메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 156-162

Hemodynamic manipulation in the neuro-intensive care unit: Cerebral perfusion pressure therapy in head injury and hemodynamic augmentation for cerebral vasospasm

Author keywords

Cerebral perfusion pressure; Cerebral vasospasm; Hemodynamic augmentation; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR;

EID: 33847328310     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32807f2aa5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 0018582268 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hemorrhagic hypotension on the cerebral circulation. I. Cerebral blood flow and pial arteriolar caliber
    • MacKenzie ET, Farrar JK, Fitch W, et al. Effects of hemorrhagic hypotension on the cerebral circulation. I. Cerebral blood flow and pial arteriolar caliber. Stroke 1979; 10:711-718.
    • (1979) Stroke , vol.10 , pp. 711-718
    • MacKenzie, E.T.1    Farrar, J.K.2    Fitch, W.3
  • 2
    • 0004920160 scopus 로고
    • Blood flow in passive vascular beds
    • Green HD, Rapela CE. Blood flow in passive vascular beds. Circ Res 1964; 15 (Suppl):11-16.
    • (1964) Circ Res , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 11-16
    • Green, H.D.1    Rapela, C.E.2
  • 3
    • 0004349852 scopus 로고
    • Blood flow and metabolism of the human brain in health and disease
    • Kety SS. Blood flow and metabolism of the human brain in health and disease. Trans Stud Coll Physicians Phila 1950; 18:103-108.
    • (1950) Trans Stud Coll Physicians Phila , vol.18 , pp. 103-108
    • Kety, S.S.1
  • 4
    • 0020573697 scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia
    • Heiss WD, Rosner G. Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia. Ann Neurol 1983; 14:294-301.
    • (1983) Ann Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 294-301
    • Heiss, W.D.1    Rosner, G.2
  • 5
    • 0025232339 scopus 로고
    • Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in experimental focal brain ischemia
    • Dirnagl U, Pulsinelli W. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in experimental focal brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10:327-336.
    • (1990) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.10 , pp. 327-336
    • Dirnagl, U.1    Pulsinelli, W.2
  • 6
    • 0031885599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of induced hypertension on transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Manno EM, Gress DR, Schwamm LH, et al. Effects of induced hypertension on transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1998; 29:422-428.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 422-428
    • Manno, E.M.1    Gress, D.R.2    Schwamm, L.H.3
  • 7
    • 0018362067 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization in superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis patients: An exploratory definition of clinical problems
    • Grubb RL Jr, Ratcheson RA, Raichle ME, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization in superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis patients: an exploratory definition of clinical problems. J Neurosurg 1979; 50:733-741.
    • (1979) J Neurosurg , vol.50 , pp. 733-741
    • Grubb Jr, R.L.1    Ratcheson, R.A.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 8
    • 0021927556 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography to assess cerebral perfusion
    • Powers WJ, Raichle ME, Grubb RL Jr. Positron emission tomography to assess cerebral perfusion. Lancet 1985; 1:102-103.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 102-103
    • Powers, W.J.1    Raichle, M.E.2    Grubb Jr., R.L.3
  • 9
    • 0025047397 scopus 로고
    • Borderzone hemodynamics in cerebrovascular disease
    • Carpenter DA, Grubb RL Jr, Powers WJ. Borderzone hemodynamics in cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1990; 40:1587-1592.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1587-1592
    • Carpenter, D.A.1    Grubb Jr, R.L.2    Powers, W.J.3
  • 10
    • 0018377553 scopus 로고
    • Hypovolemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: Theraputic implications
    • Maroon JC, Nelson PB. Hypovolemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: Theraputic implications. Neurosurg 1979; 4:223-226.
    • (1979) Neurosurg , vol.4 , pp. 223-226
    • Maroon, J.C.1    Nelson, P.B.2
  • 11
    • 0019849861 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in intracranial disorders: Perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
    • Nelson PB, Seif SM, Maroon JC, Robinson AG. Hyponatremia in intracranial disorders: perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). J Neurosurg 1981; 55:936-941.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.55 , pp. 936-941
    • Nelson, P.B.1    Seif, S.M.2    Maroon, J.C.3    Robinson, A.G.4
  • 12
    • 0021128751 scopus 로고
    • Depression of circulating blood volume in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Implications for the management of symptomatic vasospasm
    • Solomon RA, Post KD, McMurtry JG III. Depression of circulating blood volume in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for the management of symptomatic vasospasm. Neurosurg 1984; 15:354-361.
    • (1984) Neurosurg , vol.15 , pp. 354-361
    • Solomon, R.A.1    Post, K.D.2    McMurtry III, J.G.3
  • 13
    • 0018392841 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms
    • Ishii R. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1979; 50:587-594.
