Extensional v. contractional origin for the southern Menderes shear zone, SW Turkey: Tectonic and metamorphic implications

Geological Magazine

Volumn 144, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 191-210

  Bozkurt, Erdin ^a  

^a MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Contraction; Extension; Menderes Massif; Shear zone; SW Turkey

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; FAULTING; FISSION REACTIONS; KINEMATICS; SHRINKAGE;

DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE; EXTENSION; EXTENSIONAL COLLAPSE; EXTENSIONAL DEFORMATION; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MENDERES MASSIF; SHEAR ZONE; SW TURKEY;

METAMORPHIC ROCKS;

CONTRACTION; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; MARBLE; METAMORPHISM; SCHIST; SHEAR ZONE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; THRUST FAULT;

EURASIA; MENDERES MASSIF; TURKEY;

LYCIA;

EID: 33846398560     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: 14695081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756806002664     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Akgün, F. & Sözbilir, H. 2001. A palynostratigraphic approach to the SW Anatolian molasse basin: Kale-Tavas molasse and Denizli molasse. Geodinamica Acta 14, 95-101.
2. Altherr, R., Schliestedt, M., Okrusch, M., Seidel, E., Kreuzer, H., Harre, W., Lenz, H., Wendt, I. & Wagner, G. A. 1979. Geochronology of high-pressure rocks on Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70, 245-55.
3. Altunel, E., Stewart, I. S., Piccardi, L. & Barka, A. A. 2003. Earthquake faulting at ancient Cnidus, SW Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 137-52.
4. Ashworth, J. R. & Evirgen, M. M. 1984. Garnet and associated minerals in the southern margin of the Menderes Massif, southwestern Turkey. Geological Magazine 121, 323-37.
5. Avigad, D. & Garfunkel, Z. 1989. Low-angle faults above and below a blueschist belt: Tinos Island, Cyclades, Greece. Terra Nova 1, 182-9.
6. Avigad, D., Matthews, A., Evans, B. W. & Garnfunkel, Z. 1992. Cooling during the exhumation of a blueschist terrane: Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece). European Journal of Mineralogy 4, 619-34.
7. Avigad, D., Ziv, A. & Garfunkel, Z. 2001. Ductile and brittle shortening, extension-parallel folds and maintenance of crustal thickness in the central Aegean (Cyclades, Greece). Tectonics 20, 277-87.
8. Avigad, D., Garfunkel, Z., Jolivet, L. & Azaňòn, J. M. 1997. Back-arc extension and denudation of Mediterranean eclogites. Tectonics 16, 924-41.
9. Beccaletto, L. & Jenny, C. 2004. Geology and correlation of the Ezine zone: A Rhodope fragment in NW Turkey? Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 145-76.
10. Beccaletto, L. & Steiner, C. 2005. Evidence of twostage extensional tectonics from the northern edge of the Edremit Graben (NW Turkey). Geodinamica Acta 18, 283-97.
11. Becker-Platen, J. D., Benda, L. & Steffens, F. 1977. Litho-und biostratigraphische Deutung radiometrischer Altersbestimmungen aus dem Jungtertiar der Turkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch B25, 139-67.
12. Bell, T. H. 1981. Foliation development - the contribution, geometry and significance of progressive, bulk, inhomogeneous shortening. Tectonophysics 75, 273-96.
13. Bell, T. H. & Bruce, M. D. 2006. The internal inclusion trail geometries preserved within a first phase of porphyroblast growth. Journal of Structural Geology 28, 236-52.
14. Bell, T. H. & Chen, A. 2002. The development of spiral-shaped inclusion trails during multiple metamorphism and folding. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 397-412
15. Bell, T. H., Forde, A. & Wang, J. 1995. A new indicator of movement direction during orogenesis - measurement technique and application to the Alps. Terra Nova 7, 500-8.
16. Bell, T. H., Ham, A. P., Hayward, N. & Hickey, K. A. 2005. On the development of gneiss domes. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, 183-204.
