Precipitation chloride at West Point, NY: Seasonal patterns and possible contributions from non-seawater sources

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 41, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2240-2254

  Shapiro, J B ^a,b   Simpson, H J ^a,b   Griffin, K L ^a,b   Schuster, W S F ^c  

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^c Black Rock Forest Consortium   (United States)

Author keywords

Coal combustion; HCl; Incineration; NADP; Sea salt dechlorination

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; CHLORINE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; TRACE ELEMENTS; WATERSHEDS;

SEA SALT AEROSOLS; SEA SALT DECHLORINATION; TERRESTRIAL DUSTS; WET DEPOSITION;

PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL);

CHLORIDE; COAL; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; SEA WATER; SODIUM;

AEROSOL; CATION; CHLORIDE; COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT; DECHLORINATION; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; INCINERATION; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SEA SALT; SEASONAL VARIATION; SODIUM; SURFACE WATER; WET DEPOSITION;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; DOMESTIC WASTE; ELECTRIC POWER PLANT; INCINERATION; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; POLLUTION CONTROL; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEA POLLUTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUMMER; WET DEPOSITION; WINTER;

NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WEST POINT;

EID: 33846920630     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.049     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Appelo C.A.J., and Postma D. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution (1996), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands
2. 3, particulate sulfate and PM2.5 in New York, NY. Atmospheric Environment 37, 2825-2835.
3. Berner E.K., and Berner R.A. Global Environment: Water, Air, Geochemical Cycles (1996), Simon and Schuster, Upper Saddle River, NJ
4. Butler T.J., Likens G.E., and Stunder B.J.B. Regional-scale impacts of phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments in the USA: the relation between emissions and concentrations, both wet and dry. Atmospheric Environment 35 (2001) 1015-1028
5. - in the eastern USA. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 2093-2104
6. Claassen H.C., and Halm D.R. Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow. Water Resources Research 32 (1996) 363-372
7. Dossett, S., 2004. National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL, personal communication.
8. Draxler, R.R., Rolph, G.D., 2003. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). Model access via NOAA ARL READY Website NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD. 〈http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html〉.
9. Eldering A., Solomon P.A., Salmon L.G., Fall T., and Cass G.R. Hydrochloricacid-a regional perspective on concentrations and formation in the atmosphere of Southern California. Atmospheric Environment Part A-general Topics 25 (1991) 2091-2102
10. 2 production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 104 (1999) 8347-8372
11. Feng X.H., Kirchner J.W., and Neal C. Measuring catchment-scale chemical retardation using spectral analysis of reactive and passive chemical tracer time series. Journal of Hydrology 292 (2004) 296-307
12. Feth, J.H., 1981. Chloride in natural continental water: a review. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 2176.
13. Foltescu V.L., Lindgren E.S., Isakson J., Oblad M., Tiede R., Sommar J., Pacyna J.M., and Toerseth K. Airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes of major and trace species at marine stations in southern Scandinavia. Atmospheric Environment 30 (1996) 3857-3872
14. Forti M.C., Boulet R., Melfi A.J., and Neal C. Hydrogeochemistry of a small catchment in Northeastern Amazonia: a comparison between natural with deforested parts of the catchment (Serra do Navio, Amapa State, Brazil). Water Air and Soil Pollution 118 (2000) 263-279
15. Galloway J.N., and Whelpdale D.M. An atmospheric sulfur budget for Eastern North-America. Atmospheric Environment 14 (1980) 409-417
16. Gilliland A.B., Butler T.J., and Likens G.E. Monthly and annual bias in weekly (NADP/NTN) versus daily (AIRMoN) precipitation chemistry data in the Eastern USA. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 5197-5206
17. Gong S.L., Barrie L.A., and Blanchet J.P. Modeling sea-salt aerosols in the atmosphere. 1. Model development. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 102 (1997) 3805-3818
18. Gordon, J., Latysh, N., Lindholm, S., 2003. External quality assurance results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 1997-99. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
19. Graedel T.E., and Keene W.C. Tropospheric budget of reactive chlorine. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9 (1995) 47-77
20. Graedel T.E., and Keene W.C. The budget and cycle of Earth's natural chlorine. Pure and Applied Chemistry 68 (1996) 1689-1697
21. 3 levels in the Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) atmosphere: implications for sea-salt aerosol fractionation in the winter and summer. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 107 (2002)
22. Kaushal S.S., Groffman P.M., Likens G.E., Belt K.T., Stack W.P., Kelly V.R., Band L.E., and Fisher G.T. Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (2005) 13517-13520
23. Keene W.C., Khalil M.A.K., Erickson D.J., McCulloch A., Graedel T.E., Lobert J.M., Aucott M.L., Gong S.L., Harper D.B., Kleiman G., Midgley P., Moore R.M., Seuzaret C., Sturges W.T., Benkovitz C.M., Koropalov V., Barrie L.A., and Li Y.F. Composite global emissions of reactive chlorine from anthropogenic and natural sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 104 (1999) 8429-8440
24. Kelly V.R., Lovett G.M., Weathers K.C., and Likens G.E. Trends in atmospheric concentration and deposition compared to regional and local pollutant emissions at a rural site in southeastern New York, USA. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 1569-1575