    • (1979) J Neurosurg , vol.50 , pp. 587-594
    • Ishii, R.1
  • 15
    • 0024208324 scopus 로고
    • Dysautoregulation in patients with ruptured aneurysms: Cerebral blood flow measurements obtained during surgery by a temperature- controlled thermoelectrical method
    • Tenjin H, Hirakawa K, Mizukawa N, et al. Dysautoregulation in patients with ruptured aneurysms: cerebral blood flow measurements obtained during surgery by a temperature- controlled thermoelectrical method. Neurosurgery 1988; 23:705-709.
    • (1988) Neurosurgery , vol.23 , pp. 705-709
    • Tenjin, H.1    Hirakawa, K.2    Mizukawa, N.3
  • 16
    • 0017332389 scopus 로고
    • Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in humans
    • Grubb RL Jr, Raichle ME, Eichling JO, Gado MH. Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in humans. J Neurosurg 1977; 46:446-453.
    • (1977) J Neurosurg , vol.46 , pp. 446-453
    • Grubb Jr, R.L.1    Raichle, M.E.2    Eichling, J.O.3    Gado, M.H.4
  • 17
    • 0025251927 scopus 로고
    • Spasm index in subarachnoid haemorrhage: Consequences of vasospasm upon cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction
    • Jakobsen M, Enevoldsen E, Dalager T. Spasm index in subarachnoid haemorrhage: consequences of vasospasm upon cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 82:311-320.
    • (1990) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.82 , pp. 311-320
    • Jakobsen, M.1    Enevoldsen, E.2    Dalager, T.3
  • 18
    • 0021926072 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms
    • Voldby B, Enevoldsen EM, Jensen FT. Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1985; 62:59-67.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 59-67
    • Voldby, B.1    Enevoldsen, E.M.2    Jensen, F.T.3
  • 20
    • 0021967873 scopus 로고
    • Regional CBF, intraventricular pressure, and cerebral metabolism in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms
    • Voldby B, Enevoldsen EM, Jensen FT. Regional CBF, intraventricular pressure, and cerebral metabolism in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1985; 62:48-58.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 48-58
    • Voldby, B.1    Enevoldsen, E.M.2    Jensen, F.T.3
  • 21
    • 0023845497 scopus 로고
    • Erythrocytes are essential for development of cerebral vasculopathy resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats
    • Duff TA, Louie J, Feilbach JA, Scott G. Erythrocytes are essential for development of cerebral vasculopathy resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats. Stroke 1988; 19:68-72.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 68-72
    • Duff, T.A.1    Louie, J.2    Feilbach, J.A.3    Scott, G.4
  • 22
    • 0025405804 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic changes in cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Mayberg MR, Okada T, Bark DH. Morphologic changes in cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1990; 1:417-432.
    • (1990) Neurosurg Clin N Am , vol.1 , pp. 417-432
    • Mayberg, M.R.1    Okada, T.2    Bark, D.H.3
  • 24
    • 0018904811 scopus 로고
    • Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning
    • Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurg 1980; 6:1-9.
    • (1980) Neurosurg , vol.6 , pp. 1-9
    • Fisher, C.M.1    Kistler, J.P.2    Davis, J.M.3
  • 25
    • 0029005308 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral arterial spasm - a clinical review
    • Dorsch NW. Cerebral arterial spasm - a clinical review. Br J Neurosurg 1995; 9:403-412.
    • (1995) Br J Neurosurg , vol.9 , pp. 403-412
    • Dorsch, N.W.1
  • 26
    • 0017836563 scopus 로고
    • Time course of vasospasm in man
    • Weir B, Grace M, Hansen J, et al. Time course of vasospasm in man. J Neurosurg 1978; 48:173-178.
    • (1978) J Neurosurg , vol.48 , pp. 173-178
    • Weir, B.1    Grace, M.2    Hansen, J.3
  • 27
    • 16844373283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of cerebral vasospasm in patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review
    • Harrod CG, Bendok BR, Batjer HH. Prediction of cerebral vasospasm in patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review. Neurosurgery 2005; 56:633-654.
    • (2005) Neurosurgery , vol.56 , pp. 633-654
    • Harrod, C.G.1    Bendok, B.R.2    Batjer, H.H.3
  • 28
    • 0026579257 scopus 로고
    • Hypervolemic therapy prevents volume contraction but not hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Diringer MN, WuKC, Verbalis JG, Hanley DF. Hypervolemic therapy prevents volume contraction but not hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ann Neurology 1992; 31:543-550.