17. Bell, T. H., Ham, A. P. & Hickey, K. A. 2003. Early formed regional antiforms and synforms that fold younger matrix schistosities: Their effect on sites of mineral growth. Tectonophysics 367, 253-78.
18. Bell, T. H., Ham, A. P. & Kim, H. S. 2004. Partitioning of deformation along an orogen and its effects on porphyroblast growth during orogenesis. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 825-45.
19. Bell, T. H. & Hickey, K. A. 1997. Distribution of prefolding linear movement indicators around the Spring Hill Synform, Vermont: significance for mechanism of folding in this portion of the Appalachians. Tectonophysics 274, 275-94.
20. Bell, T. H., Hickey, K. A. & Upton, G. J. G. 1998. Distinguishing and correlating multiple phases of metamorphism across a multiply deformed region using the axes of spiral, staircase and sigmoidally curved inclusion trails in garnet. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16, 767-94.
21. Bell, T. H. & Mares, V. M. 1999. Correlating deformation and metamorphism around orogenic arcs. American Mineralogist 84, 1727-40.
22. Bell, T. H. & Welch, P. W. 2002. Prolonged Acadian orogenesis: revelations from foliation intersection axis (FIA) controlled monazite dating of foliations in porphyroblasts and matrix. American Journal of Science 302, 549-81.
23. Besang, C., Eckhardt, F. J., Harre, W., Kreuzer, H. & Müller, P. 1977. Radiometrische Altersbestimmungen an neogenen Eruptivgesteinen der Türkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch B25, 3-36.
24. Bozkurt, E. 1996. Metamorphism of Palaeozoic schists in the southern Menderes Massif: Field, petrographic, textural and microstructural evidence. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 5, 105-21.
25. Bozkurt, E. 2000. Timing of extension on the Büyük Menderes Graben, western Turkey and its tectonic implications. In Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area (eds E. Bozkurt, J. A. Winchester and J. D. A. Piper), pp. 385-403. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 173.
26. Bozkurt, E. 2001a. Neotectonics of Turkey - a synthesis. Geodinamica Acta 14, 3-30.
27. Bozkurt, E. 2001b. Late Alpine evolution of the central Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 728-44.
28. Bozkurt, E. 2003. Origin of NE-trending basins in western Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 16, 61-81.
29. Bozkurt, E. 2004. Granitoid rocks of the southern Menderes Massif (southwest Turkey): Field evidence for Tertiary magmatism in an extensional shear zone. International Journal of Earth Sciences 93, 52-71.
30. Bozkurt, E. & Mittwede, S. K. 2005. Introduction: Evolution of Neogene extensional tectonics of western Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 153-65.
31. Bozkurt, E. & Oberhänsli, R. 2001. Menderes Massif (western Turkey): structural, metamorphic and magmatic evolution - a synthesis. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 679-708
32. Bozkurt, E. & Park, R. G. 1994. Southern Menderes Massif: An incipient metamorphic core complex in western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 151, 213-16.
33. Bozkurt, E. & Park, R. G. 1997a. Evolution of a mid-Tertiary extensional shear zone in the southern Menderes Massif, Western Turkey. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 168, 3-14.
34. Bozkurt, E. & Park, R. G. 1997b. Microstructures of deformed grains in the augen gneisses of southern Menderes Massif and their tectonic significance. Geologische Rundschau 86, 103-19.
35. Bozkurt, E. & Park, R. G. 1999. The structure of the Palaeozoic schists in the southern Menderes Massif, western Turkey: A new approach to the origin of the main Menderes metamorphism and its relation to the Lycian nappes. Geodinamica Acta 12, 25-42.
36. Bozkurt, E. & Park, R. G. 2001. Discussion on the evolution of the southern Menderes Massif in SW Turkey as revealed by zircon dating. Journal of the Geological Society, London 158, 393-5.
37. Bozkurt, E. & Rojay, B. 2005. Episodic, two-stage Neogene extension and short-term intervening compression in western Anatolia: Field evidence from the Kiraz basin and Bozdaǧ horst. Geodinamica Acta 18, 299-316.
38. Bozkurt, E. & Satir, M. 2000. New Rb-Sr geochronology from the southern Menderes Massif (southwestern Turkey) and its tectonic significance. Geological Journal 35, 285-96.
