The advertising of pharmaceuticals direct to consumers: a critical review of the literature and debate

International Journal of Advertising

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 5-52

  Auton, Frank ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847105263     PISSN: 02650487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02650487.2004.11072871     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. A C Nielsen (2003) A C Nielsen finds effectiveness of DTCA goes beyond initial sale. Press release.
2. American Advertising Federation (2002a) Legislative Activity Report, Government Affairs.
3. Amercian Advertising Federation (2002b) DTCA plays important role in promoting public health, Government Affairs.
4. AAF (2003) DTC Advertising. Joint Government Affairs conference report.
5. ABPI (1999) Research & development of new medicines. Media briefing.
6. ABPI (2002) Disease awareness campaigns. Press release, 24 April.
7. ABPI (2002) Facts and Statistics from the Pharmaceutical Industry.
8. ABPI (2003) Code of Practice 2003.
9. American Diabetes Association (2002).
10. Ad Age (2003) Report on FDA physician survey, January.
11. Advertising Medicines and Providing Healthcare Information on the Internet.
12. Benson, R. (2001) DTC–beyond the US horizon, Healthworld Communications Group, News and Views, May.
13. Benson, R. (2001) DTC–beyond the US horizon, Healthworld News & Views, May.
14. Blakenhorn, K., Duckowitz, N. & Sherr, M. (2001) Power to the People. IMS health report.
15. Brichacek, A & Sellars, L.J. (2001) Flexing Their Budgets–Big Pharma Spend Trends. Pharmaceutical Executive special report.
16. British Medical Journal (2002) 324, 1416. UK consumers reject DTCA.
17. British Medical Journal (2003) New Zealand GPs call for end to DTCA. News Roundup, June.
18. British Medical Journal (2003) 326, 1302. Should pharmaceutical companies be allowed to talk direct to consumers? Yes, Trevor Jones, ABPI. No, Wendy Garlick, Consumers Association.
19. Britten, N & Ukoumunne, O (1997) The influence of patients’ hopes of receiving a prescription on doctors’ perceptions and the decision to prescribe, British Medical Journal, 315, 1506–1510.
20. Calfee, J. (2001) What the FDA Survey showed about direct -to consumer prescription drug advertising, Economic Realities in Healthcare, 2(1), 10–15.
21. Calfee, J. (2002a) DTCA Benefits Consumers. Pfizer Forum.
22. Calfee, J. (2002b) Public policy issues in direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 21(2), 174–193.
23. Calfee, J. (2003) What do we know about DTCA?, Perspectives, February.
24. Cardy, P., Clayton, H., Edwards, B. & Gay, M (1999) Keeping the Patient in the Dark. IEA.
25. Chandler, J. & Owen, M. (2002) Pharmaceuticals: the new brand arena, International Journal of Market Research, 44(4).
26. Chataway, M. (2003) Dinosaurs, drugs and politics, Pharmiweb, February.
27. Coalition for Healthcare Communications (2003) Report on Harvard Study of DTCA on Doctor/Patient Dialogue.
28. Cockburn, J & Pitt, S (1997) Prescribing behaviour in clinical practice: patients’ expectations and doctors’ perceptions of patient expectations, British Medical Journal, 315, 520–523.
29. Consumers Association (2001) Promotion of Prescription Drugs. Public Health or Private Profit.
30. Consumers Association (2002) Public Health or Private Profit. Briefing paper.
31. Consumers Association (2003) Drug Advertising. Consumers Association Campaigns.
32. Consumers Health Forum of Australia (2002) CHF Draft Response to the Draft Report of a Review of Advertising Therapeutic Products in Australia and New Zealand.
33. Costello, M. & Hopkins, R. (2002) Consumer attitudes toward DTC advertising: myths and realities, ESOMAR Global Healthcare Conference.
34. Coulter, A. et al. (1999) Informing patients: an assessment of the quality of patient information materials, British Medical Journal, 318, 1494.
35. Kaiser Family Foundation (2003) Impact of DTCA on Prescription Drug Spending.
36. Davis, J. (2000) Riskier than we think–the relationship between risk statement completeness and perceptions of DTCA drugs, Journal of Health Communication, 5(4).
37. Detmer, D.E., Singleton, P.D., Macleod, A., Wait, S., Taylor, M. & Ridgewell, J. (2003) The Informed Patient. Study report, Cambridge University Health, Judge Institute of Management.
