Microstructure-based stress modeling of tin whisker growth

IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 265-273

  Zhao, Jie Hua ^a,b   Su, Peng ^a   Ding, Min ^a   Chopin, Sheila ^a   Ho, Paul S ^c  

^a FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR INC   (United States)

^b TEXAS INSTRUMENTS   (United States)

^c The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

Finite element method (FEM); Lead free; Package; Pb free; Sn whisker; Strain energy density; Stress; Tin whisker; Voronoi diagram; X ray diffraction (XRD)

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL GROWTH; CRYSTAL MICROSTRUCTURE; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION; CRYSTAL WHISKERS; ELASTICITY; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; PLASTICITY; THERMAL EXPANSION; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY; TIN WHISKER; VORONOI DIAGRAM;

TIN;

EID: 33846878525     PISSN: 1521334X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEPM.2006.887393     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. M. W. Barsoum, E. N. Hoffman, R. D. Doherty, S. Gupta, and A. Zavalaingos, "Driving force and mechanism for spontaneous metal whisker formation," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, 2004, article number 206104.
2. J. H. Lau and S. H. Pan, "3D nolinear stress analysis of tin whisker initiation on lead-free components," Trans. ASME J. Electron. Packag., vol. 125, pp. 621-624, Dec. 2003.
3. B.-Z. Lee and D. N. Lee, "Spontaneous growth mechanism of tin whiskers," Acta Mater., vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 3701-3714, 1998.
4. K. N. Tu, "Irreversible process of spontaeous whisker growth in bimetallic Cu-Sn thin-film reactions," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 2030-2034, 1994.
5. R. Ravelo and M. Baskes, "Equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of grey, white, and liquid tin," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 79, no. 13, pp. 2482-2485, 1997.
6. B. de Lacy Costtello and N. Ratcliffe, "The formation of Voronoi diagrams in chemical and physical systems: Experimental findings and theoretical models," Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 2187-2210, 2004.
7. D.-S Kim, Y.-C. Chung, J. J. Kim, D. Kim, and K. Yu, "Voronoi diagram as an analysis tool for spatial properties for ceramics," J. Ceramic Process. Res., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 150-152, 2002.
8. V. R. Vedula, S. J. Glass, D. M. Saylr, G. S. Rohrer,W. C. Carter, S. A. Langer, and E. R. Fuller, Jr, "Residual-stress predictions in polycrystalline alumina," J. Amer. Ceramic Soc., vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2947-2954, 2001.
9. "Mathematica 5.1," Wolfram Research, 2004 Online. Available: http://www.wolfram.com
10. "ANSYS 8.1," ANSYS Inc, 2004 Online. Available: http://www.ansys.com
11. G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 4th ed. Norwell, MA: Academic, 1995.
12. J. F. Nye, Physical Properties of Crystals. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon, 1960.
13. S. G. Lekhnitskii, Theory of Elasticity of an Anisotropic Elastic Body. San Francisco, CA: Holden-Day, 1963.
14. L. Anand, "Single-crystal elasto-viscoplasticity: Application to texture evolution in polycrystalline metals at large strains," Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., vol. 193, pp. 5359-5383, 2004.
15. L. Anand and M. Kothari, "A computational procedure for rate indenpendent crystal plasticity," J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 525-558, 1996.
16. J. Lubliner, Plasticity Theory. New York: Collier Macmillan, 1990.
17. A. N. Diulin, G. I. Kirichenko, V. D. Natsik, and V. P. Soldatov, "Lowtemperature plasticity of Zn-doped β-Sn crystal," Low Temperature Phys., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 843-847, 1997.