39. Bozkurt, E. & Sözbilir, H. 2004. Tectonic evolution of the Gediz Graben: Field evidence for an episodic, two-stage extension in western Turkey. Geological Magazine 141, 63-79.
40. Bozkurt, E., Park, R. G. & Winchester, J. A. 1993. Evidence against the core/cover interpretation of the southern sector of the Menderes Massif, west Turkey. Terra Nova 5, 445-51.
41. Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J. A. & Park, R. G. 1995. Geochemistry and tectonic significance of augen gneisses from the southern Menderes Massif (West Turkey). Geological Magazine 132, 287-301.
42. Bröcker, M. & Enders, M. 1999. U-Pb zircon geochronology of unusual eclogite-facies from Syros and Tinos (Cyclades, Greece). Geological Magazine 136, 111-18.
43. Bröcker, M. & Franz, L. 1998. Rb-Sr isotope studies on Tinos island (Cyclades, Greece): Additional time constraints for metamorphism, extent of infiltration-controlled overprinting and deformation activity. Geological Magazine 135, 369-82.
44. 39Ar and oxygen isotope studies of polymetamorphism from Tinos island, Cycladic bluschist belt, Greece. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 11, 223-40.
45. Buick, I. S. 1991. The Alpine evolution of an extensional shear zone, Naxos, Greece. Journal of the Geological Society, London 148, 93-103.
46. Çaǧlayan, M. A., Öztürk, E. M., Öztürk, Z., Sav, H. & Akat, U. 1980. Menderes Masifi güneyine ait bulgular ve yapisal yorum. Jeoloji Mühendisliǧi 10, 9-19 (in Turkish with English abstract).
47. Candan, O. 1995. Menderes Masifi'nde kalinti granulit fasiyesi metamorfizmasi. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 4, 35-55 (in Turkish with English abstract).
48. Candan, O. 1996. Çine Asmasifindeki (Menderes Masifi) gabrolarin metamorfizmasi ve diǧer asmasiflerle karşilaştirilmasi. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 5, 123-39 (in Turkish with English abstract).
49. Candan, O., Dora, O. Ö., Oberhänsli, R., Çetinkaplan, M., Partzsch, J. H., Warkus, F. C. & Dürr, S. 2001. Pan-African high-pressure metamorphism in the Precambrian basement of the Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 793-811.
50. Catlos, E. J. & Çemen, I. 2005. Monazite ages and the evolution of the Menderes Massif, western Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94, 204-17.
51. Cihan, M. 2004. The drawbacks of sectioning rocks relative to fabric orientations in the matrix: A case study from the Robertson River Metamorphics (Northern Queensland, Australia). Journal of Structural Geology 26, 2157-74.
52. Cihan, M. & Parsons, A. 2005. The use of porphyroblasts to resolve the history of macro-scale structures: An example from the Robertson River Metamorphics, North-Eastern Australia. Journal of Structural Geology 27, 1027-45.
53. Collins, A. S. & Robertson, A. H. F. 1998. Process of Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene episodic thrust-sheet translation in the Lycian Taurides, SW Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 155, 759-72.
54. Collins, A. S. & Robertson, A. H. F. 2003. Kinematic evidence for Late Mesozoic-Miocene emplacement of the Lycian allochthon over the western Anatolide belt, SW Turkey. Geological Journal 38, 295-310.
55. Coney, P. J. 1980. Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: An overview. In Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complexes (eds M. D. Crittendon Jr, P. J. Coney and G. H. Davis), pp. 7-29. Geological Society of America, Memoir no. 153.
56. de Graciansky, P. C., Lorenz, C. & Magne, J. 1970. Sur les etapes de la transgression du Miocene Inferieur observee dans les fenetres de Gocek (sud-ouest de la Turquie). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 12, 557-64.
57. Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Şentürk, Y., Yavaş, F. & Kar, H. 2004. New results on the lithostratigraphy of the Kazdaǧ Massif in northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 177-86.