    • (1992) Ann Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 543-550
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Wu, K.C.2    Verbalis, J.G.3    Hanley, D.F.4
  • 29
    • 0015374152 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow studies in subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Heilbrun MP, Olesen J, Lassen NA. Regional cerebral blood flow studies in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1972; 37:36-44.
    • (1972) J Neurosurg , vol.37 , pp. 36-44
    • Heilbrun, M.P.1    Olesen, J.2    Lassen, N.A.3
  • 30
    • 0031026960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes caused by brain retraction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Yundt KD, Grubb RL Jr, Diringer MN, Powers WJ. Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes caused by brain retraction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1997; 40:442-450.
    • (1997) Neurosurgery , vol.40 , pp. 442-450
    • Yundt, K.D.1    Grubb Jr, R.L.2    Diringer, M.N.3    Powers, W.J.4
  • 31
    • 0026511832 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hemodilution on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism
    • Hino A, Ueda S, Mizukawa N, et al. Effect of hemodilution on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Stroke 1992; 23:423-426.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 423-426
    • Hino, A.1    Ueda, S.2    Mizukawa, N.3
  • 32
    • 0017130060 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative hypertension in the management of patients with intracranial arterial aneurysms
    • Kosnik EJ, Hunt WE. Postoperative hypertension in the management of patients with intracranial arterial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1976; 45:148-154.
    • (1976) J Neurosurg , vol.45 , pp. 148-154
    • Kosnik, E.J.1    Hunt, W.E.2
  • 33
    • 0000152981 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of recurrent cerebrovascular symptoms and the question of 'vasospasm'. Med
    • Denny-Brown D. The treatment of recurrent cerebrovascular symptoms and the question of 'vasospasm'. Med Clin North Am 1951; 35:1457-1474.
    • (1951) Clin North Am , vol.35 , pp. 1457-1474
    • Denny-Brown, D.1
  • 34
    • 0019963372 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ischemic deficits from vasospasm with intravascular volume expansion and induced arterial hypertension
    • Kassell NF, Peerless SJ, Durward QJ, et al. Treatment of ischemic deficits from vasospasm with intravascular volume expansion and induced arterial hypertension. Neurosurgery 1982; 11:337-343.
    • (1982) Neurosurgery , vol.11 , pp. 337-343
    • Kassell, N.F.1    Peerless, S.J.2    Durward, Q.J.3
  • 35
    • 0023176053 scopus 로고
    • Clinical vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Response to hypervolemic hemodilution and arterial hypertension
    • Awad IA, Carter P, Spetzler RF, et al. Clinical vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: response to hypervolemic hemodilution and arterial hypertension. Stroke 1987; 18:365-372.
    • (1987) Stroke , vol.18 , pp. 365-372
    • Awad, I.A.1    Carter, P.2    Spetzler, R.F.3
  • 36
    • 0028879175 scopus 로고
    • Safety of hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with phenylephrine in the treatment of delayed ischemic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Miller JA, Dacey RG Jr, Diringer MN. Safety of hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with phenylephrine in the treatment of delayed ischemic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1995; 26:2260-2266.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 2260-2266
    • Miller, J.A.1    Dacey Jr, R.G.2    Diringer, M.N.3
  • 37
    • 33750581707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based cerebral vasospasm management
    • This is an excellent and comprehensive review of all recent randomized controlled trials dedicated to management of cerebral vasospasm after SAH
    • Weyer GW, Nolan CP, Macdonald RL. Evidence-based cerebral vasospasm management. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 21:E8. This is an excellent and comprehensive review of all recent randomized controlled trials dedicated to management of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
    • (2006) Neurosurg Focus , vol.21
    • Weyer, G.W.1    Nolan, C.P.2    Macdonald, R.L.3
  • 38
    • 33847285795 scopus 로고
    • Effect of volume therapy on cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Lennihan L, Solomon RA, Mayer SA, et al. Effect of volume therapy on cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Abstract Neurology 1994; 44:A35.
    • (1994) Abstract Neurology , vol.44
    • Lennihan, L.1    Solomon, R.A.2    Mayer, S.A.3
  • 39
    • 0036354949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of iso- and hypervolemic hemodilution on regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery for patients with vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Ekelund A, Reinstrup P, Ryding E, et al. Effects of iso- and hypervolemic hemodilution on regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery for patients with vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir 2002; 144:703-712.
    • (2002) Acta Neurochir , vol.144 , pp. 703-712
    • Ekelund, A.1    Reinstrup, P.2    Ryding, E.3
  • 40
    • 24944523352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of normal saline bolus on cerebral blood flow in regions with low baseline flow in patients with vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Jost SC, Diringer MN, Zazulia AR, et al. Effect of normal saline bolus on cerebral blood flow in regions with low baseline flow in patients with vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:25-30.
