Epidemiological and genetical differences between classical and atypical scrapie cases

Veterinary Research

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 65-80

  Lühken, Gesine ^a   Buschmann, Anne ^b   Brandt, Horst ^a   Eiden, Martin ^b   Groschup, Martin H ^b   Erhardt, Georg ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Atypical scrapie; Classical scrapie; Epidemiology; PrP polymorphisms; Sheep

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; LEUCINE; PHENYLALANINE; PRION PROTEIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CODON; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC RISK; GENOTYPE; GERMANY; HAPLOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; NONHUMAN; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; ANIMAL; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS;

OVIS ARIES;

ANIMALS; GENOTYPE; GERMANY; PRPSC PROTEINS; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; VARIATION (GENETICS);

EID: 33847281383     PISSN: 09284249     EISSN: 12979716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006046     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Baylis M., Chihota C., Stevenson E., Goldmann W., Smith A., Sivam K., Tongue S., Gravenor M.B., Risk of scrapie in British sheep of different prion protein genotype, J. Gen. Virol. (2004) 85:2735-2740.
2. Belt P.B., Muileman I.H., Schreuder B.E., Bos-de Ruijter J., Gielkens A.L., Smits M.A., Identification of five allelic variants of the sheep PrP gene and their association with natural scrapie, J. Gen. Virol. (1995) 76:509-517.
3. Benestad S.L., Sarradin P., Thu B., Schönheit J., Tranulis M.A., Bratberg B., Cases of scrapie with unusual features in Norway and designation of a new type, Nor98, Vet. Rec. (2003) 153:202-208.
4. Bossers A., Schreuder B.E., Muileman I.H., Belt P.B., Smits M.A., PrP genotype contributes to determining survival times of sheep with natural scrapie, J. Gen. Virol. (1996) 77:2669-2673.
5. Bruce M.E., Will R.G., Ironside J.W., McConnell I., Drummond D., Suttie A., McCardle L., Chree A., Hope J., Birkett C., Cousens S., Fraser H., Bostock C.J., Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent, Nature (1997) 389:498-501.
6. Buschmann A., Lühken G., Schultz J., Erhardt G., Groschup M.H., Neuronal accumulation of abnormal prion protein in sheep carrying a scrapie-resistant genotype (PrPARR/ARR), J. Gen. Virol. (2004) 85:2727-2733.
7. Buschmann A., Biacabe A.G., Ziegler U., Bencsik A., Madec J.Y., Erhardt G., Lühken G., Baron T., Groschup M.H., Atypical scrapie cases in Germany and France are identified by discrepant reaction patterns in BSE rapid tests, J. Virol. Methods (2004) 117:27-36.
8. Dawson M., Hoinville L.J., Hosie B.D., Hunter N., Guidance on the use of PrP genotyping as an aid to the control of clinical scrapie. Scrapie Information Group, Vet. Rec. (1998) 142:623-625.
9. De Bosschere H., Roels S., Benestad S.L., Vanopdenbosch E., Scrapie case similar to Nor98 diagnosed in Belgium via active surveillance, Vet. Rec. (2004) 155:707-708.
10. De Bosschere H., Roels S., Dechamps P., Vanopdenbosch E., TSE detected in a Belgian ARR-homozygous sheep via active surveillance, Vet. J. (2005) doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.07.014.
11. Detwiler L.A., Baylis M., The epidemiology of scrapie, Rev. Sci. Tech. (2003) 22:121-143.
12. Díaz C., Vitezica Z.G., Rupp R., Andréoletti O., Elsen J.M., Polygenic variation and transmission factors involved in the resistance/susceptibility to scrapie in a Romanov flock, J. Gen. Virol. (2005) 86:849-857.
13. Directorate-General E.C.H.C.P., Report on the monitoring and testing of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in the EU in 2004, Brussels, 2005.
14. Dubois M.A., Sabatier P., Durand B., Calavas D., Ducrot C., Chalvet-Monfray K., Multiplicative genetic effects in scrapie disease susceptibility, C. R. Biol. (2002) 325:565-570.
15. Eddy R.G., Origin of BSE, Vet. Rec. (1995) 137:648.
16. EFSA, Scientific report of the Euopean Food Safety Authority on the evaluation of rapid post mortem tests intended for small ruminants, question No. EFSA-Q-2003-084, adopted at 17 May 2005.
