004). J Bone Miner Metab 2005, 23:105-109.
17. Lane N, Goldring S, Stewart J, Morris S: Biochemical markers of bone turnover in glucocorticoid treated patients are altered by calcium supplementation: preliminary results from the ACTIVATE trial. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:S498.
18. Sambrook PN: Corticosteroid osteoporosis: practical implications of recent trials. J Bone Min Res 2000, 15:1645-1649.
19. Amin S, LaValley MP, Simms RW, Felson DT: The role of vitamin D in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1740-1751.
20. Wallach S, Cohen S, Reid DM, et al.: Effects of risedronate treatment on bone density and vertebral fracture in patients on corticosteroid therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2000, 67:277-285.
21. Adachi R, Saag K, Emkey R, et al.: Effects of alendronate for two years on BMD and fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Arthritis Rheum 2001, 44:202-211.
22. Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer T, et al.: Alendronate for the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:292-299.
23. Reid DM, Hughes R, Laan RF: Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in men and women: a randomized trial. J Bone Min Res 2000, 15:1006-1013.
24. Sambrook P, Birmingham J, Kelly P, et al.: Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis. A comparison of calcium, calcitriol, and calcitonin. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1747-1752.
25. Dykman T, Haralson K, Gluck O, et al.: Effect of oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium on glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1984, 27:1336-1343.
26. Braun JJ, Birkenhager-Frenkel DH, Rietveld AH, et al.: Influence of 1 alpha-(OH)D3 administration on bone and bone mineral metabolism in patients on chronic glucocorticoid treatment; a double blind controlled study. Clin Endocrinol 1983, 18:265-273.
27. Reginster JY, Kuntz D, Verdickt W, et al.: Prophylactic use of alfacalcidol in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999, 9:75-81.
28. Bijlsma JWJ, Raymakers JA, Mosch C, et al.: Effect of oral calcium and vitamin D on glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. Clin Exper Rheumatol 1988, 6:113-119.
29. Richy F, Ethgen O, Bruyere O, Reginster JY: Efficacy of alphacalcidol and calcitriol in primary and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of their effects on bone mineral density and fracture rate. Osteoporos Int 2004, 15:301-310.
30. Richy F, Schacht E, Bruyere O, et al.: Vitamin D analogs versus native vitamin D in preventing bone loss and osteoporosis-related fractures: a comparative meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2005, 76:176-186.
31. • de Nijs RN, Jacobs JW, Algra A, et al.: Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with active vitamin D3 analogues: a review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials including organ transplantation studies. Osteoporos Int 2004, 15:589-602. Meta-analyses comparing the effects of vitamin D preparations with the effects of calcium alone, no treatment, and bisphosphonates on BMD change and the risk of fractures.
32. Ringe J, Coster A, Meng T, et al.: Treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalcidol/calcium versus vitamin D/calcium. Calcif Tissue Int 1999, 65:337-340.
33. Ringe J, Dorst A, Faber H, et al.: Superiority of alfacalcidol over plain vitamin D in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rheumatology Int 2004, 24:63-70.
34. Sambrook PN, Kotowicz M, Nash P, et al.: Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a comparison of calcitriol, vitamin D plus calcium, and alendronate plus calcium. J Bone Miner Res 2003, 18:919-924.
35. Lems WF, Lodder MC, Lips P, et al.: Positive effect of alendronate on bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on chronic treatment with low-dose prednisone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2006, 17:716-723.
36. Cohen S, Levy RM, Keller M, et al.: Risedronate therapy prevents corticosteroid-induced bone loss: A twelve-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:2309-2318.
37. Emkey R, Delmas PD, Goemaere S, et al.: Changes in bone mineral density following discontinuation or continuation of alendronate therapy in glucocorticoid-treated patients: a retrospective, observational study. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:1102-1108.
38. Ringe JD, Dorst A, Faber H, et al.: Intermittent intravenous ibandronate injections reduce vertebral fracture risk in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: results from a long-term comparative study. Osteoporos Int 2003, 14:801-807.
39. Ringe JD, Dorst A, Faber H, et al.: Three-monthly ibandronate bolus injection offers favourable tolerability and sustained efficacy advantage over two years in established corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003, 42:743-749.
40. Campbell IA, Douglas JG, Francis RM, et al.: Five year study of etidronate and/or calcium as prevention and treatment for osteoporosis and fractures in patients with asthma receiving long term oral and/or inhaled glucocorticoids. Thorax 2004, 59:761-768.
41. van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Cooper C: Use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2001, 16:581-588.
42. Lane N, Sanchez S, Modin G, et al.: Bone mass continues to increase at the hip after parathyroid hormone treatment is discontinued in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bone Min Res 2000, 15:944-951.
43. Lane NE, Sanchez S, Modin GW, et al.: Parathyroid hormone treatment can reverse corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Invest 1998, 102:1627-1633.
44. Oxlund H, Ortoft G, Thomsen JS, et al.: The anabolic effect of PTH on bone is attenuated by simultaneous glucocorticoid treatment. Bone 2006, 39:244-252.
45. Rehman Q, Lang T, Arnaud C, et al.: Daily treatment with parathyroid hormone is associated with an increase in vertebral cross-sectional area in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2003, 14:77-81.
