Constructing the scientific citizen: Science and democracy in the biosciences

Public Understanding of Science

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1-18

  Irwin, Alan ^a  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005969828     PISSN: 09636625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0963-6625/10/1/301     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. J. Hardy, "The Prime Monster," The Mirror 16 February 1999: 1.
2. st report (London: HMSO, 1998).
3. ibid., 102.
4. The specialist advisers to the Lords report were Professor John Durant (Science Museum and Imperial College) and Brian Wynne (University of Lancaster). Members of the sub-committee visited both Denmark and the United States - including sessions at the University of Copenhagen (Faculty of Social Sciences), Technical University of Denmark (Department of Technology and Social Sciences), Harvard University (Kennedy School of Government), and American Association for the Advancement of Science.
5. rd Report (London: HMSO, 2000).
6. ibid., 5.
7. ibid., 7.
8. Royal Society, The Public Understanding of Science (London: Royal Society, 1985).
9. Department of Trade and Industry, Excellence and Opportunity: A Science and Innovation Policy for the 21st Century (London: HMSO, 2000).
10. For example, A. Irwin and B. Wynne, eds., Misunderstanding Science? The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); D. Layton, E. Jenkins, S. Macgill, and A. Davey, Inarticulate Science: Perspectives in the Public Understanding of Science and Some Implications for Science Education (Driffield, E. Yorks: Studies in Education Ltd, 1993); and B.V. Lewenstein, ed., When Science Meets the Public (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1991).
11. For example, A. Irwin and B. Wynne, eds., Misunderstanding Science? The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); D. Layton, E. Jenkins, S. Macgill, and A. Davey, Inarticulate Science: Perspectives in the Public Understanding of Science and Some Implications for Science Education (Driffield, E. Yorks: Studies in Education Ltd, 1993); and B.V. Lewenstein, ed., When Science Meets the Public (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1991).
12. For example, A. Irwin and B. Wynne, eds., Misunderstanding Science? The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); D. Layton, E. Jenkins, S. Macgill, and A. Davey, Inarticulate Science: Perspectives in the Public Understanding of Science and Some Implications for Science Education (Driffield, E. Yorks: Studies in Education Ltd, 1993); and B.V. Lewenstein, ed., When Science Meets the Public (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1991).
13. ESRC Global Environmental Change Programme, The Politics of GM Food: Risk, Science and Public Trust, Special Briefing 5 (Sussex: University of Sussex, 1999), 3.
14. D. Nelkin, "The political impact of technical expertise," Social Studies of Science 5 (1975): 37.
15. At the time of writing, minutes for the first 12 advisory group meetings were available at www.dti.gov.uk/ost/ostbusiness/puset/public.htm
16. Public Consultation on the Biosciences, Report of the Advisory Group to the Office of Science and Technology (1999): 2.
17. Office of Science and Technology, Biosciences Consultation, Minutes of March 10, 1998.
18. R. Grove-White, P. Macnaghten, S. Mayer, and B. Wynne. Uncertain World: Genetically Modified Organisms, Food and Public Attitudes in Britain (Lancaster: Lancaster University, 1997).
19. ibid., 1.
20. ibid., 31.
21. London Centre for Governance, Innovation and Science, and The Genetics Forum, Citizen Foresight: A Tool to Enhance Democratic Policy-Making. 1: The Future of Food and Agriculture, (March 1998). Available from The Genetics Forum, 94 White Lion Street, LONDON N1 9PF.
22. David Cope, Foreword in ibid., 5.
23. Minutes of meeting held on October 20, 1998.
24. For example, H. Collins and T. Pinch, The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
25. Minutes of meeting held on October 20, 1998.
26. Cabinet Office Press Notice, December 17, 1998.
27. Lord Sainsbury quoted in London Centre for Governance, Innovation and Science, and The Genetics Forum op. cit., 17.
28. It is noteworthy that in the advisory group report these are referred to as "Lord Sainsbury's questions."
29. MORI, People's Panel - results from the People's Panel, Issue No. 3 (July 1999): 4.
30. MORI, The Public Consultation on Developments in the Biosciences, December 1998-April 1999, Vol. 1 (Department of Trade and Industry): 15.
31. See, for example, R. McKechnie, "Insiders and outsiders: identifying experts on home ground" in Irwin and Wynne op. cit., 126-151.
32. A. Irwin, P. Simmons, and G. Walker, "Faulty environments and risk reasoning: the local understanding of industrial hazards," Environment and Planning A 31 (1999): 1311-1326.
33. Certainly, the MORI researchers took great care to ensure that the qualitative phase informed the subsequent quantitative investigation. Various points from the qualitative stage were incorporated in the questionnaire design for the quantitative pilot. Open-ended questions in the pilot were then used to create pre-coded categories, create new codes, back-code into existing categories, and assist in the application of a "maximum of 5 percent other" rule. M. Corrado, Personal communication, February, 2000.
34. Public Consultation on the Biosciences, Report of the Advisory Group to the Office of Science and Technology (1999): 1.
35. House of Lords Select Committee, op. cit., 37.
36. Minutes of meeting held on July 28, 1998.
37. A. Irwin, Citizen Science (London: Routledge, 1995).
38. MORI, op. cit., 7.
39. N. Rose, Powers of Freedom: reframing political thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999): 189.
40. D. Pels, The Intellectual as Stranger: Studies in Spokespersonship (London: Routledge, 2000).
41. Rose, op. cit.
42. S. Joss and J. Durant (eds.) Public Participation in Science: the Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe (London: Science Museum, 1995); See also Science and Public Policy special issue on public participation in science and technology (guest editor Simon Joss). 26 (5) October 1999.
43. S. Joss and J. Durant (eds.) Public Participation in Science: the Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe (London: Science Museum, 1995); See also Science and Public Policy special issue on public participation in science and technology (guest editor Simon Joss). 26 (5) October 1999.
44. A. Irwin, op. cit.; B. Wynne, "May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert-lay knowledge divide" in Risk, Environment and Modernity: Towards a New Ecology eds. S. Lash, B. Szerszynski, and B. Wynne (London: Sage, 1996): 44-83.
45. A. Irwin, op. cit.; B. Wynne, "May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert-lay knowledge divide" in Risk, Environment and Modernity: Towards a New Ecology eds. S. Lash, B. Szerszynski, and B. Wynne (London: Sage, 1996): 44-83.
46. M. Michael, "Between citizen and consumer: multiplying the meanings of the public understanding of science," Public Understanding of Science 7 (1998): 322.