    • (2005) J Neurosurg , vol.103 , pp. 25-30
    • Jost, S.C.1    Diringer, M.N.2    Zazulia, A.R.3
  • 41
    • 0000688679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoregulatory vasodilation of parenchymal vessels is impaired during cerebral vasospasm
    • Yundt KD, Grubb RL Jr, Diringer MN, Powers WJ. Autoregulatory vasodilation of parenchymal vessels is impaired during cerebral vasospasm. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18:419-424.
    • (1998) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.18 , pp. 419-424
    • Yundt, K.D.1    Grubb Jr, R.L.2    Diringer, M.N.3    Powers, W.J.4
  • 42
    • 0022577542 scopus 로고
    • Induced hypertension for the treatment of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Direct effect on cerebral blood flow
    • Muizelaar JP, Becker DP. Induced hypertension for the treatment of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Direct effect on cerebral blood flow. Surg Neurology 1986; 25:317-325.
    • (1986) Surg Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 317-325
    • Muizelaar, J.P.1    Becker, D.P.2
  • 43
    • 0025120694 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cardiac output and cerebral blood flow in patients with intact and with impaired autoregulation
    • Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP. Relationship between cardiac output and cerebral blood flow in patients with intact and with impaired autoregulation. J Neurosurg 1990; 73:368-374.
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.73 , pp. 368-374
    • Bouma, G.J.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2
  • 44
    • 0015853594 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of ischemic neurological signs by increasing the cardiac output
    • Vander GD, Pomerantz M. Reversal of ischemic neurological signs by increasing the cardiac output. Surg Neurol 1973; 1:257-258.
    • (1973) Surg Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 257-258
    • Vander, G.D.1    Pomerantz, M.2
  • 45
    • 0018901857 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cerebral blood flow to cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, blood volume, and alpha and beta blockade in cats
    • Davis DH, Sundt TM Jr. Relationship of cerebral blood flow to cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, blood volume, and alpha and beta blockade in cats. J Neurosurg 1980; 52:745-754.
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.52 , pp. 745-754
    • Davis, D.H.1    Sundt Jr., T.M.2
  • 46
    • 0026353789 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac performance indices during hypervolemic therapy for cerebral vasospasm
    • Levy ML, Giannotta SL. Cardiac performance indices during hypervolemic therapy for cerebral vasospasm. J Neurosurg 1991; 75:27-31.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 27-31
    • Levy, M.L.1    Giannotta, S.L.2
  • 47
    • 0025405873 scopus 로고
    • Induced hypertension and hypervolemia for treatment of cerebral vasospasm
    • Levy ML, Giannotta SL. Induced hypertension and hypervolemia for treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1990; 1:357-365.
    • (1990) Neurosurg Clin N Am , vol.1 , pp. 357-365
    • Levy, M.L.1    Giannotta, S.L.2
  • 48
    • 10744222806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in cardiac output can reverse flow deficits from vasospasm independent of blood pressure: A study using xenon computed tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow
    • Joseph M, Ziadi S, Nates J, et al. Increases in cardiac output can reverse flow deficits from vasospasm independent of blood pressure: a study using xenon computed tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow. Neurosurgery 2003; 53:1044-1051.
    • (2003) Neurosurgery , vol.53 , pp. 1044-1051
    • Joseph, M.1    Ziadi, S.2    Nates, J.3
  • 49
    • 0017768173 scopus 로고
    • Effect of haematocrit on cerebral blood-flow in man
    • Thomas DJ, Marshall J, Russell RW, et al. Effect of haematocrit on cerebral blood-flow in man. Lancet 1977; 2:941-943.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 941-943
    • Thomas, D.J.1    Marshall, J.2    Russell, R.W.3
  • 50
    • 33750044048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher hemoglobin is associated with less cerebral infarction, poor outcome, and death after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • This was a study of impact of higher hemoglobin levels in patients with SAH on outcome and frequency of infarcts
    • Naidech AM, Drescher J, Ault ML, et al. Higher hemoglobin is associated with less cerebral infarction, poor outcome, and death after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2006; 59:775-779. This was a study of impact of higher hemoglobin levels in patients with SAH on outcome and frequency of infarcts.
    • (2006) Neurosurgery , vol.59 , pp. 775-779
    • Naidech, A.M.1    Drescher, J.2    Ault, M.L.3
  • 51
    • 0031734201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved outcome after severe head injury with a new therapy based on principles for brain volume regulation and preserved microcirculation
    • Eker C, Asgeirsson B, Grande PO, et al. Improved outcome after severe head injury with a new therapy based on principles for brain volume regulation and preserved microcirculation. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1881-1886.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1881-1886
    • Eker, C.1    Asgeirsson, B.2    Grande, P.O.3
  • 52
    • 0017743348 scopus 로고
    • Compartmental analysis of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with acute severe head injuries
    • Enevoldsen E, Jensen F. Compartmental analysis of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with acute severe head injuries. J Neurosurg 1977; 47:699-712.