46. Shiraki M, Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M: Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:515-521.
47. Koshihara Y, Hoshi K, Okawara R, et al.: Vitamin K stimulates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cell culture. J Endocrinol 2003, 176:339-348.
48. Yonemura K, Kimura M, Miyaji T, Hishida A: Short-term effect of vitamin K administration on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2000, 66:123-128.
49. Sasaki N, Kusano E, Takahashi H, et al.: Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG). J Bone Miner Metab 2005, 23:41-47.
50. Sasaki N, Kusano E, Ando Y, et al.: Glucocorticoid decreases circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG): possible mechanism for glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001, 16:479-482.
51. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, et al.: Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 1999, 140:4382-4389.
52. van Everdingen A A, Siewertsz van Reesema DR, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW: Low-dose glucocorticoids in early rheumatoid arthritis: discordant effects on bone mineral density and fractures? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003, 21:155-160.
53. van Staa T, Leufkens H, Cooper C: The epidemiology of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2002, 13:777-787.
54. van Staa TP, Laan RF, Barton IP, et al.: Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:3224-3229.
55. van Staa TP, Leufkens HGM, Abenhaim L, et al.: Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: relationship to daily and cumulative doses. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000, 39:1383-1389.
56. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines: Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:1791-1801.
57. van Staa T, Eastell R, Barton IP, et al.: The value of bone turnover markers in the prediction of vertebral fracture in patients using oral glucocorticoids [abstract]. J Bone Miner Res 2003, 18:S66.
58. Eastell R, Barton I, Hannon R, et al.: Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate. J Bone Miner Res 2003, 18:1051-1056.
59. Simonelli C, Killeen K, Mehle S, Swanson L: Barriers to osteoporosis identification and treatment among primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons. Mayo Clin Proc 2002, 77:334-338.
60. • van Staa TP, Geusens P, Zhang B, et al.: Individual fracture risk and the cost-effectiveness of bisphosphonates in patients using oral glucocorticoids. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006, Epub ahead of print. Identifies subgroups of patients using long-term glucocorticoids for whom prescription therapy for GIOP is likely to be most cost-effective.
61. • Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison JJ, et al.: Channeling and adherence with alendronate and risedronate among chronic glucocorticoid users. Osteoporos Int 2006, 17:1268-1274. Highlights poor long-term compliance with bisphosphonate therapy among long-term glucocorticoid users.
62. Walsh LJ, Wong CA, Pringle M, Tattersfield AE: Use of oral corticosteroids in the community and the prevention of secondary osteoporosis: a cross sectional study. BMJ 1996, 313:344-346.
63. Buckley LM, Marquez M, Feezor R, et al.: Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: results of a patient survey. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1736-1739.
64. Mudano A, Allison J, Hill J, et al.: Variations in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis prevention in a managed care cohort. J Rheumatol 2001, 28:1298-1305.
65. Gudbjornsson B, Juliusson UI, Gudjonsson FV: Prevalence of long term steroid treatment and the frequency of decision making to prevent steroid induced osteoporosis in daily clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2002, 61:32-36.
66. Solomon DH, Katz J, Jacobs JW, et al.: Management of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:3136-3142.
67. Ramsey-Goldman R: Missed opportunities in physician management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:3115-3120.
68. Saag KG, Gehlbach SH, Curtis JR, et al.: Trends in prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 2006, 33:1651-1657.
69. Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison JJ, et al.: Longitudinal patterns in the prevention of osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated patients. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:2485-2494.
70. Chantler IW, Davie MW, Evans SF, Rees JS: Oral corticosteroid prescribing in women over 50, use of fracture prevention therapy, and bone densitometry service. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:350-352.
71. Rosen HN, Rosenblatt M: Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In UpToDate, vol. 11, no. 1. Edited by Rose B. Wellesley, MA: UpToDate; 2003.
72. Buckley LM, Marquez M, Hudson JO, et al.: Variations in physician perceptions of the risk of osteoporosis in corticosteroid users by physician specialty. J Rheumatol 1998, 25:2195-2202.
73. Blalock SJ, Norton LL, Patel RA, Dooley MA: Patient knowledge, beliefs, and behavior concerning the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 53:732-739.
74. Liu RH, Albrecht J, Werth VP: Cross-sectional study of bisphosphonate use in dermatology patients receiving long-term oral corticosteroid therapy. Arch Dermatol 2006, 142:37-41.
75. Naunton M, Peterson GM, Jones G, et al.: Multifaceted educational program increases prescribing of preventive medication for corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:550-556.
76. Solomon DH, Katz JN, La Tourette AM, Coblyn JS: Multifaceted intervention to improve rheumatologists' management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 51:383-387.
77. McDonough RP, Doucette WR, Kumbera P, Klepser DG: An evaluation of managing and educating patients on the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Value Health 2005, 8:24-31.
78. Kiefe CI, Allison JJ, Williams OD, et al.: Improving quality improvement using achievable benchmarks for physician feedback: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001, 285:2871-2879.
79. Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison JJ, et al.: Challenges in improving the quality of osteoporosis care for long term glucocorticoid users: a prospective, randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. In press.