Identification and classification of the formation of intermediate ions measured in boreal forest

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 201-210

  Hirsikko, A ^a   Bergman, T ^a   Laakso, L ^a   Dal Maso, M ^a   Riipinen, I ^a   Horrak U ^a,b   Kulmala, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL FORMATION; ANION; BOREAL FOREST; CATION; CLASSIFICATION; ICE CRYSTAL; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; PARTICLE SIZE; RAINFALL; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FINLAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 33846363936     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-201-2007     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J., Mäkelä, J. M., Hoell, C., O'Dowd, C. O., Karlsson, H., Hansson, H.-C., Väkevä, M., Koponen, I. K, Buzorius, G., and Kulmala, M.: Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events, Tellus, 53B, 344-358, 2001.
2. Boy, M., Kulmala, M., Ruuskanen, T. M., Pihlatie, M., Reissell, A., Aalto, P. P., Keronen, P., Dal Maso, M., Hellen, H., Hakola, H., Jansson, R., Hanke, M., and Arnold, F.: Sulphuric acid closure and contribution to nucleation mode particle growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 863-878, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/863/2005/.
3. Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T., Aalto, P. P., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 323-336, 2005.
4. 2O. 1. Positive Ions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 107, 9800-9811, 2003a.
5. 2O. 2. Measurements and ab Initio Structures of Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 107, 9812-9824, 2003b.
6. Gamero-Castaño, M. and Fernández de la Mora, J.: Direct measurement of ion evaporation kinetics from electrified liquid surfaces, J. Chem. Phys., 113, 815-832, 2000a.
7. Gamero-Castaño, M. and Fernández de la Mora, J.: Mechanisms of electrospray ionisation of singly and multiply charged salt clusters, Analytica Chimica Acta, 406, 67-91, 2000b.
8. Hari, P. and Kulmala, M.: Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II), Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 315-322, 2005.
9. Hirsikko, A., Laakso, L., Hörrak, U., Aalto, P. P., Kerminen, V.M., and Kulmala, M.: Annual and size dependent variation of growth rates and ion concentrations in boreal forest, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 357-369, 2005.
10. Hõrrak, U., Iber, H., Luts, A., Salm, J., and Tammet, H.: Mobility spectrum of air ions at Tahkuse Observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10697-10700, 1994.
11. Hõrrak, U., Salm, J., and Tammet, H.: Diurnal variation in the concentration of air ions of different mobility classes in a rural area, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4653, doi:10.1029/2002JD003240, 2003.
12. Hõrrak, U., Tammet, H., Aalto, P. P., Vana, M., Hirsikko, A., Laakso, L., and Kulmala, M.: Formation of charged nanometer aerosol particles associated with rainfall, Proceedings of European Aerosol Conference 2005, p. 606, 2005.
13. Hõrrak, U., Tammet, H., Aalto, P. P., Vana, M., Hirsikko, A., Laakso, L., and Kulmala, M.: Formation of Charged Nanometer Aerosol Particles Associated with Rainfall: Atmospheric Measurements and Lab Experiment, Proceedings of BACCI, NECC and FCoE activities 2005, Report Series in Aerosol Sciences, 81, 180-185, 2006.
14. Iribarne, J. V. and Thomson, B. A.: On the evaporation of small ions from charged droplets, J. Chem. Phys., 64, 2287-2294, 1976.
15. Israel, H.: Atmospheric electricity, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1. Jerusalem, 1970.
16. Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., and Boucher, O.: A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature, 419, 215-223, 2002.
17. Kulmala, M., Hämeri, K., Aalto, P. R, Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Nilsson, E. D., Buzorius, G., Rannik, Ü., Dal Maso, M., Seidl, W., Hoffman, T., Janson, R., Hansson, H.-C., Viisanen, Y., Laaksonen, A., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Overview of the international project on biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR), Tellus, 53B, 324-343, 2001.
18. Kulmala, M., Laakso, L., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Riipinen, I., Dal Maso, M., Anttila, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Hörrak, U., Vana, M., and Tammet, H.: Initial steps of aerosol growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2553-2560, 2004a.
19. Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P. H.: Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: A review of observations, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 143-176, 2004b.
20. Laakso, L., Grönholm, T., Rannik, Ü., Kosmale, M., Fiedler, V., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Ultrafine particle scavenging coefficients calculated from 6 years field measurements, Atmos. Environ., 37(25), 3605-3613, 2003a.
21. Laakso, L., Kulmala, M., and Lehtinen K. E. J.: Effect of condensation rate enhancement factor on 3-nm (diameter) particle formation in binary ion-induced and homogeneous nucleation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4574, doi:10.1029/2003JD003432, 2003b.
22. Laakso, L., Anttila, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Aalto, P. P., Kulmala, M., Hõrrak, U., Paatero, J., Hanke, M., and Arnold, F.: Kinetic nucleation and ions in boreal particle formation events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2353-2366, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/2353/2004/.
23. Laakso, L., Gagné, S., Petäjä, T., Hirsikko, A., Aalto, P., Kulmala, M., and Kerminen, V.-M.: Detecting charging state of ultra-fine particles: instrumental development and ambient measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 6401-6429, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/6/6401/ 2006/.
24. Lovejoy, E. R., Curtius, J., and Froyd, K. D.: Atmospheric ioninduced nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08204, doi:10.1029/2003JD004460, 2004.
25. Nadykto, A. and Yu, F.: Uptake of neutral polar vapour molecules by charged particles: Enhancement due to dipolecharge interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 4717, doi:10.1029/2003JD003664, 2003.
26. Pope, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., and Thurston, G. D.: Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution, J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 287, 1132-1141, 2002.
27. Tammet, H.: Size and mobility of nanometer particles, clusters and ions, J. Aerosol Sci., 26, 459-475, 1995.
28. Tammet, H.: Reduction of air ion mobility to standard conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13933-13937, 1998.
29. Tammet, H.: Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer, in: Proc. 16th International Conference on Nucleation & Atmospheric Aerosols in Kyoto, 2004.
30. Tammet, H.: Continuous scanning of the mobility and size distribution of charged clusters and nanometer particles in atmospheric air and the Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer BSMA, Atmos. Res., 523-535, 2006.
31. Vesala, T., Haataja, J., Aalto, P., Altimir, N., Buzorius, G., Garam, E., Hämeri, K., Ilvesniemi, H., Jokinen, V., Keronen, P., Lahti, T., Markkanen, T., Mäkelä, J. M., Nikinmaa, E., Palmroth, S., Palva, L., Pohja, T., Pumpanen, J., Rannik, Ü., Siivola, E., Ylitalo, H., Hari, P., and Kulmala, M.: Long-term field measurements of atmosphere-surface interactions in boreal forest combining forest ecology, micrometeorology, aerosol physics and atmospheric chemistry, Trends in Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer, 4,17-35, 1998.
32. 2O)ω, Atmos. Environ., 38, 1735-1744, 2004.
33. Yu, E and Turco, R. P.: Ultrafine aerosol formation via ionmediated nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(6), 883-886, 2000.