    • (1977) J Neurosurg , vol.47 , pp. 699-712
    • Enevoldsen, E.1    Jensen, F.2
  • 53
    • 0015905351 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and brain metabolism in comatose patients
    • Bruce DA, Langfitt TW, Miller JD. Regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and brain metabolism in comatose patients. J Neurosurg 1973; 38:131-144.
    • (1973) J Neurosurg , vol.38 , pp. 131-144
    • Bruce, D.A.1    Langfitt, T.W.2    Miller, J.D.3
  • 54
    • 0025721903 scopus 로고
    • The use of stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic studies of cerebral blood flow to define changes in cerebral carbon dioxide vasoresponsivity caused by a severe head injury
    • Marion DW, Bouma GJ. The use of stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic studies of cerebral blood flow to define changes in cerebral carbon dioxide vasoresponsivity caused by a severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1991; 29:869-873.
    • (1991) Neurosurgery , vol.29 , pp. 869-873
    • Marion, D.W.1    Bouma, G.J.2
  • 55
    • 0027765080 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in acute head injury by stable xenon-enhanced computerized tomography
    • Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP. Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in acute head injury by stable xenon-enhanced computerized tomography. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1993; 59:34-40.
    • (1993) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.59 , pp. 34-40
    • Bouma, G.J.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2
  • 56
    • 0026779821 scopus 로고
    • Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography
    • Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Stringer WA, et al. Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1992; 77:360-368.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 360-368
    • Bouma, G.J.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Stringer, W.A.3
  • 57
    • 0026586587 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics and metabolism in ischemic cerebrovascular disease
    • Powers WJ. Hemodynamics and metabolism in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neurol Clin 1992; 10:31-48.
    • (1992) Neurol Clin , vol.10 , pp. 31-48
    • Powers, W.J.1
  • 58
    • 0002550087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyperventilation on cerebral hemodynamics, and oxygen metabolism following acute brain injury [abstract]
    • Diringer MN, Yundt KD, Videen TO, et al. Effect of hyperventilation on cerebral hemodynamics, and oxygen metabolism following acute brain injury [abstract]. Stroke 2000; 31:296.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 296
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Yundt, K.D.2    Videen, T.O.3
  • 59
    • 0036124821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury
    • Diringer MN, Videen TO, Yundt K, et al. Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2002; 96:103-108.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 103-108
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Videen, T.O.2    Yundt, K.3
  • 60
    • 84959068607 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hemodynamics during cerebral ischemia induced by acute hypotension
    • Finnerty F, Witkin L, Fazekas J. Cerebral hemodynamics during cerebral ischemia induced by acute hypotension. J Clin Invest 1954; 33:1227-1232.
    • (1954) J Clin Invest , vol.33 , pp. 1227-1232
    • Finnerty, F.1    Witkin, L.2    Fazekas, J.3
  • 62
    • 84957381085 scopus 로고
    • The effects of active and passive hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure of normal young men
    • Kety S, Schmidt C. The effects of active and passive hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure of normal young men. J Clin Invest 1946; 25:107-119.
    • (1946) J Clin Invest , vol.25 , pp. 107-119
    • Kety, S.1    Schmidt, C.2
  • 63
    • 0021262623 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in comatose patients with acute head injury. Relationship to intracranial hypertension
    • Obrist WD, Langfitt TW, Jaggi JL, et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in comatose patients with acute head injury. Relationship to intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 1984; 61:241-253.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 241-253
    • Obrist, W.D.1    Langfitt, T.W.2    Jaggi, J.L.3
  • 64
    • 0034953658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoperfusion without ischemia surrounding acute intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Zazulia AR, Diringer MN, Videen TO, et al. Hypoperfusion without ischemia surrounding acute intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21:804-810.
    • (2001) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.21 , pp. 804-810
    • Zazulia, A.R.1    Diringer, M.N.2    Videen, T.O.3
  • 65
    • 3042551452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial hyperoxia in severe head injury: A useful or harmful option?
    • Alves OL, Daugherty WP, Rios M. Arterial hyperoxia in severe head injury: a useful or harmful option? Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10:2163-2176.
