Rotating garnets

Journal of Metamorphic Geology

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 367-378

  Williams, P F ^a   Jiang, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

Author keywords

Folding; Garnet; Porphyroblast; Rotation; Snowball garnet

Indexed keywords

FOLDING; GARNET; PORPHYROBLAST; ROTATION;

EID: 0033165799     PISSN: 02634929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1314.1999.00203.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Astarita, G., 1979. Objective and generally applicable criteria for flow classification. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 6, 69-76.
2. Bell, T. H., 1985. Deformation partitioning and porphyroblast rotation in metamorphic rocks: a radical reinterpretation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3, 109-118.
3. Bell, T. H. & Forde, A., 1995. On the significance of foliation patterns preserved around folds by mineral growth. Tectonophysics, 246, 171-181.
4. Bell, T. H. & Johnson, S. E., 1989. Porphyroblast inclusion trails: the key to orogenesis. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 279-310.
5. Bell, T. H. & Johnson, S. E., 1990. Rotation of relatively large rigid objects during ductile deformation: well established fact or intuitive prejudice? Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 441-446.
6. Bell, T. H. & Johnson, S. E., 1992. Shear sense: a new approach that resolves conflicts between criteria in metamorphic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 99-124.
7. Bell, T. H., Forde, A. & Hayward, N., 1992a. Do smoothly curved, spiral-shaped inclusion trails signify porphyroblast rotation? Geology, 20, 59-62.
8. Bell, T. H., Johnson, S. E., Davis, B., Forde, A., Hayward, N. & Wilkins, C., 1992b. Porphyroblast inclusion-trail orientation data: eppure non son girate! Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 295-307.
9. Bjørnerud, M. & Zhang, H., 1994. Rotation of porphyroblasts in non-coaxial deformation: insights from computer simulations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, 135-139.
10. Dixon, J. M., 1976. Apparent 'double rotation' of porphyroblasts during a single progressive deformation. Tectonophysics, 34, 101-115.
11. Freeman, B., 1985. The motion of rigid ellipsoidal particles in slow flows. Tectonophysics, 113, 163-183.
12. Fyson, W. K., 1975. Fabrics and deformation of Archean metasedimentary rocks, Ross Lake-Gordon Lake area, Slave Province, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12, 765-776.
13. Fyson, W. K., 1980. Fold fabrics and emplacement of an Archean granitoid pluton, Cleft Lake, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 325-332.
14. Ghosh, S. K. & Ramberg, H., 1976. Reorientation of inclusions by combination of pure shear and simple shear. Tectonophysics, 34, 1-70.
15. Gray, N. H. & Busa, M. D., 1994. The three-dimensional geometry of simulated porphyroblast inclusion trails: inert-marker, viscous-flow models. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, 575-587.
16. Henderson, J. R., Wright, T. O. & Henderson, M. N., 1986. A history of cleavage and folding; an example from the Goldenville Formation, Nova Scotia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97, 1354-1366.
17. Hobbs, B. E., Means, W. D. & Williams, P. F., 1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. Wiley, New York.
18. Hudleston, P. J., Treagus, S. H. & Lan, L., 1996. Flexural flow folding: does it occur in nature? Geology, 24, 203-206.
19. Ježek, J., Melka, R., Schulmann, K. & Venera, Z., 1994. The behaviour of rigid triaxial ellipsoidal particles in viscous flows - modeling of fabric evolution in a multiparticle system. Tectonophysics, 229, 165-180.
20. Jeffrey, G. B., 1922. The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 102, 161-179.
21. Jiang, D., 1994a. Vorticity determination, distribution, partitioning and the heterogeneity and non-steadiness of natural deformations. Journal of Structural Geology, 16, 121-130.
22. Jiang, D., 1994b. Flow variation in layered rocks subjected to bulk flow of various kinematic vorticities: theory and geological implications. Journal of Structural Geology, 16, 1159-1172.
23. Johnson, S. E., 1990. Lack of porphyroblast rotation in the Otago schists, New Zealand: implications for crenulation cleavage development, folding and deformation partitioning. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 8, 13-30.
24. Johnson, S. E., 1993. Testing models for the development of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts: to rotate or not to rotate, that is the question. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 11, 635-659.