38. Donaldson, L. (2003) Expert patients usher in new opportunity for the NHS, British Medical Journal, 326, 1279.
39. Downs, J. R., Clearfield, M., Wets, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D., Beere, P., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E., Kruyer, W. & Grotto, A. (1998) JAMA, 279(20), 1615–1627.
40. Drugs.com (2002) Reported Boom in DTCA.
41. EFPIA (2001) The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures.
42. EFPIA (2003) Informed Patient–Possible Ways Forward.
43. FDA (2003) Announcing Results of 2002 FDA Physician Survey. Talk paper.
44. FDA Guidance for Industry (1999) The Basics of DTCA.
45. FDA Guidance for Industry (1999) Consumer Directed Broadcast Advertisements.
46. Federal Trade Commission Workshop (2002) DTCA–Is it Helping or Hurting.
47. Gay, H. (1999) Keeping the Patient in the Dark. IEA, 7.
48. Grosvenor, A. (2003) Pharmas under fire, Investors Chronicle, August. Guardian (2002) Europe rejects DTCA, 23 October.
49. HAI Europe (2002) Providing Prescription Medicine Information to Consumers. Symposium report.
50. Harvard School of Public Health (2003) DTCA grows rapidly but remains a small proportion of drug promotional spend. Press release.
51. Health & Age (2003) Advertising prescription drugs direct to patients, November.
52. Health Action International (2001) DTCA proposed legislative changes in Europe.
53. Herxheimer, A., Lundberg, S. &Westworth, C. (1993) Advertisments for Medicines in Leading Medical Journals in 18 Countries: A 12 month Survey of Information Content & Standards, International Journal of Health Services, 23(1), 161–172.
54. Hirschfeld, R. M., Itellor, M. B., Panico, S., Barlow, D., Davidoff, F., Endicott, J., Froom, J., Goldstein, M., Gorman, J. M., Narek, R. G., Mauper, T. A., Moyer, R., Phillips, K., Ross, J., Schwenk, T. L., Sharfstein, S. S., Thase, M. E.& Wyatt, R. J. (1997) JAMA, 277, 333–340.
55. Hoffman, J. & Wilkes, M (1999) Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs, British Medical Journal, 318, 1301–1302.
56. Hollon, M. (1999) Direct to Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs: Creating Consumer Demand, JAMA, 281(4), 382–384.
57. IMS Health (2003) Global Pharmaceutical Sales.
58. InPharm.Com (2002) Frost & Sullivan Report on DTCA in the US (www.inpharm.com). International Osteoporosis Foundation (2001).
59. Ipsos Research North America (2003) Advertising recall for prescription drugs rises, Pharm Trends, 25 March.
60. Journal of Health Communication (2001) 8(2). To have or have not–ethics and regulation of DTCA.
61. Journal of Health Communication (2002) 16(5). Ask your doctor about–DTCA and HIV.
62. Keith, A. (2001) Information matters: the consumer as integrated healthcare system, Economic Realities in Healthcare, 2(1), 16–18.
63. Kennedy, I. (2003) Patients are experts in their field, British Medical Journal, 326, 1276.
64. Krummulz, H., Radford, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Meiat, A. & Marcincait, T. (1998) JAMA, 280, 623–629.
65. Lancet, (2002) Editorial, 359, 1167.
66. Lichtenberg, F (2002) Benefits and Costs of Newer Drugs. National Bureau of Economic Research.
67. Liebman, M. (2001) DTC’s role in the statin bonanza, Medical Marketing and Media, November.
68. Macfarlane, J. Holmet, W., Macfarlane, R. & Britten, N. (1997) Influence of patients’ expectations on antibiotic management of acute lower respiratory tract illness, British Medical Journal, 315, 1211–1214.
69. Manning, R. & Keith, A. (2001) The economics of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs, Economic Realities in Healthcare, 2(1), 3–9.
70. Massachusetts General Hospital (2003) Patients report DTCA may lead to new diagnosis. Press release.
71. Massey University News (2003) Prescription medicines advertising has benefits.
72. Matthews, M. (2001) Who’s Afraid of Pharmaceutical Advertising. Institute of Policy Innovation policy report 155.
73. Medawar, C. (2002) Because you’re worth it–consequences of DTCA, Health Matters, December.
74. Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (2002) Disease Awareness Campaigns. Guidance note 26.