    • (2004) Curr Pharm Des , vol.10 , pp. 2163-2176
    • Alves, O.L.1    Daugherty, W.P.2    Rios, M.3
  • 66
    • 0030915477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental and human brain injury and its possible reversal with a selective N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX-111)
    • Verweij BH, Muizelaar JP, Vinas FC, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental and human brain injury and its possible reversal with a selective N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX-111). Neurol Res 1997; 19:334-339.
    • (1997) Neurol Res , vol.19 , pp. 334-339
    • Verweij, B.H.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Vinas, F.C.3
  • 67
    • 0025218437 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial metabolism following traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Vink R, Head VA, Rogers PJ, et al. Mitochondrial metabolism following traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 1990; 7:21-27.
    • (1990) J Neurotrauma , vol.7 , pp. 21-27
    • Vink, R.1    Head, V.A.2    Rogers, P.J.3
  • 68
    • 27644509638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction in posttraumatic mouse brain by superoxide dismutase
    • Xiong Y, Shie FS, Zhang J, et al. Prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction in posttraumatic mouse brain by superoxide dismutase. J Neurochem 2005; 95:732-744.
    • (2005) J Neurochem , vol.95 , pp. 732-744
    • Xiong, Y.1    Shie, F.S.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 69
    • 0034434069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury in humans
    • Verweij BH, Muizelaar JP, Vinas FC, et al. Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury in humans. J Neurosurg 2000; 93:815-820.
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.93 , pp. 815-820
    • Verweij, B.H.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Vinas, F.C.3
  • 70
    • 0025942181 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head injury
    • Marmarou A, Anderson RL, Ward JD, et al. Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1991; 75:S59-S66.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75
    • Marmarou, A.1    Anderson, R.L.2    Ward, J.D.3
  • 71
    • 0026656473 scopus 로고
    • The effect of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure upon middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation after severe brain injury
    • Chan KH, Miller JD, Dearden NM, et al. The effect of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure upon middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation after severe brain injury. J Neurosurg 1992; 77:55-61.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 55-61
    • Chan, K.H.1    Miller, J.D.2    Dearden, N.M.3
  • 72
    • 0029092943 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow, vascular resistance, and oxygen metabolism in acute brain trauma: Redefining the role of cerebral perfusion pressure?
    • Cruz J, Jaggi JL, Hoffstad OJ. Cerebral blood flow, vascular resistance, and oxygen metabolism in acute brain trauma: redefining the role of cerebral perfusion pressure? Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1412-1417.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1412-1417
    • Cruz, J.1    Jaggi, J.L.2    Hoffstad, O.J.3
  • 73
    • 0030610750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain tissue pO2-monitoring in comatose patients: Implications for therapy
    • Kiening KL, Hartl R, Unterberg AW, et al. Brain tissue pO2-monitoring in comatose patients: implications for therapy. Neurol Res 1997; 19:233-240.
    • (1997) Neurol Res , vol.19 , pp. 233-240
    • Kiening, K.L.1    Hartl, R.2    Unterberg, A.W.3
  • 74
    • 0032246601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cerebral perfusion pressure on brain tissue PO2 in patients with severe head injury
    • Bruzzone P, Dionigi R, Bellinzona G, et al. Effects of cerebral perfusion pressure on brain tissue PO2 in patients with severe head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1998; 71:111-113.
    • (1998) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.71 , pp. 111-113
    • Bruzzone, P.1    Dionigi, R.2    Bellinzona, G.3
  • 75
    • 0032748981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury
    • Robertson CS, Valadka AB, Hannay HJ, et al. Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2086-2095.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2086-2095
    • Robertson, C.S.1    Valadka, A.B.2    Hannay, H.J.3
  • 76
    • 0033774201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cerebral perfusion pressure and survival in pediatric brain-injured patients
    • Downard C, Hulka F, Mullins RJ, et al. Relationship of cerebral perfusion pressure and survival in pediatric brain-injured patients. J Trauma 2000; 49:654-658.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , pp. 654-658
    • Downard, C.1    Hulka, F.2    Mullins, R.J.3
  • 77
    • 0035116429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between acute physiological variables and outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale following severe traumatic brain injury
    • Struchen MA, Hannay HJ, Contant CF, Robertson CS. The relation between acute physiological variables and outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale following severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2001; 18:115-125.
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , pp. 115-125
    • Struchen, M.A.1    Hannay, H.J.2    Contant, C.F.3    Robertson, C.S.4
  • 78
    • 0034877326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of threshold levels of cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure in severe head injury by using receiver-operating characteristic curves: An observational study in 291 patients
    • Chambers IR, Treadwell L, Mendelow AD. Determination of threshold levels of cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure in severe head injury by using receiver-operating characteristic curves: an observational study in 291 patients. J Neurosurg 2001; 94:412-416.
