Evaluation of three rapid assays for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B in stool specimens

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 115-119

  Russmann H ^a   Panthel, K ^a   Bader, R C ^a   Schmitt, C ^b   Schaumann, R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN B; CYTOTOXIN;

AGAR MEDIUM; ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; FECES ANALYSIS; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TISSUE CULTURE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CULTURE MEDIA; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; ENTEROTOXINS; FECES; HUMANS; IMMUNOENZYME TECHNIQUES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REAGENT KITS, DIAGNOSTIC; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 33846807283     PISSN: 09349723     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0251-7     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Johnson S, Gerding DN (1998) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 26:1027-1036
2. Fekety R (1997) Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 92:739-750
3. Gerding DN, Johnson S, Peterson LR, Mulligan ME, Silva J Jr (1995) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16:459-477
4. Poxton IR, McCoubrey J, Blair G (2001) The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 7:421-427
5. Peterson LR, Kelly PJ (1993) The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in the management of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Infect Dis Clin North Am 7:277-293
6. Kelly CP, LaMont TJ (1998) Clostridium difficile infection. Annu Rev Med 49:375-390
7. Bouza E, Pelaez T, Alonso R, Catalan P, Munoz P, Creixems MR (2001) "Second-look" cytotoxicity: an evaluation of culture plus cytotoxin assay of Clostridium difficile isolates in the laboratory diagnosis of CDAD. J Hosp Infect 48:233-237
8. Peterson LR, Kelly PJ, Nordbrock HA (1996) Role of culture and toxin detection in laboratory testing for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15:330-336
9. Lyerly DM, Neville LM, Evans DT, Fill J, Allen S, Greene W, Sautter R, Hnatuck P, Torpey DJ, Schwalbe R (1998) Multicenter evaluation of the Clostridium difficile TOX A/B TEST. J Clin Microbiol 36:184-190
10. Merz CS, Kramer C, Forman M, Gluck L, Mills K, Senft K, Steinman I, Wallace N, Charache P (1994) Comparison of four commercially available rapid enzyme immunoassays with cytotoxin assay for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin(s) from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 32:1142-1147
11. O'Connor D, Hynes P, Cormican M, Collins E, Corbett-Feeney G, Cassidy M (2001) Evaluation of methods for detection of toxins in specimens of feces submitted for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 39:2846-2849
12. Staneck JL, Weckbach LS, Allen SD, Siders JA, Gilligan PH, Coppitt G, Kraft JA, Willis DH (1996) Multicenter evaluation of four methods for Clostridium difficile detection: ImmunoCard C. difficile, cytotoxin assay, culture, and latex agglutination. J Clin Microbiol 34:2718-2721
13. Turgeon DK, Novicki TJ, Quick J, Carlson L, Miller P, Ulness B, Cent A, Ashley R, Larson A, Coyle M, Limaye AP, Cookson BT, Fritsche TR (2003) Six rapid tests for direct detection of Clostridium difficile and its toxins in fecal samples compared with the fibroblast cytotoxicity assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:667-670
14. Vargas SO, Horensky D, Onderdonk AB (1997) Evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Pathol 50:996-1000
15. Barbut F, Delmée M, Brazier JS, Petit JC, Poxton IR, Rupnik M, Lalande V, Schneider C, Mastrantonio P, Alonso R, Kuipjer E, Tvede M, and the ESCMID Study Group on Clostridium difficile (ESGCD) (2003) A European survey of diagnostic methods and testing protocols for Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 9:989-996
16. Barbut F, Kajzer C, Planas N, Petit JC (1993) Comparison of three enzyme immunoassays, a cytotoxicity assay, and toxigenic culture for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 31:963-967
17. Bond F, Payne G, Borriello SP, Humphreys H (1995) Usefulness of culture in the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14:223-226
18. Delmée M (2001) Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 7:411-416
19. Lozniewski A, Rabaud C, Dotto E, Weber M, Mory F (2001) Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis: usefulness of Premier Cytoclone A+B enzyme immunoassay for combined detection of stool toxins and toxigenic C. difficile strains. J Clin Microbiol 39:1996-1998
20. Freeman J, Wilcox MH (2003) The effects of storage conditions on viability of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spores and toxin activity in human faeces. J Clin Pathol 56:126-128
21. Aspinall ST, Hutchinson DN (1992) New selective medium for isolating Clostridium difficile from faeces. J Clin Pathol 45:812-814
22. Cohen SH, Tang YJ, Silva J Jr (2000) Analysis of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile strains. J Infect Dis 181:659-663
23. Ackermann G, Tang YJ, Henderson JP, Rodloff AC, Silva J Jr, Cohen SH (2001) Electroporation of DNA sequences from the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) of toxigenic Clostridium difficile into a non-toxigenic strain. Mol Cell Probes 15:301-306
24. Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, Oughton M, Libman MD, Michaud S, Bourgault AM, Nguyen T, Frenette C, Kelly M, Vibien A, Brassard P, Fenn S, Dewar K, Hudson TJ, Horn R, Rene P, Monczak Y, Dascal A (2005) A predominant clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med 353: 2442-2449
25. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC Jr, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, Johnson S, Gerding DN (2005) An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 353:2433-2441
26. Ticehurst JR, Aird DZ, Dam LM, Borek AP, Hargrove JT, Carroll KC (2006) Effective detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by a two-step algorithm including tests for antigen and cytotoxin. J Clin Microbiol 44:1145-1149
27. Snell H, Ramos M, Longo S, John M, Hussain Z (2004) Performance of the TechLab C. DIFF CHEK-60 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in combination with the C. difficile Tox A/B II EIA kit, the Triage C. difficile Panel immunoassay, and a cytotoxin assay for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 42:4863-4865
28. Massey V, Gregson DB, Chagla AH, Storey M, John MA, Hussain Z (2003) Clinical usefulness of components of the Triage immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay for toxins A and B, and cytotoxin B tissue culture assay for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Am J Clin Pathol 119:45-49
29. Aldeen WE, Bingham M, Aiderzada A, Kucera J, Jense S, Carroll KC (2000) Comparison of the TOX A/B test to a cell culture cytotoxicity assay for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stools. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 36:211-213
30. Wilson KH, Kennedy MJ, Fekety RF (1982) Use of sodium taurocholate to enhance spore recovery on medium selective for Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol 15:443-446
31. Borriello SP, Honour P (1981) Simplified procedure for the routine isolation of Clostridium difficile from faeces. J Clin Pathol 34:1124-1127