Universities and the public recognition of expertise

Minerva

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 49-61

  Arnoldi, Jakob ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947272723     PISSN: 00264695     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11024-006-9028-5     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Michael Gibbons, Camille Limoges, Helga Nowotny, Simon Schwartzman, Peter Scott, and Martin Trow, The New Production of Knowledge (London: Sage, 1994);
2. Helga Nowotny, The Production of Knowledge Beyond the Academy and the Market: A Reply to Dominique Pestre', Science, Technology and Society, 5 (2), (2000), 183-194;
3. Helga Nowotny, Peter Scott, and Michael Gibbons, Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001);
4. Andrew Rich, The Politics of Expertise in Congress and the News Media', Social Science Quarterly, 82 (3), (2001), 583-601;
5. and Helga Nowotny, Peter Scott, and Michael Gibbons, 'Introduction: "Mode 2" Revisited: The New Production of Knowledge', Minerva, 41 (3), (2003), 179-194.
6. Nico Stehr, Knowledge Societies (London: Sage, 1994), 99.
7. Nowotny et al., op. cit. note 1;
8. Gibbons et al., op. cit. note 1.
9. Nowotny et al., op. cit. note 1;
10. Nowotny, Transgressive Competence', European Journal of Social Theory, 3 (1), (2000), 5-21.
11. Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990);
12. Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991), especially 3, 18-19;
13. Ulrich Beck, World Risk Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999), 79;
14. Ulrich Beck, Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne (Frankfuhrt: Suhrkamp, 1986), 254-300;
15. Niklas Luhmann, Risk: A Sociological Theory (New York: De Gruyter, 1993), 28;
16. Alan Irwin, 'Constructing the Scientific Citizen', Public Understanding of Science 10 (1), (2001), 1-18 .
17. Nowotny et al., op. cit. note 1, especially 216-223;
18. Nowotny, Transgressive Competence', op. cit. note 4.
19. Janet E. Steele, 'Experts and the Operational Bias of Television News: The Case of the Persian Gulf War', Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72 (4), (1995), 799-812;
20. Jakob Arnoldi, Den Offentlige Ekxpert (Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur, 2005).
21. See Roy MacLeod (ed.), Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators and Professionals, 1860-1919 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
22. See also Christopher Hamlin, 'A Virtue-free Science for Public Policy?' Minerva, 43 (4), (2005), 397-418. Hamlin discusses, among other things, the importance of credibility and trust for expertise and recounts a study of discussions about expert credibility in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English and American courts of law.
23. Stephen Turner, 'What is the Problem with Experts? Social Studies of Science, 31 (1), (2001), 123-149.
24. S.O. Reddy, 'Claims to Expert Knowledge and the Subversion of Democracy: The Triumph of Risk over Uncertainty', Economy and Society, 25 (2), (1996), 222-254.
25. Dorothy Nelkin (ed.), Controversy (Newbury Park: Sage, 1992), ix-xxv.
26. Pierre Bourdieu, The Forms of Capital', in J.G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York: Greenwood Press, 1986), 241-258.
27. Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 72.
28. Pierre Bourdicu and Loic J.D. Wacquant, Refleksiv Sociologi (Copenhagen: Reitzels 1996), 84-89.
29. Pierre Bourdieu; 'Social Space and Symbolic Power', Sociological Theory, 7 (1), (1989), 14-25;
30. Bourdieu, op. cit. note 12.
31. Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1984), 128-129.
32. Bourdieu and Wacquant, op. cit. note 14, 100.
33. Bourdieu, op. cit. note 12.
34. Bourdieu, op. cit. note 12, quotation at 245.
35. Pierre Bourdieu, Homo Academicus (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988);
36. Bourdieu, 'The Specificity of the Scientific Field and the Social Conditions of the Progress of Reason', Social Science Information, XIV (6), (1975), 19-48.
37. Pierre Bourdieu, Texter om de Intellektuell (Stockholm: Brutus Östlings Bokforlag, 1992), 29.
38. Rodney Benson, 'Field Theory in Comparative Context: A New Paradigm for Media Studies', Theory and Society, 28 (1), (1998), 463-498;
39. Pierre Bourdicu, The Field of Cultural Production (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993);
40. and Bourdieu, On Television (New York: The New Press, 1998).
41. Bourdieu, Homo Academicus, op. cit. note 20, 37.
42. Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production, op. cit. note 22, 115.