    • (2001) J Neurosurg , vol.94 , pp. 412-416
    • Chambers, I.R.1    Treadwell, L.2    Mendelow, A.D.3
  • 79
    • 0034200618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for cerebral perfusion pressure
    • The Brain Trauma Foundation
    • The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for cerebral perfusion pressure. J Neurotrauma 2000; 6/7:507-511.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.6-7 , pp. 507-511
  • 80
    • 0033973292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure: Influence on neurological deterioration and outcome in severe head injury
    • Juul N, Morris GF, Marshall SB. Intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure: influence on neurological deterioration and outcome in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 2000; 92:1-6.
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.92 , pp. 1-6
    • Juul, N.1    Morris, G.F.2    Marshall, S.B.3
  • 81
    • 0000314371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema: Hypertonic saline solutions. Current treatment options
    • Bhardwaj A, Ulatowski JA. Cerebral edema: hypertonic saline solutions. Current treatment options. Neurology 1999; 1:179-187.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.1 , pp. 179-187
    • Bhardwaj, A.1    Ulatowski, J.A.2
  • 82
    • 0036387512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral resuscitation: Role of osmotherapy
    • Harukuni I, Kirsch JR, Bhardwaj A. Cerebral resuscitation: role of osmotherapy. J Anesth 2002; 16:229-237.
    • (2002) J Anesth , vol.16 , pp. 229-237
    • Harukuni, I.1    Kirsch, J.R.2    Bhardwaj, A.3
  • 83
    • 33646773597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in neurologic patients: Consequences and approaches to treatment
    • This is a comprehensive review of detrimental effects of hyponatremia on injured brain and methods of correcting it
    • Diringer MN, Zazulia AR. Hyponatremia in neurologic patients: consequences and approaches to treatment. Neurologist 2006; 12:117-126. This is a comprehensive review of detrimental effects of hyponatremia on injured brain and methods of correcting it.
    • (2006) Neurologist , vol.12 , pp. 117-126
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Zazulia, A.R.2
  • 84
    • 0026322866 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic fluid resuscitation improves cerebral oxygen delivery and reduces intracranial pressure after hemorrhagic shock
    • Schmoker J, Zhuang J, Schackford S. Hypertonic fluid resuscitation improves cerebral oxygen delivery and reduces intracranial pressure after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 1991; 31:1607-1613.
    • (1991) J Trauma , vol.31 , pp. 1607-1613
    • Schmoker, J.1    Zhuang, J.2    Schackford, S.3
  • 85
    • 0025982984 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow following resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline
    • Prough DS, Whitley J, Taylor CL, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow following resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline. Anesthesiology 1991; 75:319-327.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75 , pp. 319-327
    • Prough, D.S.1    Whitley, J.2    Taylor, C.L.3
  • 86
    • 0029924530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline fluid therapy following brain stem trauma
    • Gemma M, Cozzi S, Poccoli C, et al. Hypertonic saline fluid therapy following brain stem trauma. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1996; 8:137-141.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.8 , pp. 137-141
    • Gemma, M.1    Cozzi, S.2    Poccoli, C.3
  • 87
    • 0026055960 scopus 로고
    • 7.5% sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport
    • Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Gannaway WL, et al. 7.5% sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport. Arch Surg 1991; 126:1065-1072.
    • (1991) Arch Surg , vol.126 , pp. 1065-1072
    • Vassar, M.J.1    Perry, C.A.2    Gannaway, W.L.3
  • 88
    • 0027217885 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial for resuscitation of injured patients with 7.5% sodium chloride: The effect of added dextran 70
    • Vassar MJ, Fischer RP, O'Brien PE, et al. A multicenter trial for resuscitation of injured patients with 7.5% sodium chloride: The effect of added dextran 70. Arch Surg 1993; 128:1003-1013.
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , pp. 1003-1013
    • Vassar, M.J.1    Fischer, R.P.2    O'Brien, P.E.3
  • 89
    • 0026592560 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous fluid tonicity: Effect on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery in a model of focal brain injury
    • Shackford SR, Zhuang J, Schoker JD. Intravenous fluid tonicity: Effect on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery in a model of focal brain injury. J Neurosurg 1992; 76:91-98.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.76 , pp. 91-98
    • Shackford, S.R.1    Zhuang, J.2    Schoker, J.D.3
  • 90
    • 0034518288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dopamine on posttraumatic cerebral blood flow, brain edema, and cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and hypoxanthine concentrations
    • Kroppenstedt SN, Stover JF, Unterberg AW. Effects of dopamine on posttraumatic cerebral blood flow, brain edema, and cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and hypoxanthine concentrations. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:3792-3798.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3792-3798
    • Kroppenstedt, S.N.1    Stover, J.F.2    Unterberg, A.W.3
  • 91
    • 0035677223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of dopamine therapy in experimental brain injury
    • Beaumont A, Hayasaki K, Marmarou A, et al. Contrasting effects of dopamine therapy in experimental brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2001; 18:1359-1372.
