The influence of hunting on antipredator behavior in Central African monkeys and duikers

Biotropica

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 257-263

  Croes, Barbara M ^a,d   Laurance, William F ^b   Lahm, Sally A ^c   Tchignoumba, Landry ^a   Alonso, Alfonso ^a   Lee, Michelle E ^a   Campbell, Patrick ^a   Buij, Ralph ^d  

^a SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

^c Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale   (Gabon)

^d LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Conservation; Gabon; Hunting; Rain forest

Indexed keywords

ALARM SIGNAL; ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; GROUP BEHAVIOR; HUNTING; POPULATION DENSITY; PREDATION RISK; PRIMATE; RAINFOREST; RUMINANT; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

AFRICA; CENTRAL AFRICA; GABON; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33846977409     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: 17447429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00247.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. ALCOCK, J. 1997. Animal behavior: An evolutionary approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
2. ALONSO, A., M. E. LEE, P. CAMPBELL, O. S. G. PAUWELS, AND F. DALLMEIER. (Eds.) 2006. Gamba, Gabon: Biodiversity of an equatorial African rain forest. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 1-448.
3. ANDERSON, C. M. 1981. Subtrooping in a chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) population. Primates 22: 445-458.
4. ANGEHR, G., B. SCHMIDT, F. NJIE, P. CHRISTY, C. GEBHARD, L. TCHIGNOUMBA, AND M. A. E. OMBENOTORI. 2005. Bird surveys in the Gamba complex of protected areas, Gabon. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 385-410.
5. BAENNINGER, R., R. D. ESTES, AND S. BALDWIN. 1977. Anti-predator behaviour of baboons and impalas toward a cheetah. East Afr. Wildl. J. 15: 327-329.
6. BARNES, R. F.W., K. BEARDSLEY, F. MICHELMORE, K. L. BARNES, M. ALERS, AND A. BLOM. 1997. Estimating forest elephant numbers with dung counts and a geographic information system. J. Wildl. Manage. 61: 1384-1393.
7. BEDNEKOFF, P. A., AND S. L. LIMA. 1998. Re-examining safety in numbers: Interaction between risk dilution and collective detection depend upon predator targeting behaviour. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 265: 2021-2026.
8. BERT, J., H. AYATS, A. MARTINO, AND H. COLLOMB. 1967. Note sur l'organisation de la vigilance sociale chez le babouin Papio papio dans l'Est Senegalais. Folia primatol. 6: 44-47.
9. BOESCH, C. 1991. The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour 117: 221-241.
10. BOESCH, C., AND H. BOESCH. 1989. Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 78: 547-573.
11. BOINSKI, S., A. TREVES, AND C. A. CHAPMAN. 2000. A critical evaluation of the influence of predators on primates: effects on group travel. In S. Boinski and P. Garber (Eds.). On the move: How and why animals travel in groups, pp. 43-72. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
12. BRASHARES, J. S. 2003. Ecological, behavioral and life-history correlates of mammal extinctions in West Africa. Conserv. Biol. 17: 733-743.
13. BSHARY, R. 2001. Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus Diana, adjust their antipredator response behaviour to human hunting strategies. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50: 251-256.
14. BSHARY, R., AND R. NOË. 1997a. Anti-predation behaviour of red colobus monkeys in the presence of chimpanzees. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41: 321-333.
15. BSHARY, R., AND R. NOË. 1997b. Red colobus and Diana monkeys provide mutual protection against predators. Anim. Behav. 54: 1461-1474.
16. CARO, T.M. 1995. Pursuit-deterrence revisited. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10: 500-503.
17. CARO, T.M., C. M. GRAHAM, C. J. STONER, AND J. K. VARGAS. 2004. Adaptive significance of antipredator behaviour in artiodactyls. Anim. Behav. 67: 205-228.
18. CHAPMAN, C. A., AND L. J. CHAPMAN. 1996. Mixed species primate groups in the Kibale Forest: Ecological constraints on association. Int. J. Primatol. 17: 31-50.
19. CHAPMAN, C. A., R. W. WRANGHAM, AND L. J. CHAPMAN. 1995. Ecological constraints on group size: An analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 36: 59-70.