58. Erdoǧan, E. & Güngör, T. 2004. The problem of the core-cover boundary of the Menderes Massif and an emplacement mechanism for regionally extensive gneissic granites, western Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 15-36.
59. Erkül, F., Helvaci, C. & SÖzbilir, H. 2005a. Evidence for two episodes of volcanism in the Bigadiç borate basin and tectonic implications for western Turkey. Geological Journal 40, 545-70.
60. Erkül, F., Helvaci, C. & Sözbilir, H. 2005b. Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Early Miocene volcanics in the Bigadiç borate basin, western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 227-53.
61. Gessner, K., Piazolo, S., Güngör, T., Ring, U., Kröner, A. & Passchier, C. W. 2001. Tectonic significance of deformation patterns in granitoid rocks of the Menderes nappes, Anatolide belt, southwest Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 766-80.
62. Gessner, K., Collins, A. S., Ring, U. & Güngör, T. 2004. Structural and thermal history of poly-orogenic basement: U-Pb gecohronology of granitoid rocks in the southern Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 161, 93-101.
63. Güngör, T. & Erdoǧan, B. 2002. Tectonic significance of mafic volcanic rocks in a Mesozoic sequence of the Menderes Massif, west Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 386-97.
64. Gürer, Ö. F. & Yilmaz, Y. 2002. Geology of the Ören and surrounding regions, SW Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 11, 2-18.
65. Gutnic, M. & Poisson, A. 1970. Un dispositif remarquable des chaines tauriques dans le Sud de la courbure d'Isparta (Turquie). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris 270, 672-5.
66. Gutnic, M., Monod, O., Poisson, A. & Dumont, J.-F. 1979. Géologie des Taurides Occidentales (Turquie). Mémoire de la Société Géologique de France, Nouvelle série 58, 1-112.
67. Hakyemez, H. Y. 1989. Geology and stratigraphy of the Cainozoic sedimentary rocks in the Kale-Kurbalik area, Denizli, southwestern Turkey. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) Bulletin 109, 1-14.
68. Hayward, A.B. 1984. Miocene clastic sedimentation related to the emplacement of the Lycian nappes and the Antalya complex, SW Turkey. In The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean (eds J. E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson), pp. 287-300. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 17.
69. Hayward, N. 1990. Determination of early fold axis orientations within multiply deformed rocks using porphyroblasts. Tectonophysics 179, 353-69.
70. Hetzel, R. & Reischmann, T. 1996. Intrusion age of Pan-African augen gneisses in the southern Menderes Massif and the age of cooling after Alpine ductile extensional deformation. Geological Magazine 133, 565-72.
71. Hetzel, R., Ring, U., Akal, C. & Troesch, M. 1995. Miocene NNE-directed extensional unroofing in the Menderes Massif, southwestern Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 152, 639-54.
72. Hetzel, R., Romer, R. L., Candan, O. & Passchier, C. W. 1998. Geology of the Bozdaǧ area, central Menderes Massif, SW Turkey: Pan-African basement and Alpine deformation. Geologische Rundschau 87, 394-406.
73. Işik, V. & Tekeli, O. 2001. Late orogenic crustal extension in the northern Menderes massif (western Turkey): Evidence for metamorphic core complex formation. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 757-65.
74. Hickey, K. A. & Bell, T. H. 2001. Resolving complexities associated with the timing of macroscopic folds in multiply deformed terrains: The Spring Hill synform, Vermont. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, 1282-98.
75. Jiang, D. Z. & Williams, P. F. 2004. Reference frame, angular momentum, and porphyroblast rotation. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 2211-24.
76. Jolivet, L., Daniel, J.-M., Truffert, C. & Goffé, B. 1996. Exhumation of deep crustal metamorphic rocks and crustal extension in back-arc regions. Lithos 33, 3-30.
77. Jolivet, L., Rimmelé, G., Oberhänsli, R., Goffé, B. & Candan, O. 2004. Correlation of syn-orogenic tectonic and metamorphic events in the Cyclades, the Lycian nappes and the Menderes Massif. Geodynamic implications. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, 217-38.