17. Goldmann W., Hunter N., Smith G., Foster J., Hope J., PrP genotype and agent effects in scrapie: change in allelic interaction with different isolates of agent in sheep, a natural host of scrapie, J. Gen. Virol. (1994) 75:989-995.
18. Goldmann W., Baylis M., Chihota C., Stevenson E., Hunter N., Frequencies of PrP gene haplotypes in British sheep flocks and the implications for breeding programmes, J. Appl. Microbiol. (2005) 98:1294-1302.
19. Gretzschel A., Buschmann A., Eiden M., Ziegler U., Lühken G., Erhardt G., Groschup M.H., Strain typing of German transmissible spongiform encephalopathies field cases in small ruminants by biochemical methods, J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health (2005) 52:55-63.
20. Gretzschel A., Buschmann A., Langeveld J., Groschup M.H., Immunological characterization of abnormal prion protein from atypical scrapie cases in sheep using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, J. Gen. Virol. (2006) 87:3715-3722.
21. Hill A.F., Desbruslais M., Joiner S., Sidle K.C., Gowland I., Collinge J., Doey L.J., Lantos P., The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE, Nature (1997) 389:448-450, 526.
22. Houston F., GoldmannW., Chong A., Jeffrey M., Gonzalez L., Foster J., Parnham D., Hunter N., Prion diseases: BSE in sheep bred for resistance to infection, Nature (2003) 423:498.
23. Hunter N., Foster J.D., Goldmann W., Stear M.J., Hope J., Bostock C., Natural scrapie in a closed flock of Cheviot sheep occurs only in specific PrP genotypes, Arch. Virol. (1996) 141:809-824.
24. Hunter N., PrP genetics in sheep and the applications for scrapie and BSE, Trends Microbiol. (1997) 5:331-334.
25. Ikeda T., Horiuchi M., Ishiguro N., Muramatsu Y., Kai-Uwe G.D., Shinagawa M., Amino acid polymorphisms of PrP with reference to onset of scrapie in Suffolk and Corriedale sheep in Japan, J. Gen. Virol. (1995) 76:2577-2581.
26. Junghans F., Teufel B., Buschmann A., Steng G., Groschup M.H., Genotyping of German sheep with respect to scrapie susceptibility, Vet. Rec. (1998) 143:340-341.
27. Le Dur A., Beringue V., Andreolétti O., Reine F., Lai T.L., Baron T., Bratberg B., Vilotte J.L., Sarradin P., Benestad S.L., Laude H., A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2005) 102:16031-16036.
28. Lühken G., Buschmann A., Groschup M.H., Erhardt G., Prion protein allele A136 H154Q171 is associated with high susceptibility to scrapie in purebred and cross-bred German Merinoland sheep, Arch. Virol. (2004) 149:1571-1580.
29. Madec J.Y., Simon S., Lezmi S., Bencsik A., Grassi J., Baron T., Abnormal prion protein in genetically resistant sheep from a scrapie-infected flock, J. Gen. Virol. (2004) 85:3483-3486.
30. Moum T., Olsaker I., Hopp P., Moldal T., Valheim M., Moum T., Benestad S.L., Polymorphisms at codons 141 and 154 in the ovine prion protein gene are associated with scrapie Nor98 cases, J. Gen. Virol. (2005) 86:231-235.
31. OIE, Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees) 2, 2004, pp. 642-653.
32. Onnasch H., Gunn H.M., Bradshaw B.J., Benestad S.L., Bassett H.F., Two Irish cases of scrapie resembling Nor98, Vet. Rec. (2004) 155:636-637.
33. Orge L., Galo A., Machado C., Lima C., Ochoa C., Silva J., Ramos M., Simas J.P., Identification of putative atypical scrapie in sheep in Portugal, J. Gen. Virol. (2004) 85:3487-3491.
34. Pattison I.H., Hoare M.N., Jebbett J.N., Watson W.A., Spread of scrapie to sheep and goats by oral dosing with foetal membranes from scrapie-affected sheep, Vet. Rec. (1972) 90:465-468.
35. Sigurdarson S., Epidemiology of scrapie in Iceland and experience with control measures, in: Bradley R. et al. (Eds.), Sub-Acute Spongiform Encephalopathies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991, pp. 233-242.
36. Tranulis M.A., Osland A., Bratberg B., Ulvund M.J., Prion protein gene polymorphisms in sheep with natural scrapie and healthy controls in Norway, J. Gen. Virol. (1999) 80:1073-1077.
37. Vitezica Z.G., Elsen J.M., Rupp R., Diaz C., Using genotype probabilities in survival analysis: a scrapie case, Genet. Sel. Evol. (2005) 37:403-415.
38. Wilesmith J.W., Wells G.A., Cranwell M.P., Ryan J.B., Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies, Vet. Rec. (1988) 123:638-644.
39. Wilesmith J.W., Ryan J.B., Atkinson M.J., Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin, Vet. Rec. (1991) 128:199-203.