43. Bourdieu, op. cit. note 21, 91-95;
44. Jacques Coenen-Huther, 'The Paths of Recognition: Bourdon, Bourdieu and the "Second Market" of Intellectuals', International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 35 (2), (1998), 208-216;
45. and Benson, op. cit note 22, 463-498.
46. Timothy Cook, Governing the News (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998);
47. Benson op. cit. note 22, 463-498.
48. R. Kent Weaver, The Changing World of Think Tanks', Political Science and Politics, 22 (3), (1989), 563-578;
49. Andrew Denham and Mark Garnett, The Nature and Impact of Think Tanks in Contemporary Britain', in M.D. Kandiah and A. Seldon (eds.), Ideas and Think Tanks in Contemporary Britain (London: Frank Cass, 1996), I, 43-61.
50. Ciaran McCullagh, Media Power: A Sociological Introduction (Houndsmill: Palgrave, 2002);
51. David Altheide, Media Power (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985);
52. and Nick Couldry, 'The Hidden Injuries of Media Power', Journal of Consumer Culture, 1 (2), (2001), 155-177.
53. Cook, op. cit. note 26;
54. James Carey, The Press and the Public Discourse', The Center Magazine, 20 (1987), 4-16;
55. Eric Alterman, Sound and the Fury: The Making of the Punditocracy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
56. Rajani Naidoo, 'Repositioning Higher Education as a Global Commodity: Opportunities and Challenges for Future Sociology of Education Work', British Journal of Sociology of Education, 24 (2), (2003), 249-259.
57. Simon Marginson and Mark Considine, The Enterprise University (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000);
58. Gerard Delanty, The University in the Knowledge Society', Organization, 8 (2), (2001), 149-153;
59. and Gerard Delanty, Challenging Knowledge (Buckingham: The Society for Research into Higher Education, 2001).
60. Nick Couldry, 'Media Meta-Capital: Extending the Range of Bourdieu's Field Theory', Theory and Society, 32, 1 (2003), 653-677.
61. Arnoldi, op. cit. note 7, 95-110.
62. Rich, op. cit. note 1, 583-601.
63. Thomas Osborne, 'On Mediators: Intellectuals and the Ideas Trade in the Knowledge Society', Economy and Society, 33 (4), (2004), 430-447.
64. Jonathan Potter, Representing Reality (London: Sage, 1996), 142-145.
65. See Allan Bell, 'The Discourse Structure of News Stories', in A. Bell and P. Garrett (eds.), Approaches to Media Discourse (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), 64-104;
66. Teun A. van Dijk, 'Structures of News in the Press', in T.A. van Dijk (ed.), 1985), 69-93;
67. Van Dijk, News Analysis (Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988);
68. and Van Dijk, News as Discourse (Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988).
69. Arnoldi, op. cit. note 7, 63-74.
70. Nelkin, op. cit. note 11.
71. See also S.C. Zehr, 'Flexible Interpretations of "Acid Rain" and the Construction of Scientific Uncertainty in Political Settings', Politics and the Life Sciences, 13 (2), (1994), 205-216;
72. Ulrich Beck, 'Politics of Risk Society', in Jane Franklin (ed.), The Politics of Risk Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998), 9-22, 11;
73. and Niklas Luhmann, The Reality of the Mass Media (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 110.
74. Arnoldi, op. cit. note 7;
75. Holly S. Stocking, 'How Journalists Deal with Scientific Uncertainty', in Sharon M. Friedman, Sharon Dunwoody, and Carol L. Rogers (eds.), Communicating Uncertainty (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999), 23-42.
76. Rich, op. cit. note 1, 583-601.
77. Sieele, op. cit. note 7, 799-812.
78. A combination of both is the ideal solution, which may explain Henry Kissinger's prominent role as pundit and expert in the American media.
79. Sharon Dunwoody, 'Scientist and Journalists', in S.M. Friedman, S. Dunwoody, and C.L. Rogers (eds.), Scientists and Journalists (New York: The Free Press, 1989), 3-16.
80. Bourdieu, op. cit, Homo Academicus, note 20, 62.
81. Gibbons et al., op. cit. note 1.
82. Arnoldi, op. cit. note 7, 95.
83. Dunwoody, op. cit. note 44, 7-8.
84. Marginson and Considine, op. cit, note 31;
85. Naidoo, op. cit. note 30, 249-259.
86. Delanty, op. cit. note 31.
87. I prefer this term because it signifies the exchange of information and energy between distinct systems. See Niklas Luhmann, Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1997), 776-789.
88. Scott Lash, Critique of Information (London: Sage, 2002).
89. See also Delanty, op. cit. note 31
90. and Christopher Hamlin op. cit. note 8 where he calls for a more public role for academic scientists.