25. Lamb D., and Bowersox V. The national atmospheric deposition program: an overview. Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 1661-1663
26. Langner J., Rodhe H., Crutzen P.J., and Zimmermann P. Anthropogenic influence on the distribution of tropospheric sulfate aerosol. Nature 359 (1992) 712-716
27. Lawrence J.R., Gedzelman S.D., White J.W.C., Smiley D., and Lazov P. Storm trajectories in Eastern-United-States D/H isotopic composition of precipitation. Nature 296 (1982) 638-640
28. Legrand M.R., and Delmas R.J. Formation of HCl in the Antarctic atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 93 (1988) 7153-7168
29. Lightowlers P.J., and Cape J.N. Sources and fate of atmospheric HCL in the UK and Western-Europe. Atmospheric Environment 22 (1988) 7-15
30. Liu K.L., Xie W., Li D., Pan W.P., Riley J.T., and Riga A. The effect of chlorine and sulfur on the composition of ash deposits in a fluidized bed combustion system. Energy and Fuels 14 (2000) 963-972
31. Lovett G.M., Likens G.E., Buso D.C., Driscoll C.T., and Bailey S.W. The biogeochemistry of chlorine at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, USA. Biogeochemistry 72 (2005) 191-232
32. Lynch, J.A., Bowersox, V., Grimm, J.W., 1996. Trends in precipitation chemistry in the United States, 1983-94: an analysis of the effects in 1995 of phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Title IV. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 96-0346.
33. McCulloch A., Aucott M.L., Benkovitz C.M., Graedel T.E., Kleiman G., Midgley P.M., and Li Y.F. Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 104 (1999) 8391-8403
34. Moody J.L., Pszenny A.A.P., Gaudry A., Keene W.C., Galloway J.N., and Polian G. Precipitation composition and its variability in the Southern IndianOcean-Amsterdam-Island 1980-1987. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 96 (1991) 20769-20786
35. NADP, 1998. Quality Assurance Report: National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 1988. Laboratory Operations Central Analytical Laboratory, Champaign, IL, 61820-7495.
36. NADP, 2003. Quality Assurance Report: National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2001- NADP QA report 2003-1. Laboratory Operations Central Analytical Laboratory, Champaign, IL, 61820-7495.
37. NADP, 2004a. National Atmospheric Deposition Program description of parameters included in NADP/NTN report of weekly concentration data. NADP Program Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL, 61820. 〈http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/documentation/notes-wk.html〉.
38. NADP, 2004b. National Atmospheric Deposition Program Notification of Important Change in NADP/NTN Procedures on 11 January 1994. NADP Program Offices, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL, 61820. 〈http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/documentation/advisory.html〉.
39. NADP, 2004c. National Atmospheric Deposition Program. At 〈http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu〉.
40. 2 emissions from coal combustion by calcium magnesium acetate. Fuel 83 (2004) 149-155
41. Peters N.E., and Ratcliffe E.B. Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain research watershed, Georgia, USA. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 105 (1998)
42. Qin D.H., Mayewski P.A., Ren J.W., Xiao C.D., and Sun J.Y. The Weddell Sea region: an important precipitation channel to the interior of the Antarctic ice sheet as revealed by glaciochemical investigation of surface snow along the longest trans-Antarctic route. Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999) 55-60
43. Rasch P.J., Barth M.C., Kiehl J.T., Schwartz S.E., and Benkovitz C.M. A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3 (vol. 105, p. 1367-1386). Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 105 (2000) 6783
44. Rodhe H. Human impact on the atmospheric sulfur balance. Tellus Series A-Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 51 (1999) 110-122
45. Rolph, G.D., 2003. Real-time Environmental Applications and Display System (READY). Website 〈http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html〉. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD.
46. Roth B., and Okada K. On the modification of sea-salt particles in the coastal atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 32 (1998) 1555-1569
47. Rothlisberger R., Mulvaney R., Wolff E.W., Hutterli M.A., Bigler M., de Angelis M., Hansson M.E., Steffensen J.P., and Udisti R. Limited dechlorination of sea-salt aerosols during the last glacial period: evidence from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 108 (2003)
48. Rudis, V.A., 1999. Ecological subregion codes by county, coterminous United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Starkville, MS 39760-0928.
49. Seames W.S., Fernandez A., and Wendt J.O.L. A study of fine particulate emissions from combustion of treated pulverized municipal sewage sludge. Environmental Science and Technology 36 (2002) 2772-2776
50. x, in preparation.
51. Sokal R.R. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research (1981), W.H. Freeman, San Francisco
52. TenHarkel M.J. The effects of particle-size distribution and chloride depletion of sea-salt aerosols on estimating atmospheric deposition at a coastal site. Atmospheric Environment 31 (1997) 417-427
53. USDOE, 2002. Energy Information Administration, November 2002. Electric power annual 2000: vol. II. Washington, DC 20585-0650. DOE/EIA-0348(22)/2.
54. USEPA, 2003. Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet): 2003 Annual Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Air and Radiation: Clean Air Markets Division, Washington, DC.
55. Woodcock A.H., Kientzler C.F., Arons A.B., and Blanchard D.C. Giant condensation nuclei from bursting bubbles. Nature 172 (1953)
56. Yue G.K., Mohnen V.A., and Kiang C.S. Mechanism for hydrochloric-acid production in cloud. Water Air and Soil Pollution 6 (1976) 277-294