78. Jung, W. S., Ree, J. H., Park, Y. & Choi, S. H. 2002. Lattice preferred orientation of quartz inclusions within garnet porphyroblasts from the Imjingang belt, South Korea. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 557-65.
79. Kaya, O., Ünay, E., Saraç, G., Eichhorn, S., Hassenrück, S., Knappe, A., Pekdeǧer, A. & Mayda, S. 2004. Halitpaşa transpressive zone: Implications for an Early Pliocene compressional phase in central western Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 1-13.
80. Keay, S., Lister, G. & Buick, I. 2001. The timing of partial melting, Barrovian metamorphism and granite intrusion in the Naxos metamorphic core complex, Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece. Tectonophysics 342, 275-312.
81. Kim, H. S. & Bell, T. H. 2005. Combining compositional zoning and foliation intersection axes (FIAs) in garnet to quantitatively determine early P-T-t paths in multiply deformed and metamorphosed schists: North central Massachusetts, USA. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 149, 141-63.
82. Koçyiǧit, A. 2005. The Denizli graben-horst system and the eastern limit of western Anatolian continental extension: Basin fill, structure, deformational mode, throw amount and episodic evolutionary history, SW Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 167-208.
83. Koçyiǧit, A., Yusufoǧlu, H. & Bozkurt, E. 1999. Evidence from the Gediz Graben for episodic two-stage extension in western Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 156, 605-16.
84. Koralay, O. E., Dora, O. Ö., Chen, F., Satir, M. & Candan, O. 2004. Geochemistry and geochronology of orthogneisses in the Derbent (Alaşehir) area, eastern part of the Ödemiş-Kiraz submassif, Menderes Massif: Pan-African magmatic activity. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 37-61.
85. Lips, A. L. W., Cassard, D., Sözbilir, H. & Yilmaz, H. 2001. Multistage exhumation of the Menderes Massif, western Anatolia (Turkey). International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 781-92.
86. Lister, G. S., Banga, G. & Geenstra, A. 1984. Metamorphic core complexes of Cordilleran type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece. Geology 12, 221-25.
87. Loos, S. & Reischmann, T. 1999. The evolution of the southern Menderes Massif in SW Turkey as revealed by zircon datings. Journal of the Geological Society, London 156, 1021-30.
88. North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature. 1983. North American stratigraphic code. AAPG Bulletin 67, 841-75.
89. Oberhänsli, R., Candan, O., Dora, O. Ö. & Dürr, S. 1997. Eclogites within the Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Lithos 41, 135-50.
90. Oberhänsli, R., Monié, P., Candan, O., Warkus, F. C., Partzsch, J. H. & Dora, O. Ö. 1998. The age of blueschist metamorphism in the Menderes cover series of the Menderes Massif. Schweizer Mineralogische Mitteilungen 78, 309-16.
91. Oberhänsli, R., Partzsch, J., Candan, O. & Çetinkaplan, M. 2001. First occurrence of Fe-Mg-carpholite documenting a high-pressure metamorphism in metasediments of the Lycian nappes, SW Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 867-73.
92. Okay, A. I. 1980. Mineralogy, petrology and phase relations of glaucophane-lawsonite zone blueschists from the Tavşanli region, northwest Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 72, 243-55.
93. Okay, A. I. 1984. Distribution and characteristics of the northwest Turkish blueschists. In The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean (eds J. E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson), pp. 455-66. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 17.
94. Okay, A. I. 2000. Was the Late Triassic orogeny in Turkey caused by the collision of an oceanic plateau? In Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area (eds E. Bozkurt, J. A. Winchester and J. D. A. Piper), pp. 25-41. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 173.
95. Okay, A. I. 2001. Stratigraphic and metamorphic inversions in the central Menderes Massif: A new structural model. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 709-27.
96. Okay, A. I. 2002. Reply: Stratigraphic and metamorphic inversions in the central Menderes Massif: A new structural model. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 173-78.
97. Okay, A. I. & Altiner, D. 2004. Uppermost Triassic limestone in the Karakaya Complex- stratigraphic and tectonic significance. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 187-99.
98. Okay, A. I. & Göncüoǧlu, M. C. 2004. The Karakaya Complex: A review of data and concepts. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 75-95.