25. Johnson, S. E. & Bell, T. H., 1996. How useful are 'millipede' and other similar porphyroblast microstructures for determining synmetamorphic deformation histories? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 14, 15-28.
26. Kanagawa, K., 1993. Competence contrasts in ductile deformation as illustrated from naturally deformed chert-mudstone layers. Journal of Structural Geology, 15, 865-885.
27. Kennan, P. S., 1971. Porphyroblast rotation and the kinematic analysis of a small fold. Geological Magazine, 108, 221-228.
28. Kraus, J. & Williams, P. F., 1998. Relationships between foliation development, growth and rotation of porphyroblasts, and large-scale folding in a metaturbidite suite, Snow Lake, Canada. Journal of Structural Geology, 20, 61-76.
29. Lister, G. S., 1993. Do smoothly curved, spiral-shaped inclusion trails signify porphyroblast rotation? Comment. Geology, 21, 479-480.
30. Lister, G. S. & Williams, P. F., 1983. The partitioning of deformation in flowing rock masses. Tectonophysics, 92, 1-33.
31. McKenzie, D. & Jackson, J., 1983. The relationship between strain rates, crustal thickening, palaeomagnetism, finite strain and fault movements within a deformation zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 65, 182-202.
32. Masuda, T. & Mochizuki, S., 1989. Development of snowball structure: numerical simulation of inclusion trails during synkinematic porphyroblast growth in metamorphic rocks. Tectonophysics, 170, 141-150.
33. Means, W. D., Hobbs, B. E., Lister, G. S. & Williams, P. F., 1980. Vorticity and non-coaxiality in progressive deformations. Journal of Structural Geology, 2, 371-378.
34. Passchier, C. W., 1987. Stable position of rigid objects in noncoaxial flow - a study in vorticity analysis. Journal of Structural Geology, 9, 679-690.
35. Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R. A. J., 1996. Microtectonics. Springer Verlag, New York.
36. Passchier, C. W., Trouw, R. A. J., Zwart, H. J. & Vissers, R. L. M., 1992. Porphyroblast rotation: eppur si muove? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 283-294.
37. Powell, D. & Treagus, J. E., 1969. On the geometry of S-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 453-456.
38. Powell, D. & Treagus, J. E., 1970. Rotational fabrics in metamorphic minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 801-814.
39. Price, G. P. & Torok, P. A., 1989. A new simple shear deformation apparatus for rocks and soils. Tectonophysics, 158, 291-309.
40. Ramberg, H., 1975. Particle paths, displacement and progressive strain applicable to rocks. Tectonophysics, 28, 1-37.
41. Ramsay, J. G., 1962. The geometry and mechanics of formation of 'similar' type folds. Journal of Geology, 70, 309-327.
42. Ramsay, J. G., 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw-Hill, New York.
43. Rosenfeld, J. L., 1970. Rotated garnets in metamorphic rocks. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 129.
44. Schmidt, W., 1918. Bewegungsspuren in Porphyroblasten Kristalliner Schiefer. Sitzungsber. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse, Abteiling 1, 127, 293-310.
45. Schoneveld, C., 1977. A study of some typical inclusion patterns in strongly paracrystalline-rotated garnets. Tectonophysics, 39, 453-471.
46. Schoneveld, C., 1979. The geometry and significance of inclusion patterns in syntectonic porphyroblasts. Published PhD Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
47. Simpson, C. & De Paor, D. G., 1993. Strain and kinematic analysis in general shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology, 15, 1-20.
48. Triton, D. J., 1988. Physical Fluid Dynamics. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
49. Truesdell, C., 1977. A First Course in Rational Continuum Mechanics. Academic Press, New York.
50. Truesdell, C. & Noll, W., 1965. The non-lineal field theories of mechanics. Encyclopedia of Physics, III/3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
51. Turner, F. J. & Weiss, L. E., 1963. Structural Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonites. McGraw-Hill, New York.
52. Visser, P. & Mancktelow, N. S., 1992. The rotation of garnet porphyroblasts around a single fold, Lukmanier Pass, Central Alps. Journal of Structural Geology, 14, 1193-1202.
53. Williams, P. F. & Hy, C., 1990. Origin and deformational and metamorphic history of gold-bearing quartz veins on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Mineral Deposit Studies in Nova Scotia, 1, 169-194.
54. Williams, P. F. & Schoneveld, C., 1981. Garnet rotation and the development of axial plane crenulation cleavage. Tectonophysics, 78, 307-334.
55. Williams, P. F., Goodwin, L. B. & Ralser, S., 1994. Ductile deformation processes. In: Continental Deformation (ed. Hancock, P. L.), pp. 1-27. Pergamon Press, Oxford.