20. DUNBAR, R. I. M. 1988. Primate social systems. Cornell University Press, New York, New York.
21. EMMONS, L. H. 1984. Geographic variation in densities and diversities of non-flying mammals in Amazonia. Biotropica 16: 210-222.
22. FA, J. E., S. F. RYAN, AND D. J. BELL. 2005. Hunting vulnerability, ecological characteristics and harvest rates of bushmeat species in Afrotropical forests. Biol. Conserv. 121: 167-176.
23. FITZGIBBON, C. D. 1990. Anti-predator strategies of immature Thomson's gazelles: Hiding and the prone response. Anim. Behav. 40: 846-855..
24. GAUTHIER-HION, A., AND J. P. GAUTIER. 1974. Les associations polyspécifiques de Cercopithèques du Plateau de M'passa (Gabon). Folia Primatol. 22: 134-177.
25. GAUTHIER-HION, A., R. QURIS, AND J. P. GAUTIER. 1983. Monospecific vs polyspecific life: A comparative study of foraging and antipredatory tactics in a community of Cercopithecus monkeys. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 12: 325-335.
26. GILLESPIE, T. R., AND C. A. CHAPMAN. 2001. Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius): An evolution of the generality of the ecological-constraints model. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50: 329-338.
27. HAMILTON, W. D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd. J. Theor. Biol. 31: 295-311.
28. HART, J. A., M. KATEMBO, AND K. PUNGA 1996. Diet, prey selection and ecological relations of leopard and golden cat in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. Afr. J. Ecol. 34: 364-379.
29. HENSCHEL, P., K. A. ABERNETHY, AND L. J. T. WHITE. 2005. Leopard food habits in the Lopé National Park, Gabon, Central Africa. Afr. J. Ecol. 43: 21-28.
30. HEYMANN, E.W., AND H. M. BUCHANAN-S MITH. 2000. The behavioural ecology of mixed- species troops of callitrichine primates. Biol. Rev. Camb. Phil. Soc. 75: 169-190.
31. HILL, R. A., AND R. I. M. DUNBAR. 1998. An evaluation of the roles of predation rate and predation risk as selective pressures on primate grouping behaviour. Behaviour 135: 411-430.
32. HIRTH, D. H., AND D. R. MCCULLOUGH. 1977. Evolution of alarm signals in ungulates with special reference to white-tailed deer. Am. Nat. 111: 31-42.
33. HUNTER, L. T. B., AND J. D. SKINNER. 1998. Vigilance behaviour in African ungulates: The role of predator pressure. Behaviour 135: 195-211.
34. JANSON, C. H., AND M. L. GOLDSMITH. 1995. Predicting group size in primates: Foraging costs and predation risks. Behav. Ecol. 6: 326-336.
35. KILTIE, R. A. 1980. Application of search theory to the analysis of prey aggregation as an antipredation tactic. J. Theor. Biol. 87: 201-206.
36. KINGDON, J. 1997. The Kingdon field guide to African mammals. Academic press, London, UK.
37. KOSTER, S. H., AND J. A. HART. 1988. Methods for estimating ungulate populations in tropical forests. African J. Ecol. 26: 117-126.
38. LAHM, S. A. 1986. Diet and habitat preference of the mandrill, Mandrillus sphinx: Implications of foraging strategy. Am J. Primatol. 11: 9-26.
39. LAHM, S. A. 1993a. Utilization of forest resources and local variation of wildlife populations in northeastern Gabon. In C. M. Hladik, A. Hladik, O. F. Linares, H. Pagezy, A. Semple, and M. Hadley (Eds.). Tropical forests, people and food. Biocultural interactions and applications to development, pp. 213-227. UNESCO and the Parthenon Publishing Group, Paris, France.
40. LAHM, S. A. 1993b. Ecology and economics of human/wildlife interaction in northeastern Gabon. PhD Dissertation, New York University, New York.
41. LAURANCE, W. F., A. ALONSO, M. E. LEE, AND P. CAMPBELL. 2006b. Challenges for forest conservation in Gabon, central Africa. Futures 38: 454-470.
42. LAURANCE, W. F., B. M. CROES, L. TCHIGNOUMBA, S. A. LAHM, A. ALONSO, M. E. LEE, P. CAMPBELL, AND C. ONDZEANO. 2006b. Impact of roads and hunting on Central African rain forest mammals. Conserv. Biol. 20: 1251-1261.
43. LAURANCE, W. F., T. E. LOVEJOY, H. L. VASCONCELOS, E. BRUNA, R. DIDHAM, P. STOUFFER, C. GASCON, R. BIERREGAARD, S. LAURANCE, AND E. SAMPIAO. 2002. Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: A 22-year investigation. Conserv. Biol. 16: 605-618.