99. Okay, A. I., Harris, N. B. W. & Kelley, S. P. 1998. Exhumation of bleuschists along a Tethyan suture in northwest Turkey. Tectonophysics 285, 272-99.
100. Okay, A. I. & Tüysüz, O. 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. In The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen (eds B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth and M. Séranne), pp. 475-515. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 156.
101. Önay, T. S. 1949. Über die Smirgelgesteine SW-Anatoliens. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 29, 359-484.
102. Özer, S. & Sözbilir, H. 2003. Presence and tectonic significance of Cretaceous rudist species in the socalled Permo-Carboniferous Göktepe Formation, central Menderes Massif, western Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 92, 397-404.
103. Özer, S., Sözbilir, H., Özkar, I., Toker, V. & Sari, B. 2001. Stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene sequences in the southern and eastern Menderes Massif. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 852-66.
104. Özkaya, I. 1990. Origin of the allochthons in the Lycian belt, southwest Turkey. Tectonophysics 177, 367-79.
105. Özkaya, I. 1991. Evolution of a Tertiary volcanogenic trough in SW Turkey - The Alakaya basin of the Lycian belt. Geologische Rundschau 80, 657-68.
106. Passchier, C. W., Trouw, A. J., Zwart, H. J. & Vissers, L. M. 1992. Porphyroblast rotation: Eppur si muove? Journal of Metamorphic Geology 10, 283-94.
107. Pickett, E. A. & Robertson, A. H. F. 2004. Significance of the volcanogenic Nilüfer unit and related components of the Triassic Karakaya Complex for Tethyan subduction/accretion processes in NW Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 97-143.
108. Poisson, A. 1984. The extension of the Ionian trough into southwestern Turkey. In The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean (eds J. E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson), pp. 235-41. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 17.
109. Régnier, J. L., Ring, U., Passchier, C. W., Gessner, K. & Güngör, T. 2003. Contrasting metamorphic evolution of metasedimentary rocks from the Çine and Selimiye nappes in the Anatolide belt, western Turkey. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21, 699-721.
110. Reischmann, T., Kröner, A., Todt, W., Dürr, S. & Şeng∨, A. M. C. 1991. Episodes of crustal growth in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey, inferred from zircon dating. Terra Abstracts 3, 34.
111. Rimmelé, G., Jolivet, L., Oberhänsli, R. & Goffé, B. 2003a. Deformation history of the high-pressure Lycian nappes and implications for tectonic evolution of SW Turkey. Tectonics 22, 1007-29.
112. Rimmelé, G., Oberhänsli, R., Goffë, B., Jolivet, L., Candan, O. & Çetinkaplan, M. 2003b. First evidence of high-pressure metamorphism in the 'Cover Series' of the southern Menderes Massif: Tectonic and metamorphic implications for the evolution of SW Turkey. Lithos 71, 19-46.
113. Ring, U. & Lawyer, P.W. 2003. High-pressure metamorphism in the Aegean, eastern Mediterranean: Underplating and exhumation from the Late Cretaceous until the Miocene to Recent above a retreating Hellenic subduction zone. Tectonics 22, 1022, doi: 10. 1029/2001TC001350.
114. Ring, U., Gessner, K., Güngör, T. & Passchier, C. W. 1999. The Menderes Massif of western Turkey and the Cycladic Massif in the Aegean - do they really correlate? Journal of the Geological Society, London 156, 3-6.
115. Ring, U., Willner, A. & Lackmann, W. 2001. Stacking of nappes with different pressure-temperature paths: An example from the Menderes nappes of western Turkey. American Journal of Science 301, 912-44.
116. Ring, U., Johnson, C., Hetzel, R. & Gessner, K. 2003. Tectonic denudation of a Late Cretaceous-Tertiary collisional belt: Regionally symmetric cooling patterns and their relation to extensional faults in the Anatolide belt of western Turkey. Geological Magazine 140, 421-41.
117. Satir, M. & Friedrichsen, H. 1986. The origin and evolution of the Menderes Massif, W-Turkey: A rubidium/strontium and oxygen isotope study. Geologische Rundshau 75, 703-14.