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , pp. 1359-1372
    • Beaumont, A.1    Hayasaki, K.2    Marmarou, A.3
  • 92
    • 0042944273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of early and late intravenous norepinephrine infusion on cerebral perfusion, microcirculation, brain-tissue oxygenation, and edema formation in brain-injured rats
    • Kroppenstedt SN, Thomale UW, Griebenow M, et al. Effects of early and late intravenous norepinephrine infusion on cerebral perfusion, microcirculation, brain-tissue oxygenation, and edema formation in brain-injured rats. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:2211-2221.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2211-2221
    • Kroppenstedt, S.N.1    Thomale, U.W.2    Griebenow, M.3
  • 93
    • 0032738567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hemodynamic effects of phenylephrine and L-arginine after cortical impact injury
    • Cherian L, Chacko G, Goodman JC, Robertson CS. Cerebral hemodynamic effects of phenylephrine and L-arginine after cortical impact injury. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2512-2517.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2512-2517
    • Cherian, L.1    Chacko, G.2    Goodman, J.C.3    Robertson, C.S.4
  • 94
    • 0026778284 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and intracranial pressure-volume dynamics in severe head injury: Relationship with cerebral blood flow
    • Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Bandoh K, Marmarou A. Blood pressure and intracranial pressure-volume dynamics in severe head injury: relationship with cerebral blood flow. J Neurosurg 1992; 77:15-19.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 15-19
    • Bouma, G.J.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Bandoh, K.3    Marmarou, A.4
  • 95
    • 0029807662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: Relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome
    • Kelly DF, Kordestani RK, Martin NA. Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome. J Neurosurg 1996; 85:762-771.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 762-771
    • Kelly, D.F.1    Kordestani, R.K.2    Martin, N.A.3
  • 96
    • 33847325588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal hematocrit and hemoglobin for head-injured patients?
    • Valadka AB, Andrews BT, editors, New York: Thieme Medical Publishers;, A good evidence-based review book in an easy-to-read format, it encompasses numerous common questions in management of patients with traumatic brain injury
    • Deutsch H, Ullman JS. What is the optimal hematocrit and hemoglobin for head-injured patients? In: Valadka AB, Andrews BT, editors. Neurotrauma: evidence-based answers to common questions. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2005. pp. 88-90. A good evidence-based review book in an easy-to-read format, it encompasses numerous common questions in management of patients with traumatic brain injury.
    • (2005) Neurotrauma: Evidence-based answers to common questions , pp. 88-90
    • Deutsch, H.1    Ullman, J.S.2
  • 97
    • 33748751080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective evaluation of anemia and transfusion in traumatic brain injury
    • Carlson AP, Schermer CR, Lu SW. Retrospective evaluation of anemia and transfusion in traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2006; 61:567-571.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.61 , pp. 567-571
    • Carlson, A.P.1    Schermer, C.R.2    Lu, S.W.3
  • 98
    • 33748603441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategy on mortality in patients with moderate to severe head injury
    • Care, This describes a subgroup analysis of blood transfusions in patients with TBI within the TRICC trial
    • McIntyre LA, Fergusson DA, Hutchison JS, et al. Effect of a liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategy on mortality in patients with moderate to severe head injury. Neurocrit Care 2006; 5:4-9. This describes a subgroup analysis of blood transfusions in patients with TBI within the TRICC trial.
    • (2006) Neurocrit , vol.5 , pp. 4-9
    • McIntyre, L.A.1    Fergusson, D.A.2    Hutchison, J.S.3
  • 99
    • 0019582612 scopus 로고
    • Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury: A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure
    • Narayan RK, Greenberg RP, Miller JD. Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury: a comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 1981; 54:751-762.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 751-762
    • Narayan, R.K.1    Greenberg, R.P.2    Miller, J.D.3
  • 100
    • 0025942181 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma
    • Marmarou A, Anderson RL, Ward JD, et al. Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma. J Neurosurg 1991; 75:S59-S66.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75
    • Marmarou, A.1    Anderson, R.L.2    Ward, J.D.3
  • 101
    • 0026548596 scopus 로고
    • Control of intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury
    • Miller JD, Dearden NM, Piper IR. Control of intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurotrauma 1992; S317-S326.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma
    • Miller, J.D.1    Dearden, N.M.2    Piper, I.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.