75. Medscape (2002) Misleading Ads Persist.
76. Medscape (2003) DTC Ads Interview with Tom Abrahams. News report.
77. Medscape (2003) Projecting Future Drug Expenditure.
78. Meek, C. (2001) Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Pharmaceuticals–A Review of International Policy and Evidence. Report for the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
79. Mintzes, B. DTCA is medicalising normal human experience, British Medical Journal, 324(7432), 908.
80. Moodie, P. (2000) Public has a right to balanced information on medicine. PHARMAC GP column, 18 April.
81. National Health Council (2002) DTCA–Overview and Recommendations.
82. Neslin, S. (2001) RAPP Study 1995–1999 (www.rxpromoroi.org).
83. NIHCM Foundation (2001) Prescription Drug Expenditure in 2000.
84. NIHCM Foundation (2002) Prescription Drug Expenditure in 2001.
85. Palumbo, F. & Mullins, D. (2002) The development of DTCA regulation, Food and Drug Law Journal, 57, 423–443.
86. Perri, M. (1999) The past present and future of DTCA in the pharmaceutical industry, Clinical Therapeutics, 21(10), 1798–1811.
87. Pfizer (2001) Impact of DTCA on Patient Compliance (www.pfizer.com).
88. Pfizer (2002) DTCA. Public policy brief.
89. Pharma Rep Publications (2001) Pharmaceutical Marketing Approaches.
90. Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (2002) European Parliament recognises special nature of pharmaceuticals. Press release.
91. Pharmaceutical Journal, 267(7165), 359–365. Report on World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Congress 2001, The potential of DTC.
92. Pharmaceutical Training Initiative (2002) Report on FDA–Physician Survey.
93. Pharmafile (2002) DTCA Back on EU Agenda.
94. Pharmafile (2003) DTC–The New Philosopher’s Stone.
95. Pharmafocus Disease Awareness Campaigns.
96. PHRMA (2003) DTCA Addresses under Treatment–Report on Weissman Study.
97. Public Citizen (2001) Report on US Senate Committee Hearing on DTCA, July.
98. Pilling, D. (1999) Just what the patient ordered: the practice of advertising drugs is spreading, Financial Times, March 20th 1999, 11.
99. Ratzen, S. (2003) Direct to consumer communication–an analysis of the current environment in the USA and Europe, Korrekturfahne, July.
100. Researched Medicines Industry Association New Zealand (2000) DTCA Can Enhance Public Health. Briefing paper.
101. Researched Medicines Industry Association New Zealand (2002) Marketing and DTCA. Briefing paper.
102. Researched Medicines Industry Association New Zealand (2002) The Case for DTCA.
103. Researched Medicines Industry Association New Zealand (2003) In Support of DTCA. GP weekly article.
104. Reuters (2000) The Evolution of DTC Marketing across Key Pharmaceutical Markets Rosenthal, M. P., Bendt, E. R., Donomme, J. M., Frank, R. G. & Epstein, A. M. (2002) Special report promotion of prescription drugs to consumers, New England Journal of Medicine, 346(7).
105. Stanford University Medical Centre (2003) Stanford study calculates cost of pharmaceutical marketing efforts. Press release, 19 May.
106. Stryer, D et al. (1996) JGIM, 11, 575, October 1996.
107. Submission to WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (2001) DTCA–New Zealand.
108. Taggart, M. (2002) Consumer Education Makes a Difference, Employee Benefit News, 16(13), available online at www.benefitnews.com
109. Toogoolawa Consulting Pty Ltd (2002) Report of a Review of Advertising Therapeutic Products in Australia and New Zealand.
110. Toop, L., Richards, D. Dr., Dower, T., Tilyard, M., Fraser, T. & Arrol, B. (2003) DTCA in New Zealand–Report to Minister of Health Supporting the Ban on DTCA. New Zealand Department of General Health.
111. Tufts Centre for the Study of Drug Development (2002) Press release, March.
112. Tyndale-Biscoe, J. (2003) Prescription marketing, Marketing, 7 August.
113. US Senate Special Committee on Aging (2003) Commentary of Marjorie Powell–Senior Assistant General Counsel PHRMA.
114. Weissman, J., Blumenthal, D., Silk, A., Zapert, K., Newman, M. & Leitman, R. (2003) Consumers Report on Health Effects of DTCA. Data Watch study report.
115. Wilkes, M. S et al. Health Affairs, 19(2), 110.
116. Wold-Olsen, P. (2002) The customer revolution, Eighth Annual Economist Pharmaceuticals Conference, February.