118. Şenel, Y. M. 1991. Palaeocene-Eocene sediments interbedded with volcanics within the Lycian nappes: Faralya formation. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) Bulletin 113, 1-14.
119. Şengör, A. M. C., Satir, M. & Akkök, R. 1984. Timing of tectonic events in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey: Implications for tectonic evolution and evidence for Pan-African basement in Turkey. Tectonics 3, 693-707.
120. Seyitoǧlu, G., Işik, V. & Çemen, I. 2004. Complete Tertiary exhumation history of the Menderes Massif, western Turkey: An alternative working hypothesis. Terra Nova 16, 358-63.
121. Seyitoǧlu, G., Scott, B. C. & Rundle, C. C. 1992. Timing of Cenozoic extensional tectonics in west Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 149, 533-38.
122. Seyitoǧlu, G., Tekeli, O., Çemen, I., Şen, Ş. & Işik, V. 2002. The role of the flexural rotation/rolling hinge model in the tectonic evolution of the Alaşehir Graben, western Turkey. Geological Magazine 139, 15-26.
123. 39Ar and Rb-Sr geochronology of highpressure metamorphism and exhumation history of the Tavşanli Zone, NW Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137, 46-58.
124. Sözbilir, H. 2001. Geometry of macroscopic structures with their relations to the extensional tectonics: Field evidence from the Gediz detachment, western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 10, 51-67
125. Sözbilir, H. 2005. Olio-Miocene extension in the Lycian orogen: evidence from the Lycian molasse, SW Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 255-82.
126. Timms, N. E. 2004. Garnet porphyroblast timing and behaviour during fold evolution: Implications from a 3-D geometric analysis of a hand-sample scale fold in a schist. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21, 853-73.
127. Tokcaer, M., Agostini, S. & Savaşçin, M. Y. 2005. Geotectonic Setting and Origin of the Youngest Kula Volcanics (Western Anatolia), with a New Emplacement Model. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 143-66.
128. Tomascheck, F., Kennedy, A. K., Villa, I. M., Lagos, M. & Ballhaus, C. 2003. Zircons from Syros, Cyclades, Greece - recrystallization and mobilization of zircon during high-pressure metamorphism. Journal of Petrology 44, 1977-2002.
129. Trotet, F., Jolivet, L. & Vidal, O. 2001. Tectono-metamorphic evolution of Syros and Sifnos islands (Cyclades, Greece). Tectonophysics 338, 179-206.
130. Urai, J. L., Schuiling, R. D. & Jansen, J. B. H. 1990. Alpine deformation on Naxos (Greece). In Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics (eds R. J. Knipe and E. H. Rutter), pp. 509-22. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 54.
131. Vandenberg, L. C. & Lister, G. S. 1996. Structural analysis of basement tectonites from the Aegean metamorphic core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 1437-54.
132. Westaway, R. 2003. Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean Updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 5-46.
133. Wheeler, J. & Butler, R. W. H. 1994. Criteria for identifying structures related to true crustal extension in orogens. Journal of Structural Geology 16, 1023-27.
134. Whitney, D. L. & Bozkurt, E. 2002. Metamorphic history of the southern Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 829-38.
135. 40Ar dating of white micas from an Alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece): the resetting of the argon isotope system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 93, 187-94.
136. Wijbrans, J. R., Schliestedt, M. & York, D. 1990. Single grain argon laser dating of phengites from the blueschist and greenschist transition in Signos (Cyclades, Greece). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, 582-93.
137. Williams, P. F. & Jiang, D. 1999. Rotating garnets. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 17, 367-78.
138. Yeh, M. W. & Bell, T. H. 2004. Significance of dextral reactivation of an E-W transfer fault in the formation of the Pennsylvania orocline, central Appalachians. Tectonics 23, Art. no. TC5009.
139. Yücel-Öztürk, Helvaci, C. & Satir, M. 2005. Genetic relations between skarn mineralization and petrogenesis of the Evciler Granitoid, Kazdaǧ, Çanakkale, Turkey and comparison with world skarn granitoids. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 225-80.