44. LIMA, S. L. 1995. Back to the basics of anti-predatory vigilance: The group-size effect. Anim. Behav. 49: 11-20.
45. LIMA, S. L., AND P. A. BEDNEKOFF. 1999. Temporal variation in danger drives antipredator behavior: The predation risk allocation hypothesis. Am. Nat. 153(6): 649-659.
46. LIMA, S. L., AND L. M. DILL. 1990. Behavioural decisions under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 86: 619-640.
47. LIMA, S. L., AND A. ZOLLNER. 1996. Anti-predatory vigilance and the limits to collective detection: Visual and spatial separation between foragers. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38: 355-363.
48. MITCHELL, A. H., AND R. L. TILSON. 1986. Restoring the balance: Traditional hunting and primate conservation in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. In J. G. Else and P. C. Lee (Eds.). Primate ecology and conservation, pp. 249-260. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
49. NEWING, H. 2001. Bushmeat hunting and management: Implications of duiker ecology and interspecific competition. Biodivers. Conserv. 10: 99-118.
50. OJASTI, J. 1991. Human exploitation of capybara. In J. G. Robinson and K. H. Redford (Eds.). Neotropical wildlife use and conservation, pp. 236-255. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
51. REED, J. M. 1999. The role of behavior in recent avian extinctions and endangerments. Conserv. Biol. 13: 232-241.
52. ROBERTS, G. 1996. Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases. Anim. Behav. 51: 1077-1086.
53. VAN. SCHAIK, C. P., 1983. Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour 87: 120-144.
54. VAN. SCHAIK, C. P., AND J. A. R. A. M. VAN HOOFF. 1983. On the ultimate causes of primate social systems. Behaviour 85: 91-117.
55. VAN. SCHAIK, C. P., AND M. A. VAN NOORDWIJK. 1985. The evolutionary effect of the absence of felids on the social organisation of the Simeulue monkey (Macaca fascicularis fusca, Miller 1903). Int. J. Primatol. 6: 180-200.
56. SHULTZ, S. 2001. Notes on interactions between monkeys and African crowned eagles in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Folia Primatol. 72: 248-250.
57. SHULTZ, S. 2002. Population density, breeding chronology and diet of crowned eagles in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Ibis 144: 135-139.
58. STACEY, P. B. 1986. Group size and foraging efficiency in yellow baboons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18: 175-187.
59. STANFORD, C. B. 1995. The influence of chimpanzee predation on group size and anti-predator behaviour in red colobus monkeys. Anim. Behav. 49: 577-587.
60. STRUHSAKER, T. T. 1969. Correlates of ecology and social organization among African cercopithecines. Folia primatol. 11: 80-118.
61. STRUHSAKER, T. T. 1981. Polyspecific associations among tropical rain-forest primates. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 57: 268-304.
62. TERBORGH, J., AND C. H. JANSON. 1986. The socioecology of primate groups. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 111-136.
63. TREVES, A. 1999. Has predation shaped the social system of arboreal primates?. Int J. Prim. 20: 35-53.
64. TREVES, A., A. DRESCHER, AND N. INGRISANO. 2001. Vigilance and aggregation in black howler monkeys Alouatta pigra. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50: 90-95.
65. VERDADE, L. M. 1996. The influence of hunting pressure on the social behavior of vertebrates. Rev. Bras. Biol. 56: 1-13.
66. WATANABE, K. 1981. Variations in group composition and population density of two sympatric Mentawaian leaf-monkeys. Primates 22: 145-160.
67. WRANGHAM, R. W., J. L. GITTLEMAN, AND C. A. CHAPMAN. 1993. Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: Population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32(3): 199-209.
68. ZUBERBÜHLER, K. 2000. Causal knowledge of predators' behaviour in wild Diana monkeys. Anim. Behav. 59: 209-220.
69. ZUBERBÜHLER, K., AND D. JENNY. 2002. Leopard predation and primate evolution. J. Human Evol. 43: 873-886.
70. ZUBERBÜHLER, K., D. JENNY, AND R. BSHARY. 1999. The predator deterrence function of primate alarm calls. Ethology 105: 477-490.
71. ZUBERBÜHLER, K., R. NOË, AND R. M. SEYFARTH. 1997. Diana monkey long-distance calls: Messages for conspecifics and predators. Anim. Behav. 53: 589-604.